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Evolutionary topology optimization of continuum structures
Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures treads new ground with a comprehensive study on the techniques and applications of evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) and its later version bi-directional ESO (BESO) methods.
eBook
Technical overview of the equivalent static loads method for non-linear static response structural optimization
Linear static response structural optimization has been developed fairly well by using the finite element method for linear static analysis. However, development is extremely slow for structural optimization where a non linear static analysis technique is required. Optimization methods using equivalent static loads (ESLs) have been proposed to solve various structural optimization disciplines. The disciplines include linear dynamic response optimization, structural optimization for multi-body dynamic systems, structural optimization for flexible multi-body dynamic systems, nonlinear static response optimization and nonlinear dynamic response optimization. The ESL is defined as the static load that generates the same displacement field by an analysis which is not linear static. An analysis that is not linear static is carried out to evaluate the displacement field. ESLs are evaluated from the displacement field, linear static response optimization is performed by using the ESLs, and the design is updated. This process proceeds in a cyclic manner. A variety of problems have been solved by the ESLs methods. In this paper, the methods are completely overviewed. Various case studies are demonstrated and future research of the methods is discussed.
Journal Article
A new Evolutionary Structural Optimization method and application for aided design to reinforced concrete components
The Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) has been applied to find the optimal structural topology for design and construction purposes. However, its efficiency is low due to the imperfect deletion criteria. This paper presents an improved elimination criterion and the Windowed Evolutionary Structural Optimization (WESO) method. The former considers the structural average strain energy as the elimination criteria in the optimization, with the elimination rate set as a self-adaption state by an adjustable window. Thus, the problems of low optimization efficiency and distorted optimization results in the traditional ESO can be solved to a certain extent. The WESO method can then be extended and applied with a complex finite element model. It is found that the method has better optimal ability in handling discrete elements in vast structures. Compared with the other method, the WESO method has high computational efficiency and offers more stable and reliable topology than the Michell theoretical solution. Lastly, upon developing the optimal topology for a double-deck structure, it is shown that the WESO method has a great potential in civil engineering applications.
Journal Article
A strategy for improving the safety and strength of topologically optimized multi-material structures
This paper presents a new strategy to distribute two different materials for multi-material topology optimization. Extended from the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for a single material, the multi-material bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (MBESO) method has been developed, which can effectively handle the topology optimization problems involving two materials like steel and concrete. However, in some special cases, overloading of part of the compressed material occurs in the multi-material structures designed by using the MBESO method. Aimed to solve this critical problem, a simple but effective strategy is proposed in this paper. In steel-concrete composite structures, for instance, the overloaded compressed concrete elements with exceedingly high stress are replaced with steel material. The small amount of steel material added to the highly compressed region can effectively reduce the maximum compressive stress of the concrete material to a safe level. The comparison between the original MBESO method and the improved strategy based on a series of two-dimensional and three-dimensional examples clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in enhancing the structural safety and strength of the topologically optimized composite structures. This distinctly different material distribution strategy shows its potential and value in multi-material topology optimization research and applications.
Journal Article
Topology optimization methods for morphing aircraft design: a review
Current aeronautical research efforts are increasingly focused on weight reduction and the integration of advanced materials analysing dynamic properties. These efforts encompass cellular structures, flexible skins, and modifiable primary and secondary structural elements (e.g., wings). The development of technologies for morphing aircraft design enhances aerodynamic performance and structural efficiency, thereby optimizing the mechanical design of these systems. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the current state of topology optimization methods in morphing aircraft design, highlighting the number of publications in this field and identifying the key journals contributing to this research. It also offers an in-depth analysis of the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method, the Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO), Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO), the recent Proportional Topology Optimization (PTO) and evaluates their effectiveness in achieving efficient designs. Additionally, the review discusses of future challenges and potential advancements in topology optimization for morphing aircraft, offering a thorough overview of the field.
Journal Article
Simulation and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines
Simulation and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines provides the fundamentals and up-to-date progress in multidimensional simulation and optimization of internal combustion engines. While it is impossible to include all the models in a single book, this book intends to introduce the pioneer and/or the often-used models and the physics behind them providing readers with ready-to-use knowledge. Key issues, useful modeling methodology and techniques, as well as instructive results, are discussed through examples. Readers will understand the fundamentals of these examples and be inspired to explore new ideas and means for better solutions in their studies and work. Topics include combustion basis of IC engines, mathematical descriptions of reactive flow with sprays, engine in-cylinder turbulence, fuel sprays, combustions and pollutant emissions, optimization of direct-injection gasoline engines, and optimization of diesel and alternative fuel engines.
eBook
Numerical Study on Sectional Loads and Structural Optimization of an Elastic Semi-Submersible Floating Platform
This study investigates the sectional loads on an elastic semi-submersible platform for a 2 MW FOWT (floating offshore wind turbine) used in the Fukushima demonstration project. A water tank test is firstly carried out with an elastic model to study the dynamic responses and sectional loads of the platform in regular and irregular waves. Numerical simulations are then performed using multiple hydrodynamic bodies connected by elastic beams. The dynamic responses of the elastic model are compared to those of a rigid model to clarify the influence of the structural stiffness on the platform motion and mooring tension. The predicted sectional loads on the deck, brace and pontoon by the proposed nonlinear hydrodynamic models show good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the water tank test and a simplified formula is proposed to evaluate the distribution of the moments on the platform. Finally, the structural optimization of the elastic semi-submersible platform is conducted. The sectional moments and fatigue loadings on the pontoons are significantly reduced using the strut between the pontoons since the horizontal wave loads on the side column are dominant and the vertical wave loads acting on the platform are relatively small due to the deep draft.
Journal Article
A 172-line Matlab code for structural topology optimization in the body-fitted mesh
Topology optimization has the potential to be widely applied to produce innovative and efficient structures, allowing engineers to optimize their aesthetics and performance. This article adopted a 172-line Matlab code TriTOP172 to implement topology optimization in the unstructured triangular mesh using the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method. Its most significant feature is the elimination of zig-zag boundaries essentially existing in the commonly used rectangular mesh. The code uses 40 lines for preliminary setup and optimization iterations and a 78-line function to obtain the body-fitted mesh by solving the balance of a truss network. It also has a 20-line function of nonlinear diffusion to further smooth boundaries and control structure complexity and a 34-line function of finite element analysis. Numerical examples of compliance minimization are provided to assist readers in understanding the algorithm and its implementation. This code can be employed with further extensions to solve complicated conceptual design problems efficiently in several engineering fields. The educational Matlab program is accessible on the
website
and displayed in the Appendix.
Journal Article