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"Student Research"
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Submission or subversion: survival and resilience of Chinese international research students in neoliberalised Australian universities
Although scholars have noted the detrimental nature of the various changes in higher education prompted by neoliberalism, its impact on the experiences of international Higher Degree by Research (HDR) students has yet to be adequately studied. Informed by Bourdieu’s concepts of doxa, field, habitus, and capital, this paper examines the ways in which neoliberalism as doxa in the Australian higher education field has colonised the perception and practice of Chinese international HDR students whilst some students were able to demonstrate resilience to the pervasive neoliberal practices. The paper draws on a larger qualitative research project including interviews with 18 Chinese HDR students from four Australian universities. Data suggest that Chinese HDR research students gradually developed intensified dispositions of self-reliance and self-exploitation in response to neoliberal academic practices whilst others were enculturated into a floating habitus (or vulnerable position) in relation to academic publishing as they attempted to negotiate the tensions across fields and over time. Data further reveal that some participants demonstrated resilience to neoliberalism when empowered by their supervisors with less utilitarian and more critically reflexive supervisory practices. The paper argues that the embrace of neoliberalism in the Australian higher education field has become widespread yet controversial, and that thinking and enacting resilience sociologically may de-neoliberalise the higher education field in Australia and beyond.
Journal Article
Virtual Museum Space as the Innovative Tool for the Student Research Practice
The article presents the results of theoretical substantiation and practical ap-probation of modern possibilities for applying the visual teaching method. The EU countries’ educational experience on modern ways of working with museum expositions to form economic thinking is studied. The content of the two-stage pedagogical experiment is characterized. At the first stage, the possibilities of using educational excursions through museums and histori-cally significant territories of cities as a studying method are researched. The authors’ pedagogical product is presented - regional-themed tours on eco-nomics’ history. Using Ukrainian museums’ online resources (virtual tours, virtual exhibitions) has been developed and tested at the second stage. The thematic catalog of Ukrainian museums’ online resources for broad research practices has been created. The presented innovative tool has shown its ef-fectiveness in improving the educational process quality, forming infor-mation and media literacy, and applying inclusive education. This pedagogi-cal tool is essential in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and for stu-dents with disabilities.
Journal Article
SOARinG to New Heights Through a Structured Medical Student Research Program
Since the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 became Pass/Fall in 2022, medical students competing for residency spots must distinguish themselves with alternative criteria. Research experiences and output offer valuable skill development and objective metrics to support competitive residency applications.
We describe the methodological development of a structured program to support, enhance, and track medical student research efforts at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, explain the implementation of the program, and summarize initial program outcomes.
The Student Opportunities for Academic Achievement Through Research in Greenville (SOARinG) Program was established to serve as a centralized hub for rising second year medical student research. The program matched medical students with mentored research projects scheduled during the summer following first-year coursework. The program included a required weekly seminar series on research basics and current biomedical literature. SOARinG culminated with a student research symposium for which students submitted abstracts and presented a poster or a talk. Quantitative and qualitative program outcomes of student and mentor satisfaction with the program were measured through surveys.
The program was successfully implemented in summers 2021 and 2022. Most students (80-95%) in each class engaged in mentored summer research projects. Students reported overall satisfaction with research projects and mentor support. Overall, 69% of students rated their overall research experience in the program as extremely good or very good. Each student submitted an abstract and presented at the program's symposium or alternate research venue. Overall, 97% of research mentors reported that students were adequately prepared for summer research and suggested that students would benefit from additional skills-specific research training.
The SOARinG Program provided a formalized process for tracking and showcasing medical student research and allowed for increased student participation in research. Additionally, each participating student produced objective research output, thus enhancing future residency applications.
Journal Article
Exploring medically-related Canadian summer student research programs: a National Cross-sectional Survey Study
Background
Summer student research programs (SSRPs) serve to generate student interest in research and a clinician-scientist career path. This study sought to understand the composition of existing medically-related Canadian SSRPs, describe the current selection, education and evaluation practices and highlight opportunities for improvement.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey study among English-language-based medically-related Canadian SSRPs for undergraduate and medical students was conducted. Programs were systematically identified through academic and/or institutional websites. The survey, administered between June–August 2016, collected information on program demographics, competition, selection, student experience, and program self-evaluation.
Results
Forty-six of 91 (50.5%) identified programs responded. These SSRPs collectively offered 1842 positions with a mean 3.76 applicants per placement. Most programs (78.3%,
n
= 36/46) required students to independently secure a research supervisor. A formal curriculum existed among 61.4% (
n
= 27/44) of programs. Few programs (5.9%,
n
= 2/34) offered an integrated clinical observership. Regarding evaluation, 11.4% (
n
= 5/44) of programs tracked subsequent research productivity and 27.5% (
n
= 11/40) conducted long-term impact assessments.
Conclusions
Canadian SSRPs are highly competitive with the responsibility of selection primarily with the individual research supervisor rather than a centralized committee. Most programs offered students opportunities to develop both research and communication skills. Presently, the majority of programs do not have a sufficient evaluation component. These findings indicate that SSRPs may benefit from refinement of selection processes and more robust evaluation of their utility. To address this challenge, the authors describe a logic model that provides a set of core outcomes which can be applied as a framework to guide program evaluation of SSRPs.
Journal Article
Strategies to Promote Effective Student Research Teams in Undergraduate Biology Labs
Biology labs often make use of student teams. However, some students resist working in teams, often based on poor experiences. Although instructors sometimes struggle with student teams, effective teams in biology labs are achievable. We increased student learning and satisfaction when working in research teams by (1) including in the syllabus a teamwork learning objective \"to practice effective teamwork and team management, including modeling behaviors of inclusion and ethics, and using leadership skills to foster problem solving, team communication, conflict management, consensus building, and idea generation\"; and (2) designing and implementing exercises that teach students the value of working in a team and how to be part of an effective student team (e.g., developing shared expectations, creating norms of behavior and team culture, and building awareness of the importance of team conflict and likely student responses to such conflict). We also used individual and team reflections on team functioning, following formal online team assessment. This article presents details about our curricular innovations as well as pretest and posttest data demonstrating student attitudes and beliefs regarding teamwork. We experienced improved student satisfaction and success in introductory biology lab courses, as well as reduced instructor guesswork and stress regarding student teams.
Journal Article
Wild zebra finches do not use social information from conspecific reproductive success for nest site choice and clutch size decisions
Information about the quality of local habitat can greatly help to improve an individual's decision-making and, ultimately, its fitness. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms and significance of information use in reproductive decisions, especially in unpredictable environments. We tested the hypothesis that perceived breeding success of conspecifics serves as a cue for habitat quality and hence influences breeding decisions (nest site choice and clutch size), using the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as a model species. Zebra finches breed opportunistically in the unpredictable, arid zone of Australia. They often inspect the nests of conspecifics, potentially to prospect on conspecific reproductive success, i.e., to collect social information. We conducted a clutch and brood size manipulation to experimentally create the perception of high and low quality areas. In six areas, clutch sizes of almost 300 zebra finch nests were either all increased (N=3 areas) or reduced (N=3 areas) throughout one breeding season. The number of breeding pairs and sizes of newly laid clutches were not significantly affected by the manipulated reproductive success of the areas. Thus, zebra finches did not use social cues for their reproductive decisions, which contrasts with findings of species in temperate zones, and could be an adaptation to the high unpredictability of their habitat. Even the personal experience of rebreeding birds did not directly affect their clutch size. Our study suggests that zebra finches employ a high level of opportunism as a key strategy for reproduction. Further, this is the first study to our knowledge using an experimental approach in the wild to demonstrate that decision-making in unpredictable natural environments might differ from decision-making in temperate environments with seasonal breeding.
Journal Article
Undergraduate Research as an Institutional Ethos-A Case Study Examining a Faculty Sponsored Research Symposium
This article describes a high-impact, institutional approach of embedding undergraduate research. Using a regional, teaching-focused state university as a case study, the article documents the formation of a campus-wide annual undergraduate research symposium (URS) and examines changes in the institution’s culture toward student research. The URS has played the dual role of increasing undergraduate involvement with research and increasing faculty involvement in collaborative research. Key to the effectiveness of the URS is its openness to a wide variety of disciplines and promotion of faculty-student research mentoring. This case study provides background and direction to those wishing to replicate the transformative impact of integrating undergraduate research at their own institutions by forming a high-impact, campus-wide undergraduate research symposium.
Journal Article
The Medical Student Summer Research Program at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston: building research foundations
Background: Interest in incorporating research into the medical school curriculum has grown over the years. One of the challenges involved with providing research to medical students is developing programs that allow a large number of students to perform research. This involves securing faculty to mentor students in the design of research projects. In order to accommodate students with research interests, well-established research programs must be implemented.
Objective: This article describes the design and implementation of a curriculum-based research program for medical students at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston. The main objective of this article is to describe the program for the purpose of assisting other medical schools to develop a similar student research program.
Design: At UTMB we established a Medical Student Summer Research Program (MSSRP) that occurred between the first year and the second year of medical school. Between the years 2000-2017, MSSRP accommodated a minimum of 39 and a maximum of 90 students during an 8 week period. Two surveys were conducted to collect students' views on how MSSRP affected their interest in research. We performed a proportion statistical analysis on the data from both surveys in order to determine the significance of the responses.
Results: The benefit of MSSRP is that it provided medical students with an exposure to research. According to the proportions test, the responses were statistically significant with 85% of 26 third and fourth year students stating they would continue to incorporate research into their medical careers; 75% stating that MSSRP increased their interest in research; and 85% responding that MSSRP helped them to understand research methodology.
Conclusions: MSSRP is a curriculum-based program that provides a framework to other medical institutions interested in the development of similar student research programs and provides students the exposure and option to continue with research as a component of their medical profession.
Journal Article
Cues and mechanisms for lateral exposure preference in the common eland (Taurotragus oryx)
In vertebrates, brain lateralization has been described as a left hemispheric specialization for information processing and decision-making and a right hemispheric specialization for intense emotional reactions and fear responses. Accordingly, we may expect that ungulates will instinctively orientate their body in order to use their left eye for the detection of threats and social information. In this study, we investigate the factors influencing the body orientation of individuals during feeding activities in 55 captive common elands in two socially stable captive herds. Do lateralized postures differ while individuals perform activities with different vulnerability risks, and what are the factors affecting lateral exposure preferences? We recorded a large number of observations of the activity of the elands, the number of animals on each side, the positions and distances of the closest neighbour, the dominant individual and the closest visual barrier. Statistical analyses determined the positioning preferences of the animal according to these factors, including the influence of age, sex and ranking (own and that of the closest). At herd and individual levels, common elands have a left bias in lateral exposure preference to herdmates, dominant and closest individuals. Body orientation choice seems to be based on a trade-off between the perceived threat a nearby animal represents and the distance between them. Situations of higher vulnerability, like grazing, are characterized by a more intense lateralized pattern. This supports the theory that the animal would use its left side senses to more quickly and accurately detect and process danger and social stimuli.
Journal Article