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"Sugar plantations -- India -- History"
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Sugar plantation in India and Indonesia : industrial production, 1770-2010
\"European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Sugar Plantation in India and Indonesia
European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean.
eBook
Coolies of the Empire : indentured Indians in the sugar colonies, 1830-1920
\"Focuses on the overseas Indians who left their homeland to work on colonial sugar plantations during the 19th and early 20th centuries under the indenture system, introduced in the British Empire subsequent to the abolition of slavery in 1833\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The sugar plantation in India and Indonesia
\"European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean\"--
Book
“Against Right and Reason”: The Bold but Smooth French Take-Over of Dutch Cayenne (1655–1664)
The Dutch loss of Brazil in 1654 favoured the resettlement of Dutch merchants along the Wild Coast and in the Lesser Antilles and the establishment of new colonies. Cayenne Island was one of them. One WIC patent was handed to Jan Claes Langedijck, who settled at the former French fort of Cépérou, and another patent was given to David Nassy, who settled in the Anse de Rémire, situated at the opposite part of the former island. Both colonies were taken by the French in May 1664 as part of the imperial French expansion under King Louis XIV and Jean-Baptist Colbert. It is argued here that the main French goal was to gain control of the sugar plantations of the Sephardic community located there, and, to a lesser extent, the much-desired territorial control of this region as proposed by the newly established French West India Company. The Dutch were aware of the attack, but could not intervene as it was already too late to send support to the poorly defended Cayenne colony. Both parties negotiated the take-over and the majority of the Dutch settlers stayed under French rule, as was suggested by the Dutch government and hoped for by the French.
Journal Article
Indenture and the Indian Experience of Leprosy on Makogai Island, Fiji
The Central Leprosy Hospital on the Fijian Island of Makogai received patients of many ethnicities and from many localities across the British southwest Pacific. Yet, during the years of the hospital's operation from 1911 to 1969, Indians comprised the largest single ethnic group. They were almost all indentured labourers, brought to Fiji to work on sugar plantations, or the descendants of those who remained after their contracts expired. Drawing on archival records, this paper explores Indian identity on Makogai. On one hand, the experience of Indian patients was shaped by an ambiguous connection to place formed partly through both the stigma and the mechanisms of indenture. On the other, they shared with fellow patients on Makogai the stigma of leprosy and the experience of the disease and isolation.
Journal Article
Labour Ideologies and Labour Relations in Colonial Portuguese America, 1500–1700
During the two first centuries of Portuguese colonization in America there was an intense debate about the legitimacy of enslaving Africans and Indians. In Portuguese America, the mission to spread the Christian faith was connected with the subjection of populations on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean to an ideology that considered labour as God's punishment for Adam's sin. In that sense, the justification of the unfree labour inflicted upon Indians and Africans in Portuguese America was a product of the same ideology, one that condemned manual work as rendering a man dishonourable. The purpose of this article is to review the debate from its medieval origins in Portugal, and to examine what effect the arrival of the Jesuits in America had on that debate, until the final prohibition of Indian enslavement in the mid-eighteenth century, documented by letters, reports, and sermons.
Journal Article
Role of sugar cane in formation of modern world-system
The formation of the complex of power relations that constitute the modern world-system was to a large extent influenced by the production of and trade of specific market crops, especially tobacco, cotton and sugar. The modern \"sugar revolution\", arising from the spread of the slave-plantation form into the New World, had a substantial impact on the integration of the American continent into the world economy and on the constitution of the so-called triangular trade. The sugar revolution and control of the lucrative transatlantic trade of cane sugar and other commodities necessary for the operation of sugar plantations were a significant resource of capital that was channelled by the structure of the world-system to Europe, facilitating the huge investments called for by the Industrial Revolution. In this article we focus on the development of transatlantic sugar trade from its beginnings during the early colonization of the New World, through the establishment of slave plantations as the dominant form of labour organization, allowing mass production of sugar cane and raising specific demands on the transatlantic trade, to the benefits that the new system has brought to European powers.
Journal Article
Depression riots and the calling of the 1897 West India Royal Commission
Questions why the West India Royal Commission of 1897 was considered necessary when serious distress already existed in the 1880s. Author argues that riots caught the government's attention much more readily than statistical data. Even minor disturbances could have distracted London from its preoccupation with the newer, more important parts of the Empire.
Journal Article