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"Sugar trade -- India -- History"
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Sugar plantation in India and Indonesia : industrial production, 1770-2010
\"European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Sugar Plantation in India and Indonesia
European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean.
eBook
The sugar plantation in India and Indonesia
\"European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time. Although initial attempts by British planters in India failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the Caribbean\"--
Book
The Significance of the \Global Turn\ for the Early American Republic: Globalization in the Age of Nation-Building
Even into the first decades of the nineteenth century, as geographic mobility increased and urban areas grew in size, most Americans were said to live in places dominated by face-to-face interactions and personal relationships.1 What a difference a couple of decades makes. [...]while Atlantic history has encouraged historians of the early American republic to expand their geographic horizons, it does not necessarily require a reconceptualization of the entire field.6 Global history, on the other hand, demands something more.
Journal Article
The cultural politics of sugar : Caribbean slavery and narratives of colonialism
Keith Sandiford's 2000 study focuses on six influential authors of the colonial West Indies and examines the importance of sugar as a central metaphor in their work. Based on extensive historical knowledge and postcolonial theory, his book shows how these narratives construct a viable, coherent and alternative polity.
eBook
Crisis, 1763–1773
In chapter 6 of The Overseas Trade of British America, postwar recession coincides with London’s attempt to tighten its control over colonial trade. First came the Customs Enforcement Act of 1763, a law that deputized naval officers as customs agents. Prosecutions garnered wide public attention, and Americans pushed back against prize-hungry naval officers, customs officials, and vice-admiralty courts. Clearly, salutary neglect was over. The Sugar Act of 1764 ushered in even stricter enforcement of laws governing trade, and the Stamp Act of 1765 asserted Britain’s authority to tax its American colonies. Americans responded with a campaign of political action and boycott that led to repeal of the Stamp Act. But new duties on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea in 1767 signaled the determination of Parliament to proceed. In 1770, the renewed threat of boycott resulted in repeal of these “Townsend Duties” — except that on tea. Trade immediately revived. Then in June 1772, Great Britain, Ireland, and the British colonies in America fell victim to a credit crisis whose severity threatened the commercial and financial structure of the empire. Teetering on the edge of collapse was the greatest of Britain’s chartered corporations: the East India Company.
Book Chapter
Southernization
A process called southernization first began in Southern Asia. By the fifth century C.E., developments associated with southernization were present in India, whence they spread to China and then to the Middle East and the Mediterranean basin. After 1200 they began to have an impact on southern Europe. These developments included the discovery of bullion sources, the emergence of a new mathematics, the pioneering of trade routes, the trade in tropical spices, the cultivation of southern crops such as sugar and cotton, and the invention of various technologies.
Journal Article
Neglected Orphans and Absent Parents: The European Mercantile Houses of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Java
The firm of Paine Stricker was one of a score of major European mercantile houses in mid-nineteenth-century Batavia, the erstwhile ‘Pearl of the East’ and prime city of the Netherlands Indies (present-day Indonesia). The firm’s existence in Java throughout the mid-century decades is richly illustrative of the two-fold argument presented in this chapter. On the one hand, it is contended that Paine Sticker and similar firms have been unjustly neglected (until recently) in the historiography of the mid-nineteenth-century Netherlands Indies. On the other hand, it is argued that contrary to assumptions largely made in this regard (often on the basis of concurrent developments in British India), colonial mercantile houses of this type were essentially ‘orphans’, in most cases operating independently of metropolitan ‘parents’. These are arguments that will be developed further in the subsequent discussion. Initially, however, the focus is on Paine Stricker as a prime example of a colonial firm that functioned — rather effectively in fact — in the absence of an overseas controlling hand.
Book Chapter