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"Suitability"
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Spatial differentiation of comprehensive suitability of urban human settlements based on GIS: a case study of Liaoning Province, China
The comprehensive suitability of regional human settlements is of great significance to the development and spatial distribution of regional human settlements and regional social and economic development. In this study, based on the traditional evaluation of the natural suitability of the human settlements, this study adds humanistic indicators to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of the human settlements in Liaoning, China. In particular, we sought to uncover the spatial differentiation law of the comprehensive suitability of these settlements and its correlations with population density and GDP density and provide a theoretical basis for urban human settlements planning and governance. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the natural suitability index in Liaoning Province presents the law of longitudinal spatial differentiation from northeast to southwest, which follows the direction of the mountains, (2) the highest to lowest humanistic suitability indexes were as follows: the central, eastern, and western regions, (3) the highest to lowest spatial differentiations of the comprehensive suitability of the human settlements were as follows: the central and coastal, eastern, and western regions, and (4) the spatial distribution of population–economy density in Liaoning Province was basically consistent with the spatial distribution of the comprehensive suitability index of human settlements. The population–economy is concentrated in the areas with the best and moderate human settlements. Ultimately, we found that the distributions of population–economy and human settlement suitability were relatively coordinated and that highly suitable land was already fully utilized. Analyze the natural and humanistic advantages or limitations of the development of the human settlements in each city, and plan the construction of the natural, humanistic and human settlements in each city direction.
Journal Article
The Suitability of Different Nighttime Light Data for GDP Estimation at Different Spatial Scales and Regional Levels
Nighttime light data offer a unique view of the Earth’s surface and can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of gross domestic product (GDP). Historically, using a simple regression function, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) has been used to correlate regional and global GDP values. In early 2013, the first global Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data were released. Compared with DMSP/OLS, they have a higher spatial resolution and a wider radiometric detection range. This paper aims to study the suitability of the two nighttime light data sources for estimating the GDP relationship between the provincial and city levels in Mainland China, as well as of different regression functions. First, NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data for 2014 are corrected with DMSP/OLS data for 2013 to reduce the background noise in the original data. Subsequently, three regression functions are used to estimate the relationship between nighttime light data and GDP statistical data at the provincial and city levels in Mainland China. Then, through the comparison of the relative residual error (RE) and the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) parameters, a systematical assessment of the suitability of the GDP estimation is provided. The results show that the NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data are better than the DMSP/OLS data for GDP estimation, whether at the provincial or city level, and that the power function and polynomial models are better for GDP estimation than the linear regression model. This study reveals that the accuracy of GDP estimation based on nighttime light data is affected by the resolution of the data and the spatial scale of the study area, as well as by the land cover types and industrial structures of the study area.
Journal Article
Suitability of the Kinect Sensor and Leap Motion Controller—A Literature Review
As the need for sensors increases with the inception of virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of the two Kinect devices and the Leap Motion Controller. When evaluating the suitability, the authors’ focus was on the state of the art, device comparison, accuracy, precision, existing gesture recognition algorithms and on the price of the devices. The aim of this study is to give an insight whether these devices could substitute more expensive sensors in the industry or on the market. While in general the answer is yes, it is not as easy as it seems: There are significant differences between the devices, even between the two Kinects, such as different measurement ranges, error distributions on each axis and changing depth precision relative to distance.
Journal Article
Analyzing the Impact of Land Resource Dimension on Konjac (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) Yield and Land Suitability Criteria Using PLS-SEM and Boundary Line Methods In Gorontalo, Indonesia
The current land suitability criteria for konjac are incomplete and fail to consider land dimensions and quality, which influence optimal yield. This research aims to develop criteria for konjac land suitability based on the dimensions, quality, and characteristics of selected land. In Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, 131 land units were surveyed to obtain data on the quality and characteristics. Selection of land dimensions, quality, and characteristics using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS). Meanwhile, the optimum yield and distinguished land suitability criteria for konjac plants using the boundary line method. The results indicated that intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions determined the new land suitability criteria. In the intrinsic dimension, land quality was assessed based on root conditions, oxygen availability, nutrient availability, nutrient retention, and sodicity. For the extrinsic dimension, land quality only comprised temperature, water availability, land preparation, and erosion hazard. Land characteristics in the intrinsic dimension consisted of soil drainage, texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, pH, organic C, CEC, base saturation, total N, available P, and exchangeable K. For the extrinsic dimension, land characteristics included slope, soil erosion, surface rocks, and rock outcrops. The highest optimum yield of konjac was 9.17 t/ha, and the lowest was 6.69 t/ha, respectively.
Journal Article
Assessing beach tourism suitability to support sustainable tourism development on Untung Jawa Island
Untung Jawa Island is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the Thousand Islands of Jakarta. This status of a tourist area must be developed in a directed manner by evaluating the level of suitability of the coastal environment to support tourism. This study provides evaluation results using the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) for the beach recreation category. Data for each TSI parameter were obtained from two stations, namely Pasir Putih Beach and Arsa Beach, and supported by data from interviews with local residents. The results of the parameter measurements were then weighted to find the actual suitability index. TSI calculation on both beaches resulting in a value of 2.42 for the Pasir Putih Beach and 2.19 for Arsa Beach, respectively. Both values fell into the suitable level for beach tourism. The lower value of Arsa Beach is due to its location being close to the port and the inadequate width of the beach (3.78 meters). These results show that suitability for beach tourism is approaching the limit of unsuitable. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid to the management and development of beach tourism on Untung Jawa Island.
Journal Article
NEW PRODUCT
The Federal Highway Administration is pleased to announce the release of the Contracting Alternatives Suitability Evaluator (CASE) Webtool. The CASE Webtool can help project teams to evaluate risk and support decisions regarding the appropriate contracting method for multiple situations.
Journal Article
Land Suitability Analysis for Solar Farms Exploitation Using GIS and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)—A Case Study of Iran
Considering the geographical location and climatic conditions of Iran, solar energy can provide a considerable portion of the energy demand for the country. This study develops a two-step framework. In the first step, the map of unsuitable regions is extracted based on the defined constraints. In the next step, in order to identify the suitability of different regions, 11 defined criteria, including solar radiation, average annual temperatures, distance from power transmission lines, distance from major roads, distance from residential area, elevation, slope, land use, average annual cloudy days, average annual humidity and average annual dusty days, are identified. The relative weights of defined criteria and sub-criteria are also determined applying fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) technique. Next, by overlaying these criteria layers, the final map of prioritization of different regions of Iran for exploiting solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is developed. Based on Iran’s political divisions, investigation and analysis of the results have been presented for a total of 1057 districts of the country, where each district stands in one of the five defined classes of excellent, good, fair, low, and poor level. The obtained data indicate that 14.7% (237,920 km2), 17.2% (278,270 km2), 19.2% (311,767 km2), 11.3% (183,057 km2), 1.8% (30,549 km2) and 35.8% (580,264 km2) of Iran’s area are positioned as excellent, good, fair, low, poor and unsuitable areas, respectively. Moreover, Kerman, Yazd, Fars, Sisitan and Baluchestan, Southern Khorasan and Isfahan are included in the regions as the most excellent suitable provinces for exploiting solar PV plants.
Journal Article
Water quality index for assessment of drinking groundwater purpose case study: area surrounding Ismailia Canal, Egypt
The dramatic increase of different human activities around and along Ismailia Canal threats the groundwater system. The assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking purpose is needed for groundwater sustainability as a main second source for drinking. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is an approach to identify and assess the drinking groundwater quality suitability.
The analyses are based on Pearson correlation to build the relationship matrix between 20 variables (electrical conductivity (Ec), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), carbonate (CO
3
), sulphate (SO
4
), bicarbonate (HCO
3
), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminium (Al). Very strong correlation is found at [Ec with Na, SO
4
] and [Mg with Cl]; strong correlation is found at [TDS with Na, Cl], [Na with Cl, SO
4
], [K with SO
4
], [Mg with SO
4
] and [Cl with SO
4
], [Fe with Al], [Pb with Al]. The water type is Na–Cl in the southern area due to salinity of the Miocene aquifer and Mg–HCO
3
water type in the northern area due to seepage from Ismailia Canal and excess of irrigation water.
The WQI classification for drinking water quality is assigned with excellent and good groundwater classes between km 10 to km 60, km 80 to km 95 and the adjacent areas around Ismailia Canal. While the rest of WQI classification for drinking water quality is assigned with poor, very poor, undesirable and unfit limits which are assigned between km 67 to km 73 and from km 95 to km 128 along Ismailia Canal.
Journal Article
Multi-criteria decision analysis for wind power plant location selection based on fuzzy AHP and geographic information systems
The objective of this study was to find the most suitable places for wind power plants by using geographic information systems (GIS) and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). To this purpose, a FAHP–GIS based model was developed with 17 main criteria and 81 sub-criteria relevant to wind power plants. These included a number of important criteria which have been ignored or not used to date in the wind power plant site selection studies in the literature. Weights showing the degree of importance of each criteria were calculated via the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method and integrated to the model. The geographic data for the sample study area were collected and processed via GIS, and a suitability map for wind power plants and restricted regions in the sample study area was generated by overlaying all the weighted maps. As a result of the study, restricted areas, the most suitable areas and less suitable areas for the study area were determined with the help of the suitability map created by introducing the new criteria. With this study, the proposed FAHP-GIS model, which is developed with the proposed new criteria, will provide more accurate results in the wind power plant site selection studies.
Journal Article