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Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence to Informal Social Support Network Members
This article presents a review of the published literature to date on rates, experiences, and correlates of victims’ disclosure of or help seeking for intimate partner violence to informal social support network members (e.g., friends, family, classmates, and coworkers). Research indicates that the majority of individuals disclose to at least one informal support and that victims’ disclosure is associated with a number of demographic (e.g., victims’ sex, age, race), intrapersonal (e.g., victims’ feelings of shame/embarrassment, perception of control over abuse), and situational (e.g., violence frequency and severity, if abuse is witnessed) factors. Following disclosure, victims experience a wide range of positive (e.g., believing the victim’s reports, validating the victim’s experiences) and negative (e.g. disbelieving, blaming the victim) social reactions, with positive reactions rated as the most common and most helpful forms of support by victims. Finally, a review of psychological correlates associated with reactions to disclosure indicates that positive social reactions are associated with more psychological health benefits and fewer negative health symptoms, whereas negative social reactions were associated with increased negative psychological health symptoms. Future research methodologies and implications for violence prevention, intervention, and policy are discussed.
Journal Article
The rabbit effect : live longer, happier, and healthier with the groundbreaking science of kindness
\"Discover [a] ... new way to look at our health based on the latest ... discoveries in the science of compassion, kindness, and human connection\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Emergent achievement segregation in freshmen learning community networks
A common assumption about Freshmen Learning Communities (FLCs) is that academic relationships contribute to students' success. This study investigates how students in learning communities connect with fellow students for friendship and academic support. Longitudinal social network data across the first year, collected from 95 Dutch students in eight FLCs, measure both social and academic relational choices within and beyond the FLCs. Using stochastic actor-based models, the study tests two competing hypotheses. The alignment hypothesis states that students connect with their similar-achieving friends for both academic and social support, leading to an alignment of both types of networks over time. In contrast, the duality hypothesis states dissimilarity between academic support networks and friendship networks: students should connect with better-achieving fellow students for academic support and to more similar peers for friendship. The data support the alignment hypothesis but not the duality hypothesis; in addition, they show evidence of achievement segregation in FLCs: the higher the students' achievement level, the more they connect with other students for both academic support and friendship, relating in particular to peers with a similarly high achievement level. The results suggest that lower-achieving students are excluded from the support provided by higher-achieving students and instead ask similar lower achievers for support. They thus cannot benefit optimally from the academic integration FLC offer. The article concludes with recommendations of how to support students in an FLC so that they can reach optimal achievement potential. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Journal Article
Indigenous Peoples’ Help-Seeking Behaviors for Family Violence: A Scoping Review
Indigenous peoples are more likely than non-Indigenous peoples to experience family violence (FV), with wide-reaching impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Despite this, service providers indicate that Indigenous peoples are less likely to seek support than non-Indigenous peoples. Little is known about the reasons for this, particularly from the perspective of Indigenous people themselves. In this scoping review, we explore the views Indigenous peoples have on help seeking for FV. Online databases, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched for relevant studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied so that only original studies where the Indigenous voice was specifically sought were chosen. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria including qualitative and mixed-methods research. Studies were conducted in the Americas, New Zealand, Australia, and India. Overall, findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are reluctant to engage in help-seeking behaviors for FV. Data were inductively organized into three main themes reflecting this reluctance: tendency to avoid help seeking (acknowledging the barriers of shame, tight-knit communities, and inappropriate service responses causing mistrust and fear), turning to informal support networks, and help is sought when crisis point is reached. We conclude that to overcome barriers for Indigenous peoples seeking help for FV, improving service providers response to FV through training and more research about what works is required; these activities need to be informed by both male and female Indigenous voices.
Journal Article
Job Insecurity, Financial Threat, and Mental Health in the COVID-19 Context: The Moderating Role of the Support Network
The aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, to analyze the relations between the perceptions of job insecurity and financial threat and general mental health during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. And secondly, to identify the potential moderating effect of the support network. We carried out a cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample aimed at a general Chilean adult population to analyze this. The results show that both job insecurity (β = −.183; p < .001) and financial threat (β = −.309; p < .001) are associated with a decline in general mental health. Likewise, the results indicated a positive relationship between support network and general mental health in the two models analyzed (βs = 0.322 and 0.182; ps < 0.001 and = 0.012, respectively), as well as a moderating effect of support network on the relationship between job insecurity and decreased general mental health (β = .232; p < .001). The theoretical and applied scope of these findings are analyzed, and their challenges and limitations are discussed.
Journal Article
A Qualitative Exploration of Peer Supporters' Experiences of Undertaking a Co‐Produced Mental Health and Emotional Well‐Being Training Programme
Introduction Peer supporters play a crucial role in mental health and support services, but their own mental health and emotional well‐being are often neglected by themselves, and, frequently, their organisations. Here, we report findings from a qualitative interview study of peer supporters who completed a co‐produced emotional well‐being training programme. Method Ten semi‐structured interviews with peer supporters working in the North East of England were conducted to explore their experiences of the training programme. Results Thematic analysis of the data produced three overarching themes. In Theme 1, ‘Increasing psychological preparedness and identifying self‐care and coping strategies’, we found that peer supporters improved their knowledge of how to manage sensitive topics such as aggression and suicide and felt more confident in their peer support roles resultantly. In Theme 2, ‘It's good to know you're not alone’, peer supporters discussed their experience of loneliness in their roles, and as a consequence realised their own need for peer support to help maintain their well‐being. Theme 3, ‘Toward the future: next steps’, encapsulated peer supporters' willingness to continue their role development and to create a peer support network to continue to obtain mutual support. Conclusion Our findings emphasise the perceived emotional well‐being benefits of a co‐produced peer supporter training programme. Participants highlighted the need for co‐produced training programmes that are (1) emotion‐focussed, (2) provide access to other peer supporters and (3) provide future avenues for a peer supporter network of mutual support and professional development activities and training opportunities. Patient or Public Contribution Individuals with lived experience of mental ill health and peer support were consulted in the development of interview questions and provided feedback on the finalised themes to ensure the analysis and interpretations were congruent with their experiences.
Journal Article
Untangling the role of social relationships for overcoming challenges in local food systems: a case study of farmers in Québec, Canada
Advocates for re-localizing food systems often encourage consumers to support local farmers and strengthen local food economies. Yet, local food systems hinge not only on consumers’ willingness to buy local food but also on whether farmers have the social support networks to address diverse challenges during food production and distribution. This study characterizes the challenges and support systems of farmers selling to local markets in Québec, Canada, across multiple growing seasons using a mixed-methods research design. We sent an online questionnaire to 1046 farmers and conducted follow-up interviews with 15 of the 133 respondents. Our findings show that farmers relied on an average of four support actor groups, particularly employees, customers, and other farmers. Actors played distinct roles in terms of the importance, frequency, and formality of interactions, providing immediate and long-term support through formal and informal relationships across multiple spatial scales (farm, local community, and regional/international). Our thematic analysis showed that support actors helped farmers in four key domains: (1) Knowledge sharing and emotional support; (2) Labour and workforce; (3) Material and financial aid; and (4) Consumer education and business promotion. Farmer associations provided resources to tackle various challenges, acting as bridges across multiple support actor groups. Yet, our results suggest that political desires to encourage local food systems are in some cases poorly matched with resources to address specific types of challenges farmers face. Specifically, overlooking the role of diverse social support actors in helping farmers build food production and distribution capacity could undermine efforts to foster localization.
Journal Article
Recent intimate partner violence among people with chronic mental illness: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey
People with mental illness are at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation, but little is known about their risk for different forms of IPV, related health impact and help-seeking.
To estimate the odds for past-year IPV, related impact and disclosure among people with and without pre-existing chronic mental illness (CMI).
We analysed data from 23 222 adult participants in the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey using multivariate logistic regression.
Past-year IPV was reported by 21% and 10% of women and men with CMI, respectively. The adjusted relative odds for emotional, physical and sexual IPV among women with versus without CMI were 2.8 (CI = 1.9-4.0), 2.6 (CI = 1.6-4.3) and 5.4 (CI = 2.4-11.9), respectively. People with CMI were more likely to attempt suicide as result of IPV (aOR = 5.4, CI = 2.3-12.9), less likely to seek help from informal networks (aOR = 0.5, CI = 0.3-0.8) and more likely to seek help exclusively from health professionals (aOR = 6.9, CI = 2.6-18.3).
People with CMI are not only at increased risk of all forms of IPV, but they are more likely to suffer subsequent ill health and to disclose exclusively to health professionals. Therefore, health professionals play a key role in addressing IPV in this population.
Journal Article
The Influence of Public Policies for Gender Equality on the Construction of Women's Autonomy in Northwestern Mexico
This study analyzes the influence of public policies for gender equality and how these formal support networks contribute to the construction of women's autonomy in northwestern Mexico. It highlights the interrelation between women's economic independence, decisionmaking ability, and physical autonomy. This study is also part of a broader investigation into formal support networks related to gender equality and women's autonomy currently being conducted in the region. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the authors conducted semistructured interviews with directors of key governmental institutions in Mexico-SEMujeres in Sinaloa, INMujerBC in Baja California, and ISMujeres in Sonora-which serve as core agencies within these networks. These formal support networks, by articulating inter-institutional efforts with a gender perspective, are fundamental for transforming historical structures of inequality and ensuring women's full and safe participation in various social spheres. Economic empowerment, political participation, and protection from violence are identified as key pillars of this transformation. The study concludes that women's autonomy is built incrementally and requires coordinated public policies involving collaboration between the government, the private sector, and civil society. Despite progress, significant structural challenges remain. Therefore, it is recommended to deepen gender mainstreaming in public policies and to include the perspectives of women beneficiaries in future stages to strengthen these support networks.
Journal Article