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result(s) for
"Surficial geology"
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The influence of geological-morphological and land use settings on shallow landslides in the Pogliaschina T. basin (northern Apennines, Italy)
by
Bartelletti, C.
,
D'Amato Avanzi, G.
,
Giannecchini, R.
in
Casualties
,
Earth science
,
Extreme weather
2017
On 25 October 2011, the eastern Liguria (Vara Valley and Cinque Terre area) and northwestern Tuscany (Magra Valley) were affected by an extreme rainstorm (almost 600 mm/24 h) that caused floods, thousands of shallow landslides, 13 casualties and damage to villages and infrastructure. This study aims at analysing the main features of the 25 October 2011 shallow landslides occurred in the Pogliaschina Torrent basin (25 km
2
wide, Vara Valley), in order to investigate the influence of specific predisposing factors (land use, geological and structural setting, plan and profile curvature, slope angle and aspect) on landslide occurrence. For this purpose, both a landslide inventory map and a geology map (scale 1:10,000) were prepared. In addition, a database including the main geological, geomorphological, structural and land use features of the landslide source areas was implemented. The relationship between landslide source areas and the main predisposing factors was evaluated through spatial and statistical analysis.
Journal Article
Loess distribution and related Quaternary sediments in the Carpathian Basin
by
Lehmkuhl, Frank
,
Steffens, Stefanie
,
Bösken, Janina
in
aeolian sediments
,
Classification (sedimentation)
,
dust sources
2018
Supraregional (palaeo)geoecological studies require detailed knowledge of the distribution of aeolian sediments and their sources. Such spatial data can be visualised and shared in maps, but often these are constrained in their resolution or extent. This is the case for the Carpathian Basin, where cross-border maps are not detailed enough to answer many research questions. Problems occur especially along political borders due to different geological mapping standards and varying lithological definitions. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), we compiled a map showing the distribution of loess and related Quaternary sediments in the Carpathian Basin, with unprecedented detail. We vectorised and analysed existing data (mainly from geological maps) and combined and transferred these into a common (loess) sediment classification system. This cross-border map shows the distribution of aeolian sediments in the Carpathian Basin at a scale of 1:1,500,000. For the northwestern and the southern Carpathian Basin, we added maps that clarify the extent of late Pleistocene and Holocene terrace and floodplain deposits, which were merged in the
Main Map
to highlight the predominant dust source areas for this region.
Journal Article
Geomorphology and surface geology of Mount St. Helens volcano
2020
Mount St. Helens is a stratovolcano of the Cascadia volcanic arc well known worldwide for its volcanic collapse and eruption in 1980, which caused considerable destruction and changed the geomorphology of the volcano and of a considerable portion of its surroundings. This paper presents a geomorphology and surface-geology map of both the wider Mount St. Helens, Washington (USA), at the 1:50,000 scale, and of its crater, at the 1:25,000 scale. The map is obtained from the interpretation of two high-resolution, air-borne acquired, digital terrain models, LiDAR dataset, combined with Google Earth imaging, geological information and field surveys. The geomorphology of the area is largely dominated by landforms connected with the blast of 1980 and the dome extrusion of 2004, which also affected the shape of the main glacier in the crater.
Journal Article
Large landslides in the Alpine valleys of the Giudicarie and Schio-Vicenza tectonic domains (NE Italy)
by
Ivy-Ochs, Susan
,
Rigo, Manuel
,
Monegato, Giovanni
in
Earthquake damage
,
Earthquakes
,
Fault lines
2021
A comprehensive geomorphological and structural mapping of the largest landslides in the central-eastern Southern Alps (NE Italy) is presented. Their occurrence in this Alpine sector is discussed in relation with structural geological features (bedding and faults), which are largely conditioned by the Giudicarie and Schio-Vicenza regional fault systems. Tectonic rock damaging here coexists with high relief stored energy and active deformation, which is testified by present seismicity and cumulative earthquake moment release. Based on updated rock failure ages, slope activity is concentrated at 5-3 and 1 ka, as primarily enhanced by climatic and seismic controls. The analysis of predisposing and driving factors poses the question of present and future landslide hazards for these densely inhabited Alpine valleys.
Journal Article
Geology of the Victoria quadrangle (H02), Mercury
by
Rothery, D. A.
,
Palumbo, P.
,
Galluzzi, V.
in
Geologic mapping
,
Geological mapping
,
Geological surveys
2016
Mercury's quadrangle H02 'Victoria' is located in the planet's northern hemisphere and lies between latitudes 22.5° N and 65° N, and between longitudes 270° E and 360° E. This quadrangle covers 6.5% of the planet's surface with a total area of almost 5 million km
2
. Our 1:3,000,000-scale geologic map of the quadrangle was produced by photo-interpretation of remotely sensed orbital images captured by the MESSENGER spacecraft. Geologic contacts were drawn between 1:300,000 and 1:600,000 mapping scale and constitute the boundaries of intercrater, intermediate and smooth plains units; in addition, three morpho-stratigraphic classes of craters larger than 20 km were mapped. The geologic map reveals that this area is dominated by Intercrater Plains encompassing some almost-coeval, probably younger, Intermediate Plains patches and interrupted to the north-west, north-east and east by the Calorian Northern Smooth Plains. This map represents the first complete geologic survey of the Victoria quadrangle at this scale, and an improvement of the existing 1:5,000,000 Mariner 10-based map, which covers only 36% of the quadrangle.
Journal Article
Surficial geology and geomorphology of Greg crater, Promethei Terra, Mars
2020
Greg crater, located in Promethei Terra, Mars is a ∼66 km diameter impact crater. The crater has been widely studied, both in terms of its overall geomorphological evolution and, more specifically, its ice-rich landforms. One category of these, glacier-like forms, appears to be closely analogous to valley glaciers on Earth. However, Greg crater hosts many other features, the origins and inter-relationships between which are of continuing interest. Here, the surficial geology and geomorphology of Greg crater is presented, identifying seven distinct groups of terrain types or landforms. We identify and classify these based on their physical appearance, guided by published descriptions and interpretations to illustrate the wide variety of landforms and terrain types that, elsewhere, could be used to investigate landscape development.
Journal Article
Physical volcanology of Tseax Volcano, British Columbia, Canada
by
Quane, Steve
,
Russell, Kelly
,
Williams-Jones, Glyn
in
Aerial photography
,
Aerial surveys
,
Bathymeters
2020
Tseax volcano erupted ∼ 250 years ago in NW British Columbia, Canada producing tephra deposits and lava flows. Field mapping has defined the stratigraphy of Tseax and the lava flow morphologies. Aerial photogrammetry and bathymetry surveys were used to create a high resolution digital elevation model of the volcano to facilitate mapping and estimates of erupted material volumes. Tseax volcano (∼ 10.4 ± 0.7 × 10
6
m
3
) comprises an outer breached spatter rampart and an inner conical tephra cone. Tseax is associated with a 32 km long and 0.49 ± 0.08 km
3
basanite-to-tephrite lava flow field covering ∼ 36 km
2
and divided into 4 distinct lava flows with heterogeneous surface morphologies. We present a volcanological map of Tseax volcano at a scale of 1:22,500. This will serve as supporting information for further research on the eruptive history of Tseax volcano and the lava flow field emplacement.
Journal Article
Applying planetary mapping methods to submarine environments: onshore-offshore geomorphology of Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo Volcanic Group, Greece
by
Hooft, Emilie E. E.
,
Thompson, Lisa A.
,
Nomikou, Paraskevi
in
Digital Elevation Models
,
Environmental hazards
,
Geologic mapping
2021
Geologic maps are foundational products for natural hazard assessments but developing them for submarine areas is challenging due to a lack of physical access to the study area. In response, submarine geomorphologic maps are used to provide geologic context and spatial information on landforms and related geo-hazards for risk management. These maps are generated from remotely sensed data, e.g. digital elevation models (DEMs), which introduce unique hurdles to submarine mapping. To address this issue, we produced a workflow for applying planetary geologic mapping methods to submarine data. Using this, we created an onshore-offshore geomorphologic map of the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo Volcanic Group, Greece. This product can be used to enhance hazard assessments on Santorini, which is a tourist hot-spot at high risk for volcanically- and seismically-induced hazards. We present this workflow as a tool for generating uniform geomorphologic map products that will aid natural hazard assessments of submarine environments.
Journal Article
Surficial geology of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA
by
VanderMeer, Sarah M.
,
Kehew, Alan E.
,
Gillespie, Robb
in
Bedrock
,
Digital Elevation Models
,
Digital imaging
2020
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan along the southern shore of Lake Superior. The park spans approximately 300 km
2
and is almost fully incorporated within the ten 7.5-minute quadrangles presented in this new, detailed surficial geology map. The western quadrangles are mainly characterized by thin accumulations of undifferentiated Quaternary sediment above shallow bedrock while the eastern quadrangles mostly show thick accumulations of various glacial outwash units. This map was produced by integrating field data with a high-resolution LiDAR digital elevation model and associated hillshade, aerial imagery, and passive seismic data. The high-resolution elevation information was essential to differentiate between outwash units, post-glacial sand accumulations, and interpreting subtle glacial features that would have otherwise remained unrecognized. This new map provides fundamental information to help decipher the glacial history of this region to enhance our understanding of how this popular landscape developed.
Journal Article
Geomorphology of the upper Mkhomazi River basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with emphasis on late Pleistocene colluvial deposits
2021
We present a 1:50 000 scale geomorphological map of the upper Mkhomazi River basin, located in the foothills of the Drakensberg mountains in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The sub-horizontal strata of the Permo-Triassic Beaufort Group forms plateau interfluves with a concave valley slope morphology. Locally, thick sequences of late Pleistocene colluvial deposits and associated buried paleosols (Masotcheni Formation) infill first-order tributary stream valleys and extend across the adjacent lower slopes. Surface runoff processes preferentially incise into the poorly consolidated, highly erodible sediments causing severe gully erosion that is responsible for widespread land degradation and desertification phenomena. The main purpose of this work is to derive a geomorphological map of the study area focussing on the erosional landforms to understand their spatial distribution and their relation to the colluvial deposits. Finally, a local and regional stratigraphic correlation of colluvial deposits and associated buried palaeosol profiles is proposed.
Journal Article