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The Netherlands is home to one million citizens with roots in the former colonies Indonesia, Suriname and the Antilles. Entitlement to Dutch citizenship, pre-migration acculturation in Dutch language and culture as well as a strong rhetorical argument (‘We are here because you were there’) were strong assets of the first generation. This ‘postcolonial bonus’ indeed facilitated their integration. In the process, the initial distance to mainstream Dutch culture diminished. Postwar Dutch society went through serious transformations. Its once lilywhite population now includes two million non-Western migrants and the past decade witnessed heated debates about multiculturalism. The most important debates about the postcolonial migrant communities centered on acknowledgement and the inclusion of colonialism and its legacies in the national memorial culture. This resulted in state-sponsored gestures, ranging from financial compensation to monuments. The ensemble of such gestures reflect a guilt-ridden and inconsistent attempt to ‘do justice’ to the colonial past and to Dutch citizens with colonial roots. Postcolonial Netherlands is the first scholarly monograph to address these themes in an internationally comparative framework. Upon its publication in the Netherlands (2010) the book elicited much praise, but also serious objections to some of the author’s theses, such as his prediction about the diminishing relevance of postcolonial roots. Nederland telt ruim een miljoen burgers met wortels in de voormalige koloniën, Indonesië, Suriname en de Antillen. Juridisch staatsburgerschap, voorgaande bekendheid met de Nederlandse taal en cultuur en een sterk retorisch argument (‘Wij zijn hier omdat jullie daar waren’) gaven deze migranten een vergelijkenderwijs sterke uitgangspositie. Deze ‘postkoloniale bonus’ bevorderde de integratie, waarbij gaandeweg de verschillen tussen deze gemeenschappen en de bredere samenleving afnamen. Gelijktijdig veranderde die samenleving sterk. In 1945 had Nederland een roomblanke bevolking, vandaag telt twee miljoen niet-westerse migranten en worden heftige debatten gevoerd over multiculturalisme. De belangrijkste ideologische debatten van de afgelopen decennia rond de postkoloniale gemeenschap draaiden om erkenning en het opnemen in de nationale herdenkingscultuur van het kolonialisme en zijn erfenissen. Dit leidde tot een reeks officiële gebaren, variërend van financiële compensatie tot monumenten, waarin op schuldbewuste en vaak weinig consistente wijze ‘recht wordt gedaan’ aan het koloniale verleden en aan de afstammelingen van de koloniale onderdanen. Postcolonial Netherlands is het eerste boek dat deze thematiek systematisch behandeld en in vergelijkend perspectief plaatst. Het boek werd bij publicatie in Nederland (2010) overwegend positief ontvangen, al riepen de uitgesproken stellingen van de auteur over ‘het einde van de postkoloniale geschiedenis’ heftige tegenspraak op.

Black Girls demonstrates the relevance of colonial legacies in the stories of the Afro-Surinamese and the Eritrean women who, in the 1960s and 70s, migrated to the Netherlands and Italy, respectively, and became domestic workers there.

This study focuses on the emergence and persistence of immigrant organisations in host societies. The relevance of immigrant organisations for both the host society and the immigrants themselves has been effectively demonstrated in many different studies. However, the question why immigrant organisations emerge and why they often persist over a long period is not adequately answered. In this study a comparative approach is used to reveal the structural determinants of the immigrant organising process. Different theoretical perspectives are combined (immigration model, social movement theory and the organisational ecology model). It is this combination of models, which has not yet been done by other scholars, which determines the value of this study and the contribution to a better understanding of the immigrant organising process. A comparative method is used, analysing Turkish organisations in Amsterdam and Berlin and Surinamese organisations in Amsterdam (1960-2000), to explain the way in which the three explanatory models can be combined in one coherent explanation.

En Surinam, gran parte de la población tiene orígenes asiáticos. Existe poca información sobre su influencia en la literatura, así que siempre predomina la impresión de que la mayoría de sus habitantes son descendientes con raíces africanas. Sin embargo, desde hace poco queda claro que la contribución de las culturas chinas, indostaníes y javanesas son por lo menos tan significantes como las europeas, indígenas y africanas. Dos autores, Anil Ramdas y Karin Amatmoekrim, destacan por haber escrito obras en que la problemática del \"otro\", en este caso del migrante, tanto en Surinam como en Holanda, es central. Otra autora de ascendencia indostaní, Bea Vianen, escribió las primeras obras provocadoras sobre la posición de la mujer, además de acercarse al continente latinoamericano. In Suriname, a large part of the population has Asian roots. There is not much information about their influence in literature and, therefore, the main impression is that the majority of its inhabitants are descendants of African origin. However, it has recently become clear that the contribution of Chinese, Hindustan and Javanese cultures are at least as significant as the indigenous, European, and African ones. Two authors, Anil Ramdas and Karin Amatmoekrim, excel for having written novels in which the problematic of the \"other\", in this case of the migrant, to Suriname as well as to Holland, are central. Another author of Hindustan descent, Bea Vianen, wrote the first provocative novels about the position of women, in addition to her approach to the Latin American continent.

At present, politicians in the Netherlands tend to pay more attention to bridging cultural gaps between various ethnic groups than reducing class differences. In that context, it is frequently assumed that ethnic integration processes can be facilitated by establishing a mixed population. In order to reach that objective, municipalities and local housing associations are encouraged to realise heterogeneous residential areas. However, this kind of policy rests on the assumption of a clear relationship between a spatial mix of the population in ethnic terms and the level of integration in society. The validity of this assumption is challenged in this paper in its investigation of housing profiles for areas containing varying immigrant densities in Amsterdam. Micro-level spatial data for all (over 16 000) postal-code areas in the city were compiled to substantiate this claim. The rich data-set allowed a detailed comparison to be made of the housing situation outside, within and between various ethnic group concentration areas which were constructed from the postal-code areas. This paper discusses the findings for Surinamese and Moroccans, the two largest non-native groups in Amsterdam. It is shown that, in general, all the residential neighbourhoods identified have heterogeneous housing profiles. The results suggest that other factors should be taken into account in order to understand the spatial segregation of immigrant groups. Such factors particularly include economic restructuring, the welfare state—especially redistributive mechanisms—urban history, general housing policy and cultural orientation.

Attitudes and perceptions of Black (Surinamese) and White civilians during police questioning.

Despite widespread scepticism in receiving societies, migrants often remain loyal to their former homeland and stay active in the politics there. Beyond Dutch Borders is about such ties. Combining extensive fieldwork with quantitative data, this book compares how transnational political involvement among guest workers from Turkey and post-colonial migrants from Surinam living in the Netherlands has evolved over the past half-century. It looks at Turks seeking to improve their position in Dutch society, Kurds lobbying for equal rights in Turkey and Surinamese hoping to boost development in their country of origin. Sending-state governments, political parties and organisations are shown to be key shapers of transnational migrant politics both in opposition to, and support of, homeland ruling elites. Meanwhile, it becomes clear that migrants’ border-crossing loyalties and engagement have not dented their political integration in the receiving societies – quite the opposite. Certainly in this respect, the sceptics have been wrong.

This book explores the Dutch post-colonial migrant experience within the context of a wider European debate. Over 60 years and three generations of migration history is presented, while also surveying an impressive body of post-colonial literature, much of which has never reached an international audience. While other research focuses on one or, at most, two groups, post-colonial migrants are treated here as a distinct analytical category with a unique relationship to the receiving society. After all, over 90 per cent were Dutch citizens before even reaching the Netherlands, as they did in huge waves between 1945 and 1980. Together they constitute 6 per cent of today's Dutch population. So, how did they form their identities? What were relationships with locals like? How have second and third generations responded? Post-Colonial Immigrants and Identity Formations in the Netherlands offers the germane scholarship on one particular country with a particularly rich history to readers worldwide. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org.

Background This study aims to identify the relationships between health behaviours (healthy diet, physical activity, not smoking and social activity) and well-being among older adults with a Surinamese background. Methods Community-dwelling older adults (≥ 70 years) with a Surinamese background living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were identified by the municipal register. A survey study was conducted to assess background information, health behaviours (healthy diet, physical activity, not smoking and social activity) and well-being. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships of health behaviours with well-being while controlling for background characteristics. Results Average age of participants was 76.2 (4.9) years, slightly more than half of them were female (54.2%). Almost half of the participants had a low-income level (49.6%). More than half of the participants met the Dutch guidelines of fruit intake (63.0%) and vegetable intake (62.8%). Less than half of the participants met the guidelines of fish intake (40.9%) and physical activity (39.8%). The majority of the participants were non-smokers (87.9%). Most of the participants had daily contact with family/friends (90.9%) and slightly more than half of the participants visited family/friends often (53.6%). Looking at the health behaviours, a positive relationship was found between eating enough fruit ( β  = .109; p  ≤ 0.05) and vegetables ( β  = .135; p  ≤ 0.01), physical activity ( β  = .164; p  ≤ 0.001) and often visiting family/friends ( β  = .158; p  ≤ 0.001) with well-being. Conclusion This study suggests that next to traditional health behaviours also social activity is an essential health behaviour for the well-being of older Surinamese adults. Research about health promotion should expand its focus by including social activity as health behaviour.