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African American culture is often considered expressive, dramatic, and even defiant. InThe Sovereignty of Quiet, Kevin Quashie explores quiet as a different kind of expressiveness, one which characterizes a person's desires, ambitions, hungers, vulnerabilities, and fears. Quiet is a metaphor for the inner life, and as such, enables a more nuanced understanding of black culture.The book revisits such iconic moments as Tommie Smith and John Carlos's protest at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics and Elizabeth Alexander's reading at the 2009 inauguration of Barack Obama. Quashie also examines such landmark texts as Gwendolyn Brooks'sMaud Martha, James Baldwin'sThe Fire Next Time, and Toni Morrison'sSulato move beyond the emphasis on resistance, and to suggest that concepts like surrender, dreaming, and waiting can remind us of the wealth of black humanity.

How does democracy emerge from authoritarian rule? Certain influential theories contend that incumbents deliberately choose to share or surrender power. They do so to prevent revolution, motivate citizens to fight wars, incentivize governments to provide public goods, outbid elite rivals, or limit factional violence. Examining the history of all democratizations since 1800, I show that such deliberate-choice arguments may help explain up to about one-third of the cases. In more than two-thirds, the evidence suggests that democratization occurred not because incumbents chose it but because, while trying to prevent it, they made mistakes that weakened their hold on power. Rather than being granted by farsighted elites or forced on them by the rise of new classes, democracy appears to have spread most often because of incumbents’ missteps that triggered previously latent factors.

‘Discourses of climate delay’ pervade current debates on climate action. These discourses accept the existence of climate change, but justify inaction or inadequate efforts. In contemporary discussions on what actions should be taken, by whom and how fast, proponents of climate delay would argue for minimal action or action taken by others. They focus attention on the negative social effects of climate policies and raise doubt that mitigation is possible. Here, we outline the common features of climate delay discourses and provide a guide to identifying them. Through our collective observations as social scientists studying climate change, we describe 12 climate delay discourses and develop a typology based on their underlying logic. Delay discourses can be grouped into those that: (1) redirect responsibility; (2) push non-transformative solutions; (3) emphasize the downsides of climate policies; or (4) surrender to climate change. These discourses are distinct from climate denialism, climate-impact scepticism and ad hominem attacks, but are often used in combination to erode public and political support for climate policies. A deeper investigation of climate delay discourses is necessary in order to understand their prevalence and to develop inoculation strategies that protect the public from their intended effects. Our typology enables scientists, climate advocates and policymakers to recognize and counter these arguments when they are used. We urge all proponents of climate action to address these common misrepresentations of the climate crisis and to better communicate the dramatic pace of global warming, the gravity of its impacts and the possibility of effective and just mitigation policies. Discourses of climate delay: redirect responsibility, push non-transformative solutions, emphasize downsides, surrender.

CXCR4 is a G-Protein coupled receptor that is expressed nearly ubiquitously and is known to control cell migration via its interaction with CXCL12, the most ancient chemokine. The functions of CXCR4/CXCL12 extend beyond cell migration and involve the recognition and disposal of unhealthy or tumor cells. The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a relevant role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. Notably, CXCR4/CXCL12 cross-signal via the T and B cell receptors (TCR and BCR) and co-internalize with CD47, promoting tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages in an anti-tumor immune process called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). These specific activities in shaping the immune response might be exploited to improve current immunotherapies.

BackgroundA central construct in Schema Therapy (ST) is that of a schema mode, describing the current emotional-cognitive-behavioral state. Initially, 10 modes were described. Over time, with the world-wide increasing and broader application of ST to various disorders, additional schema modes were identified, mainly based on clinical impressions. Thus, the need for a new, theoretically based, cross-cultural taxonomy of modes emerged.MethodsAn international workgroup started from scratch to identify an extensive taxonomy of modes, based on (a) extending the theory underlying ST with new insights on needs, and (b) recent research on ST theory supporting that modes represent combinations of activated schemas and coping.ResultsWe propose to add two emotional needs to the original five core needs that theoretically underpin the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), i.e., the need for Self-Coherence, and the need for Fairness, leading to three new EMSs, i.e. Lack of a Coherent Identity, Lack of a Meaningful World, and Unfairness. When rethinking the purpose behind the different ways of coping with EMS-activation, we came up with new labels for two of those: Resignation instead of Surrender, and Inversion instead of Overcompensation. By systematically combining EMSs and ways of coping we derived a set of schema modes that can be empirically tested.ConclusionsWith this project, we hope to contribute to the further development of ST and its application across the world.

Consumers increasingly encounter recommender systems when making consumption decisions of all kinds. While numerous efforts have aimed to improve the quality of algorithm-generated recommendations, evidence has indicated that people often remain averse to superior algorithmic sources of information in favor of their own personal intuitions (a type II problem). The current work highlights an additional (type I) problem associated with the use of recommender systems: algorithm overdependence. Five experiments illustrate that, stemming from a belief that algorithms hold greater domain expertise, consumers surrender to algorithm-generated recommendations even when the recommendations are inferior. Counter to prior findings, this research indicates that consumers frequently depend too much on algorithm-generated recommendations, posing potential harms to their own well-being and leading them to play a role in propagating systemic biases that can influence other users. Given the rapidly expanding application of recommender systems across consumer domains, the authors believe that an appreciation and understanding of these risks is crucial to the effective guidance and development of recommendation systems that support consumer interests.

Introduction: Nonattachment is a flexible and balanced way of relating to experiences that involves accepting or allowing, instead of clinging to, expectations or outcomes. Advancing the understanding of how people relate to nonattachment is important because of the associated mental health benefits. Aims: To qualitatively explore awareness of, and resistance to, nonattachment in a UK-based yoga community. Methods: A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted based on transcripts of ten semi-structured interviews. Results: Findings indicated a general lack of consensus in understanding nonattachment, with explanatory themes of (i) resistance related to external forces conflicting with internal knowing, (ii) bracing for impact, and (iii) difficulty navigating how to embrace nonattachment. However, despite the participants' apparent implicit negativity towards nonattachment, they acknowledged its benefits for accommodating change. Conclusions: These findings have important implications for the wider adoption and application of nonattachment in applied settings. Keywords: nonattachment; surrender; reflexive thematic analysis; mental health

Inheritance plays a pivotal role in women’s economic empowerment. Following 2011′s criminal law amendment that sought to curb the denial of women’s inheritance rights in Pakistan, a trend of wilful surrender in favor of male kin, especially in south Punjab, is now becoming apparent. The study explores this trend by conceptualizing the social engineering of women’s inheritance choices through Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman’s theory of manufactured consent. The study explores the patriarchal forces which make women’s surrender an inevitable and, in many cases, an honorable choice. Through purposive sampling technique, 20 women were recruited as participants from Bahawalpur and were then interviewed following Heideggerian phenomenology. Thematic analysis was conducted to draw the findings. The findings of the study reveal that family, religion, folktales, traditional songs, school curriculum, and mainstream media play a crucial role in women’s lives and are highly influential in shaping their choices. All these variables guide women to opt for surrender as an honorable choice. The study recommends that women’s economic empowerment is needed at the grassroots level, for which the role of agents of socialization needs to be restructured rather than only law-making and awareness creation in isolation.

As the business environment becomes more turbulent, firms ponder how to become more flexible in reallocating or reconfiguring resources, processes, and strategies to respond more efficiently and effectively. In this context, the question of whether and how information technology (IT) can support strategic flexibility remains unresolved. This paper theorizes that firms that use IT to support core competencies will experience improved strategic flexibility, which may enhance their performance. It further theorizes that these effects are contingent on the form and nature of the firm's IT infrastructure, as well as its type of ownership - state-owned or private. Using data from a matched survey of IT and business executives in 148 Chinese manufacturing firms, we reveal positive, significant links between IT support for core competencies and strategic flexibility, and between strategic flexibility and firm performance. The findings further show that the effect of IT support for core competencies on performance is partially mediated by strategic flexibility, and that IT infrastructure positively moderates the link between IT support for core competencies and strategic flexibility. We also demonstrate that state-owned firms are less likely to apply IT applications to collect and analyse market information and thus surrender opportunities for achieving strategic flexibility and stronger firm performance.

BackgroundPeople experiencing homelessness have a profound bond with their pet. Pets can reduce loneliness, depression, criminal activity, substance misuse, and even self-harm in this population. In the UK, very few temporary homelessnessaccommodation providers accept pets. Faced with the decision to accept shelter or surrender their pet, most people choose to refuse shelter. Remaining homeless is linked to worsening physical, mental, and social health. There is little research exploring stakeholders’ experiences of having pets in housing, including how barriers and challenges to this can be managed in practice. This study aimed to explore the implementation of pet-friendly policies in UK temporary accommodation services to inform pet-policy guidance.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited through our practice partners’ networks and were sampled on accommodation pet-acceptance status (accommodation staff), pet-ownership status (accommodation residents), accommodation type and geographical location. Interviews with residents were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Interviews with professionals were analysed using Framework analysis. First, interviews were coded inductively, and then deductively by mapping codes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (domains in paratheses in Results).ResultsWe conducted interviews with 34 participants from across the UK (13 residents, 19 staff members, one homelessness housing commissioner and one staff member from a housing association). Residents and staff rarely encountered issues related to the presence of pets in housing. Pet owners who accessed pet-friendly housing found the pet-policies to be fair and acceptable. Staff recognised that providing care to residents encompassed supporting their relationship with their pet (Professional role and identity). They believed that enabling people to access housing with their pets ultimately helped with their transition from homelessness (Beliefs about consequences). Having pets in housing was perceived to add negligible time and burden to staff workload. One main barrier to pet-acceptance was insufficient space and inappropriate building infrastructure (Environmental context and resources). Professionals described approaches taken to manage challenges of pet-acceptance including having residents/staff fearful of, or allergic to, animals and poor animal welfare (Knowledge and Skills).ConclusionThe risks and costs of housing pets in temporary homelessness accommodation are minimal and are outweighed by the benefits to residents. With the appropriate measures, space and infrastructure, accommodation services can be pet-friendly in a way that respects the needs and wellbeing of residents, staff and animals. Pet-acceptance can be enhanced by providing accommodation providers with support to develop and implement pet-policies.