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This article assesses the structural power of the United States and China in the field of space governance. While much of the literature on space power focuses on their technologies and capabilities, we take a complementary approach and explore their capacity to shape the regulatory landscape. Possessing structural power has far-reaching implications for global power projection as well as for various industries, such as telecommunications, transportation, and remote sensing. To assess structural power, we gathered and analyzed three types of data: a dataset featuring 1,709 space organizations, a second dataset comprising 1,764 international space arrangements connecting them, and insights from fifty-two interviews with key space actors. Our findings indicate that the United States holds significant structural power thanks to its thriving commercial space sector and extensive international network. This has enabled the global diffusion of its preferred norms while simultaneously constraining China’s space cooperation network. Despite its remarkable technological capabilities, China has not been able to translate them into substantial global structural power. To encourage further exploration in this domain, we make available our original dataset of 1,764 space arrangements, including 970 in full-text format, inviting fellow researchers to investigate other facets of outer space governance.

Women's exclusion from the international relations (IR) canon has been widely documented, and many have undertaken to systematically address these exclusions. However, consideration of how women's exclusion is written into canonical texts is less well explored. This paper draws on folkloric approaches to understanding canon constitution to perform a close reading of disciplinary history texts. This paper considers these texts in parallel to Cinderella stories to understand the absence of “founding mothers” and illuminate how women's exclusion has been written into the canon as a natural absence. This paper builds on the growing literature about women's exclusion to document the specific ways in which how we write can reiterate exclusions within the canon. This is relevant to understanding these historical practices of exclusion and to reconsidering how we write the contemporary IR canon.

Abstract Hegemonic transition is typically associated with major power war. Relatively neglected is its association of systemic change with shifts in material and social infrastructure. This article develops a structural power model that highlights the importance of infrastructure to hegemonic control. It shows how the provision of systemic infrastructure connects the key structures of power in the international system, creating path dependencies and imposing switching costs. Using the example of China’s infrastructure-led grand strategy, we show how a new pathway to peaceful hegemonic change may become available through infrastructure provision, as existing infrastructure is repurposed, alternatives are provided, and new infrastructure at the leading edge of technological change is built to cater for the requirements of the future.

In the current debates over the future of the international liberal order, there is a missing element: multinational enterprises (MNEs). This paper looks at how any such discussion is incomplete without assessing the role played by MNEs in the global economy and argues that MNEs have emerged as the key actors in the global political economy. It does so by revisiting Susan Strange’s concept of structural power and how it explains the power and influence of MNEs vis-à-vis states. In doing so, the paper advances a framework of the international system as hierarchical—as opposed to anarchical—where states and firms compete for power. The paper conducts a brief literature review on hierarchies and structural power and then uses the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and its influence on global semiconductor value chains as a case study on the changing power dynamics between MNEs and states.

This article explores the international thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002), a major figure in the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea negotiations and (later in her life) a professor at Dalhousie University. Borgese's analysis of the nature of the Ocean led her to see the emerging system of maritime governance as a template for wider global governance. The fluidity of the Ocean, she argued, blurred terrestrial certainties, while the fundamental interdependence of its ecosystems means that its governance offers a new paradigm that can inform terrestrial governance. The Ocean has always been important, she argued, but that importance is now increasing. Thus, in Borgese's work, the Ocean emerges as more than a passive victim of human exploitation, and becomes a positive influence on humanity's future. Taking her work seriously helps international relations (IR) confront its own failure to engage with global physical realities and would be another step toward rewriting an IR for the Anthropocene.

Miriam Camps (1916–1994) was a US diplomat, journalist, economist, and scholar. Involved in the design of early postwar European integration organizations at the State Department in the 1940s, she remained at the center of US foreign policy formulation toward Europe until the late 1960s. Her practical experience as a formal and informal diplomat—from the late 1950s, Camps was affiliated with elite foreign policy think tanks—informed her output as a scholar. Like other female international thinkers and experts, she was well known in her time, but her contribution to both US foreign policy and scholarship on European integration has since been largely overlooked by historians of European integration and international relations scholars. This article explores Camps’ scholarship and her contribution to the field of European Studies. It asks why we know so little about Camps and advocates revisiting early European integration research and integrate individuals with more variegated careers into the founding history of the discipline.

The story of how International Relations in Britain was organised before the setting up of BISA in 1975 has been largely forgotten. This paper recovers that history and shows that it links directly back to the interwar years, when the British Coordinating Committee for International Studies was set up as part of the League of Nations-linked International Studies Conferences. S.H. Bailey, a long-forgotten junior scholar at the LSE, almost single-handedly pioneered what was after 1945 to become the norm of national academic associations and conferences for IR.

Strange points out the reversal of the state-market balance of power: the state is undergoing a metamorphosis brought on by structural change in world society and economy. Kagan says that on the all-important question of power, the efficacy of power, the morality of power, the desirability of power, American and European perspectives are diverging. Strange explains that the break-up of empires, the decline of a former great power, opens up more possibilities of misperceptions.