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"Sustainable Aquaculture"
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Promoting sustainable shrimp farming: balancing environmental goals, awareness, and socio-cultural factors in the Mekong Delta aquaculture
Shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta significantly impacts the environment, primarily through untreated effluents. This study evaluates environmental effects and socio-cultural factors influencing shrimp farming. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), 87 shrimp farming households across six coastal provinces we surveyed and analyzed data with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings reveal critical water pollution concerns, with a substantial gap in adopting effective environmental measures. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in intensive farming averaged 1.59, indicating feed inefficiencies. Water quality analysis showed 85.7% of farms rely on untreated river water, exacerbating pollution risks. Widespread antibiotic use and the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes highlight the urgent need for sustainable practices. Regression analysis indicated farmer attitudes significantly predict environmental concern and intentions toward sustainable practices, accounting for 66.6% of the variance in environmental concern. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance sustainable shrimp farming, emphasizing the role of attitude and awareness in environmental stewardship. These results provide a valuable framework for policymakers and practitioners to foster sustainability in aquaculture, benefiting both the environment and shrimp farmers’ livelihoods through effective water treatment technologies.
Journal Article
The blue revolution : hunting, harvesting, and farming seafood in the information age
\"Overfishing. For the world's oceans, it's long been a worrisome problem with few answers. Many of the global fish stocks are at a dangerous tipping point, some spiraling toward extinction. But as older fishing fleets retire and new technologies develop, a better, more sustainable way to farm this popular protein has emerged to profoundly shift the balance. The Blue Revolution tells the story of the recent transformation of commercial fishing: an encouraging change from maximizing volume through unrestrained wild hunting to maximizing value through controlled harvesting and farming. Entrepreneurs applying newer, smarter technologies are modernizing fisheries in unprecedented ways. In many parts of the world, the seafood on our plates is increasingly the product of smart decisions about ecosystems, waste, efficiency, transparency, and quality.\"-- Amazon.
BOOK
Exploring the Efficacy of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) for Nutrient Recycling and Productivity Enhancement in Marshlands
In this research paper, we present the research comparing the effectiveness of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems other conventional single – species practices in coastal aquaculture. By the means of the setting of a model with the period coming for one year during which we offer the efficiency of nutrient recycling and productivity level of IMTA and its impact on the environment, we prove the supremacy of this integration. The results demonstrate that IMTA effectively recycles nutrients, since nitrates and phosphates levels are significantly lower, and hence the risk of eutrophication and ecological threat are reduced. Additionally, IMTA systems exhibit a higher productivity; even to the lesser known secondary and tertiary species, this system produces increased biomass yields. Besides, this system is ecologically and economically sustainable. In IMTA, eutrophication events are also eliminated, extending the possibility of ocean farmers striving to combat the degradation of the aquatic environment often brought by conventional aquaculture. The obtained results strongly indicate the validity of IMTA as an agricultural direction that does not conflict with environmental values of our society and offers more productive alternatives for sustainable aquaculture activities.
Journal Article
Assessing Consumer Valuation of Sustainability Certification in Seafood Products: Insight from a Discrete Choice Experiment of Korean Blue Food Market
This study utilizes a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to estimate consumer valuation of sustainable aquaculture certification for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), one of the most important imported seafood products in South Korea. This experiment investigates consumer preferences across five product attributes: country of origin, product type, preparation method, sustainability certification, and price. Data were collected through an online survey administered by a professional research firm that yielded 24,000 valid choice observations from 1000 respondents. Conditional logit estimates revealed that all specified attributes significantly influenced consumer choices among seafood alternatives. Among the key product attributes, sustainability certification has emerged as the most influential factor affecting consumer decisions. The marginal willingness to pay for sustainably certified aquaculture is estimated to be USD 1.33 per 100 g. These findings provide valuable insights for seafood marketers and policymakers who seek to promote sustainable aquaculture in South Korea.
Journal Article
A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture
The sustainability of aquaculture has been debated intensely since 2000, when a review on the net contribution of aquaculture to world fish supplies was published in
Nature
. This paper reviews the developments in global aquaculture from 1997 to 2017, incorporating all industry sub-sectors and highlighting the integration of aquaculture in the global food system. Inland aquaculture—especially in Asia—has contributed the most to global production volumes and food security. Major gains have also occurred in aquaculture feed efficiency and fish nutrition, lowering the fish-in–fish-out ratio for all fed species, although the dependence on marine ingredients persists and reliance on terrestrial ingredients has increased. The culture of both molluscs and seaweed is increasingly recognized for its ecosystem services; however, the quantification, valuation, and market development of these services remain rare. The potential for molluscs and seaweed to support global nutritional security is underexploited. Management of pathogens, parasites, and pests remains a sustainability challenge industry-wide, and the effects of climate change on aquaculture remain uncertain and difficult to validate. Pressure on the aquaculture industry to embrace comprehensive sustainability measures during this 20-year period have improved the governance, technology, siting, and management in many cases.
The volume of global aquaculture production has tripled since 2000 with positive trends in environmental performance, but the sector faces mounting challenges including pathogen management, pollution, climate change, and increasing dependence on land-based resource systems.
Journal Article
Effects of stocking density on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, and economic efficiency of a new strain of Oreochromis niloticus reared in cage culture system at Sindh Pakistan
The latest strain of Oreochromis niloticus is an altered ecological adaptation for sustainable aquaculture and is necessary to sustain stocking density and reduce physiological stress of the new strain. The present study aimed to determine the optimum stocking density, biological performance, and economic efficiency of the Nile tilapia. The 14,000 healthy seeds and uniform weight (40 ± 2.4 g) sex‐reversed Oreochromis niloticus were stocked in four cages, which are cage (1) 20 fish/m3, cage (2) 30 fish/m3, cage (3) 40 fish/m3, and cage (4) 50 fish/m3. The fish were fed 30% dietary protein and feeding frequency three times per day and the feeding rate adjusted according to the fish body weight. Results showed a significantly higher growth, weight gain, and specific growth rate in Nile tilapia stocking density on cage (1), 20 fish/m3 and cage (2), 30 fish/m3 compared to cage (3), 40 fish/m3 and cage (4), 50 fish/m3 (p < .05). The survival and growth rate showed an inverse relationship with stocking density. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the lowest in cage (1) and cage (2), which is significantly different from those of other cages (p < .05). The profit index (%) was significantly higher at low density. There was no significant variation in the HSI, VSI and CF. The digestive enzymes such as lipase and amylase were secreted highly in the cages (3) and (4) but high protease was secreted in cage (1). The lipid, ash, and protein of the whole fish were reduced to a lower density, but the moisture levels in the fish bodies raised significantly (p < .05) with increasing stocking density. The phenomenal regression indicates that 25–35 fish/m3 are optimum stocking density for Nile tilapia in the cage culture system. The current study has made significant step toward optimizing the stocking density of a new strain and developing cage culture in Pakistan. This study investigated the optimum stocking density, biological performance, and economic efficiency of the new strain of Oreochromis niloticus. The monosex seeds with uniform weight were stocked in cages. The fish were fed 30% crude protein (CP) and feeding frequency (FF) 3d‐1 and feeding rate 5% body weight (BW) d‐1. Results showed a significantly (p < .05) higher growth in cage (2), 30 fish/m3 compared to others. According to the polynomial regression, the optimum density for Oreochromis niloticus is 25–35 fish/m3 for the sustainable cage culture system.
Journal Article
The assessment of sustainable aquaculture model to improve the aquatic environment and productivity in the Indonesian coastal area
To study and review the Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) model of the closed system (CSIMTA) and open system (OSIMTA), experiments were carried out to determine their performance in improving the quality of the aquatic environment and productivity in the northern coastal area of Karawang, West Java and the southern coastal area of Bantaeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, respectively. The CSIMTA model experiment used four treatment models: Treatment model T-1 contained tiger prawns ( Penaeus monodon ) only, treatment model T-2 contained tiger prawns and saline tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), treatment model T-3 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, and seaweed ( Gracillaria verrucosa ), and treatment model T-4 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels ( Perna viridis ). Meanwhile, the study of OSIMTA was carried out by measuring the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment. The results of the CSIMTA model show that aquaculture containing tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels of the T-4 was more productive and the quality of the aquatic environment was more stable than the other three treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3). In the T-4, a bio-recycling system worked well where seaweed utilized the liquid waste resulting from the dissolution of feed residues and excrement from saline tilapia and tiger prawns as a nutrient supply for growth. Then, the organic waste was used by the green mussels as a feed source. The bio-recycling system also worked in the OSIMTA.
Journal Article
Environmental, economic, and social sustainability in aquaculture: the aquaculture performance indicators
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production technology, but there are significant concerns related to its environmental impact and adverse social effects. We examine aquaculture outcomes in a three pillars of sustainability framework by analyzing data collected using the Aquaculture Performance Indicators. Using this approach, comparable data has been collected for 57 aquaculture systems worldwide on 88 metrics that measure social, economic, or environmental outcomes. We first examine the relationships among the three pillars of sustainability and then analyze performance in the three pillars by technology and species. The results show that economic, social, and environmental outcomes are, on average, mutually reinforced in global aquaculture systems. However, the analysis also shows significant variation in the degree of sustainability in different aquaculture systems, and weak performance of some production systems in some dimensions provides opportunity for innovative policy measures and investment to further align sustainability objectives.
Publication
Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan
Pearl farming (PF) represents a significant portion of the world’s total aquaculture production and is a growing multibillion-dollar sector of mollusk aquaculture. However, PF in Mie Prefecture, Japan, has resulted in the deterioration of environmental conditions in Ago Bay, and its environmental impacts are yet to be evaluated using a life-cycle assessment (LCA). Thus, in this study, a cradle-to-gate LCA using 1 kg of pearl produced in Ago Bay was conducted. The key results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) was equivalent to 4.98 kg CO2, which is lower than the GWPs of metals, such as gold and silver, commonly used in jewelry production. Meanwhile, the waste handling of PF is progressing, with current efforts being focused on extracting calcium carbonate, exporting shell waste, and reducing plastic waste. These findings provide critical insights for achieving sustainable pearl production aquaculture.
Journal Article