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"Sustainable water management"
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Assessing the Groundwater Reserves of the Udaipur District, Aravalli Range, India, Using Geospatial Techniques
Population increase has placed ever-increasing demands on the available groundwater (GW) resources, particularly for intensive agricultural activities. In India, groundwater is the backbone of agriculture and drinking purposes. In the present study, an assessment of groundwater reserves was carried out in the Udaipur district, Aravalli range, India. It was observed that the principal aquifer for the availability of groundwater in the studied area is quartzite, phyllite, gneisses, schist, and dolomitic marble, which occur in unconfined to semi-confined zones. Furthermore, all primary chemical ingredients were found within the permissible limit, including granum. We also found that the average annual rainfall days in a year in the study area was 30 from 1957 to 2020, and it has been found that there are chances to receive surplus rainfall once in every five deficit rainfall years. Using integrated remote sensing, GIS, and a field-based spatial modeling approach, it was found that the dynamic GW reserves of the area are 637.42 mcm/annum, and the total groundwater draft is 639.67 mcm/annum. The deficit GW reserves are 2.25 mcm/annum from an average rainfall of 627 mm, hence the stage of groundwater development is 100.67% and categorized as over-exploited. However, as per the relationship between reserves and rainfall events, surplus reserves are available when rainfall exceeds 700 mm. We conclude that enough static GW reserves are available in the studied area to sustain the requirements of the drought period. For the long-term sustainability of groundwater use, controlling groundwater abstraction by optimizing its use, managing it properly through techniques such as sprinkler and drip irrigation, and achieving more crop-per-drop schemes, will go a long way to conserving this essential reserve, and create maximum groundwater recharge structures.
Journal Article
Water governance for sustainable development
The control and governance of water is one of the critical issues of the 21st century. This text shows that, in recent years, water policies, institutions and governance have shifted from technical, quantitative, supply-driven management to more demand-sensitive, qualitative, participatory, integrated approaches.
Book
Water Accounting Using Satellite Products and Water Accounting Plus Framework in a Semi-Arid Betwa River Basin, India
The emerging water crisis in India can be preempted by improving watershed management. The data scare regions need open access satellite observations to mitigate watershed problems. The water accounting plus (WA+) and open access earth observation datasets were applied to quantify the beneficial and non-beneficial water consumption in the Betwa River basin, Central India. The PERSIANN and CHIRPS precipitations were evaluated. Based on significant statistical relations with IMD rainfall, CHIRPS was found to be the best precipitation product. The seasonal water yield from PERSIANN depicts that the high water yield in the basin is associated with the July and August months of the monsoon season, with water yields of 240 mm/month and 120 mm/month, respectively, while CHIRPS showed higher water yields during the monsoon season, especially in July and August, with water yield amounts of 290 mm/month and 200 mm/month, respectively. The largest water consuming land use class is irrigated crops–cereals, which cover 62.06% of the total area of the basin. The amount of non-beneficial ET is almost twice the beneficial ET. The outcomes of this research will be helpful for sustainable water management, strategy development, and policy making.
Journal Article
Framework for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Context of Governance, Infrastructure, Technology and Economics
Administrators of urban water institutions face huge challenges in ensuring water rights and water security of the citizens of ever-expanding cities. The concept of sustainable water management system enables the utilities to keep the gap between water demand and supply under control. The transformation from traditional urban water management system to sustainable urban water management system creates a hybrid system in Indian cities. Sustainable urban water management depends upon local and global factors of governance, technology, water economics and water infrastructure of the cities. A conceptual framework is developed to compute sustainability of water management system of Indian cities. This framework considers governance, infrastructure, technology and economics of water system of the city to compute the sustainability.
Journal Article
New strategy based on Hammerstein–Wiener and supervised machine learning for identification of treated wastewater salinization in Al-Hassa region, Saudi Arabia
The agricultural sector faces challenges in managing water resources efficiently, particularly in arid regions dealing with water scarcity. To overcome water stress, treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly utilized for irrigation purpose to conserve available freshwater resources. There are several critical aspects affecting the suitability of TWW for irrigation including salinity which can have detrimental effects on crop yield and soil health. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel approach for TWW salinity prediction using artificial intelligent (AI) ensembled machine learning approach. In this regard, several water quality parameters of the TWW samples were collected through field investigation from the irrigation zones in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, which were later assessed in the lab. The assessment involved measuring Temperature (T), pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Salinity, through an Internet of Things (IoT) based system integrated with a real-time monitoring and a multiprobe device. Based on the descriptive statistics of the data and correlation obtained through the Pearson matrix, the models were formed for predicting salinity by using the Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The models’ performance was evaluated using several statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R
2
), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the HWM-M3 model with its superior predictive capabilities achieved the best performance, with R
2
values of 82% and 77% in both training and testing stages. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-ensembled machine learning approach for accurate TWW salinity prediction, promoting the safe and efficient utilization of TWW for irrigation in water-stressed regions. The findings contribute to a growing body of research exploring AI applications for sustainable water management.
Journal Article
The water sensitive city
\"This book advocates a more thoughtful approach to urban water management. The approach involves reducing water consumption, harvesting rainwater, recycling rainwater and adopting Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) where surface water is not sent straight to drains but is intercepted by features like green roofs, rain gardens, swales and ponds.Cities in particular need to change the existing linear model of water consumption and use to a more circular one in order to survive. The Water Sensitive City brings together the various specialised technical discussions that have been continuing for some time into a volume that is more accessible to designers (engineers and architects), urban planners and managers, and policymakers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Scientific Mapping of Research on Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable Water Management
Nature-based solutions (NBS), including the protection and restoration of ecosystems, can provide a major contribution to global sustainable water resources management (WRM) in both urban and rural areas, yet the knowledge base essential for facilitating widespread uptake is lacking. The objective of this paper is to identify the main developments and trends in NBS-related research over time, including areas for future research. A bibliometric approach is used to quantitatively analyze relevant publications indexed in the Web of Science database from 1990 to 2018. The study identifies five thematic hotspots within the research landscape and several areas for future research, including the evaluation of ecosystem services provided, design and implementation at the landscape scale and consideration of cultural aspects, to push forward operationalization.
Journal Article