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Sugar metabolism influences the quality of sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharate Sturt) kernels, which is a major goal for maize breeding. In this study, the genome-wide transcriptomes from two supersweet corn cultivars (cv. Xuetian 7401 and Zhetian 11) with a nearly two-fold difference in kernel sugar content were carried out to explore the genes related to kernel sugar metabolism. In total, 45,748 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kernels and 596 DEGs in leaves were identified. PsbS, photosynthetic system II subunit S, showed two isoforms with different expression levels in leaf tissue between two cultivars, indicating that this gene might influence sugar accumulation in the kernel. On the other hand, hexokinases and beta-glucosidase genes involved in glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism were found in developing kernels with a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of developing kernels, which might contribute to the overaccumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides and an increase in the sweetness in the kernels of Xuetian 7401. These results indicated that kernel sugar accumulation in sweet corn might be influenced by both photosynthesis efficiency and the sugar metabolism rate. Our study supplied a new insight for breeding new cultivars with high sugar content and laid the foundation for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of kernel sugar content in corn.

This study was conducted in the Agriculture research station of Chamchamal in Sulymaniyah / Iraq, on 3rd July 2022. Was designed using a completely randomized block design (CRBD) 4*4 with three replications. The arrangement of treatment is as follows, the first treatment was chemical fertilizer (NPK) consisting of four levels (0, 50, 75and 100) % of recommended application dose. The second treatment of two types of poultry manure (0, 4ton ha −1 domestic, 4ton ha −1 imported, and 2ton ha −1 from domestic and imported), results obtained from this study can conclude as follows. All parameters (Plant height, Number of leaves, Leaf area, Stem diameter, Biomass, and Chlorophyll content in heaves) significantly differ is by levels of chemical and organic fertilizers compared with control, the combination between 50% of recommended chemical fertilizer and 2 ton ha −1 of both organic fertilizer gave the highest value for all parameters.

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W1, W2, and W3, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray concentrations represented 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1 coded as N1, N2, M1, and M2, respectively. Results showed that nano and metallic boron concentrations significantly affected all the studied traits. The concentration of 5 mg L-1 of nano boron N1 significantly exceeded other concentrations under study in increasing ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, and weight of 500 grains, which positively reflected on improving grain yield of 5.93 and 5.96 t ha-1. The interaction between water stress treatments and nano and metallic boron concentrations was significant for all the studied traits except for ear length.

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of different ratios of excipient (millet hull or wheat bran) and LAB inoculation on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of a mixed silage of SCPBs. The preliminary experimental results showed that inoculating with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) directly in the fresh sweet corn processing byproduct (SCPBs) silage had a higher ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN) ratio and lower silage fermentation quality due to high moisture content. Subsequently, millet hull or wheat bran were mixed with SCPBs in a 7:3 (T1), 8:2 (T2), and 9:1 (T3) ratio and ensiled with LAB. Under the condition of each mixing ratio, the silage treatments were categorized into groups without any additives (control) and with LAB. Fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, chemical composition, and energy values were determined after 45 days of silage. The pH, AN/TN, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin were lowest in the SCPBs and millet hull mixed silage (SMH) group under the T3 treatment, whereas they were lowest in the SCPBs and wheat bran mixed silage (SWB) group under the T2 treatment. The mean lactic acid and acetic acid values were higher in the SWB group than in the SMH group (6.92, 6.81 vs. 4.00, 4.52). Under the T3 treatment in the SMH group, AN/TN was significantly reduced with the addition of LAB (4.52 vs. 4.37, p < 0.05). The SMH group had the highest crude protein (CP) under the T3 treatment, whereas the SWB group had the highest CP under the T2 treatment. The mean CP in the SWB group was higher than that of the SMH group (18.17, 19.44 vs. 10.55, 10.55). Under the T1 treatment, in the SWB group, the addition of LAB resulted in a significant increase in in vitro crude protein digestibility (p < 0.05). The results showed that silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibilitv55y improved with the addition of LAB. The optimum mixing ratio for the SWB group was 9:1 and 8:2 for the SMH group.

This study aimed to determine the agronomic performance of sweet corn plants due to the administration of colchicine to seeds that had germinated and were soaked in colchicine with different soaking durations. The study used a Randomized Group Design with treatments consisting of sprouts not soaked in colchicine (control), soaked for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours. Each treatment was repeated 3 times with a total observation sample of 5 plants/plots. The variables evaluated included the number of cobs/plant, cob length, cob diameter, cob fresh weight with clobber, cob fresh weight without clobber, number of seeds/row, number of seeds/circle, seed hardness, total soluble solids, stomatal length, width, and area, and stomatal density. The results showed that soaking the sprouts in 600 ppm colchicine for 20 hours gave larger sweet corn cobs and larger stomata. The longer soaking resulted in the highest seed hardness but low total soluble solids.

Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the amino acid compositions of Chinese Huangnuo 9 fresh sweet–waxy corn from three different provinces in China—Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Province. Moreover, we established a nutritive evaluation system based on amino acid profiles to evaluate, compare, and rank the fresh sweet–waxy corn planted in different regions. A total of 17 amino acids were quantified, and the amino acid composition of fresh sweet–waxy corn was analyzed and evaluated. The amino acid quality was determined by the amino acid pattern spectrum, chemical evaluations (including CS, AAS, EAAI, BV, U(a,u), NI, F, predict PER, and PDCAAS), flavor evaluation, amino acid matching degree evaluation, and the results of the factor analysis. The results showed that the protein content of fresh corn 1–1 from Inner Mongolia was the highest (40.26 ± 0.35 mg/g), but the factor analysis results, digestion, and absorption efficiency of fresh corn 1–2 were the best. The amino acid profile of fresh corn 1–1 was closest to each evaluation’s model spectrum. The results of the diversity evaluations in fresh corn 3–2 were the best, and fresh corn 3–3 had the most essential amino acid content. A total of 17 amino acids in fresh corn were divided into three principal component factor analyses: functional principal components (Leu, Pro, Glu, His, Ile, Ser, Met, Val, Tyr, Thr), regulatory principal components (Lys, Gly, Ala, Asp, Arg, Trp), and protection principal components (Phe). The scores of the three principal components and the comprehensive score in fresh corn 1–2 were all the highest, followed by 3–3 and 1–1. The amino acid nutritional values of fresh corn 1–2 were the highest in 12 samples.

Four sweet corn varieties (Zea mays ssp. Saccharata), Gold Rush (v1) and Chocolate (v2), originated from Japan and 001(v3), and 003 (V4) are France originated, were cultivated under the effect of three different levels of nitrogen fertilization (120, 170and 230 ) kg ha-1as (N1, N2, and N3) in two different locations in Sulaimani region (Bakrajo and Kanipanka), Iraqi Kurdistan Region in order to investigate the effects of some environmental and climatic factors on growth performance and yield quality of sweet corn varieties in the open field. By using a factorial experiment within RCBD with three replications, the results revealed that indicated to significant differences in the response of four varieties under the effect of the Nitrogen fertilization levels in both locations in the criteria concerned with sweetness such as TS%,TSS%, and NSS%, while the significant effect of Nitrogen levels N2 and N3 were revealed in quality related criteria TS% and TSS% in both locations.

Fresh sweet corn has a series of physiological and biochemical reactions after picking due to the high moisture content, leading to damaged nutritional value. Rapid freezing of sweet corn after harvest can minimize tissue damage and quality deterioration. In this study, freshly harvested sweet corn was frozen by ultrasound-assisted freezing, brine freezing, strong wind freezing, and refrigerator freezing. The effects of different freezing methods on hardness, water loss, color, epidermal structure, soluble solids content, soluble sugars content, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of frozen sweet corn during storage were investigated. The results showed that brine freezing and strong wind freezing could effectively reduce the quality loss of sweet corn, keep the color, soluble sugars, and soluble solids content of the sweet corn, delay the decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, and maintain the quality of sweet corn during long term storage.

This study aimed to enhance the utilization value of sweet corn cob, an agricultural cereal byproduct. Sweet corn cob polysaccharide-ron (III) complexes were prepared at four different temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C). It was demonstrated that the complexes prepared at different temperatures were successfully bound to iron (III), and there was no significant difference in chemical composition; and SCCP-Fe-C demonstrated the highest iron content. The structural characterization suggested that sweet corn cob polysaccharide (SCCP) formed stable β-FeOOH iron nuclei with −OH and −OOH. All the four complexes’ thermal stability was enhanced, especially in SCCP-Fe-C. In vitro iron (III) release experiments revealed that all four complexes were rapidly released and acted as iron (III) supplements. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition studies revealed that the biological activities of all four complexes were enhanced compared with those of SCCP. SCCP-Fe-B and SCCP-Fe-C exhibited the highest in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition abilities. This study will suggest using sweet corn cobs, a natural agricultural cereal byproduct, in functional foods. Furthermore, we proposed that the complexes prepared from agricultural byproducts can be used as a potential iron supplement.