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"Symbolic communication"
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Developmental Trajectories in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: The First 3 Years
Retrospective studies indicate 2 major classes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) onset: early and later, after a period of relatively healthy development. This prospective, longitudinal study examined social, language, and motor trajectories in 235 children with and without a sibling with autism, ages 6–36 months. Children were grouped as: ASD identified by 14 months, ASD identified after 14 months, and no ASD. Despite groups' initial similar developmental level at 6 months, ASD groups exhibited atypical trajectories thereafter. Impairment from 14 to 24 months was greater in the Early-ASD than the Later-ASD group, but comparable at 36 months. Developmental plateau and regression occurred in some children with ASD, regardless of timing of ASD diagnosis. Findings indicate a preclinical phase of varying duration for ASD.
Journal Article
The Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility in Network Societies: A Communication View
The paper introduces the communication view on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which regards CSR as communicatively constructed in dynamic interaction processes in today's networked societies. Building on the idea that communication constitutes organizations we discuss the potentially indeterminate, disintegrative, and conflictual character of CSR. We hereby challenge established mainstream views on CSR such as the instrumental view, which regards CSR as an organizational instrument to reach organizational aims such as improved reputation and financial performance, and the political-normative view on CSR, which highlights the societal conditions and role of corporations in creating norms. We argue that both the established views, by not sufficiently acknowledging communication dynamics in networked societies, remain biased in three ways: control-biased, consistency-biased, and consensus-biased. We discuss implications of these biases and propose a future research agenda for the communication view on CSR.
Journal Article
Symbolic gestures and spoken language are processed by a common neural system
Symbolic gestures, such as pantomimes that signify actions (e.g., threading a needle) or emblems that facilitate social transactions (e.g., finger to lips indicating \"be quiet\"), play an important role in human communication. They are autonomous, can fully take the place of words, and function as complete utterances in their own right. The relationship between these gestures and spoken language remains unclear. We used functional MRI to investigate whether these two forms of communication are processed by the same system in the human brain. Responses to symbolic gestures, to their spoken glosses (expressing the gestures' meaning in English), and to visually and acoustically matched control stimuli were compared in a randomized block design. General Linear Models (GLM) contrasts identified shared and unique activations and functional connectivity analyses delineated regional interactions associated with each condition. Results support a model in which bilateral modality-specific areas in superior and inferior temporal cortices extract salient features from vocal-auditory and gestural-visual stimuli respectively. However, both classes of stimuli activate a common, left-lateralized network of inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions in which symbolic gestures and spoken words may be mapped onto common, corresponding conceptual representations. We suggest that these anterior and posterior perisylvian areas, identified since the mid-19th century as the core of the brain's language system, are not in fact committed to language processing, but may function as a modality-independent semiotic system that plays a broader role in human communication, linking meaning with symbols whether these are words, gestures, images, sounds, or objects.
Journal Article
Death, Dying, and Funerals of Central European Habsburgs in the Early Modern Period
The study offers a comparative view of the rituals associated with dying, death, and funerals of the Central European Habsburgs in the early modern period. The authors first attempt to place the topic within the historiographical framework of current research. They also pay attention to the heuristic basis on which the phenomenon can be studied. Further on in the text, they gradually reveal the course of the Habsburgs’ illnesses immediately preceding their deaths, the rituals associated with the different lengths of time the dying spent on their deathbeds, their deaths, autopsies, funerals, and subsequent mourning ceremonies, including the dissemination of information about the deaths of Central European Habsburgs to various parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Holy Roman Empire, and other European countries. The study concludes with a reflection on the representation of imperial majesty in the allegorical language of mourning ceremonies.
Journal Article
Self‐Construal, Reference Groups, and Brand Meaning
We propose that consumers purchase brands in part to construct their self‐concepts and, in so doing, form self‐brand connections. We focus on reference groups as a source of brand meaning. Results from two studies show that brands with images consistent with an ingroup enhance self‐brand connections for all consumers, whereas brands with images that are consistent with an outgroup have a stronger negative effect on independent versus interdependent consumers. We propose that this differential effect is due to stronger self‐differentiation goals for consumers with more independent self‐concepts. We also find greater effects for more symbolic than for less symbolic brands.
Journal Article
(Re) configurations of Symbolist Poetry under the Sphere of the Than-atotic Imaginary
This paper discusses Maria Racu’s exegetical volume - The Thanatotic Imaginary in the Lyric of George Bacovia and Ion Minulescu. The theme addressed by the author, perhaps more topical than ever, illustrates the symbolic representations of the imaginary of death/Thanatos in the poetry of our two poets: George Bacovia and Ion Minulescu. This article follows Maria Racu’s research approach, identifying the reading grids and the aspects of novelty in the space of the literary imaginary. The directions of analysis will include images of temporality, Bacovian space and hypostases of the erotic in Minulescu’s poems, as well as catamorphic symbols in symbolist poetry.
Journal Article