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"System failures"
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To forgive design : understanding failure
This book argues that failures in structural engineering are not necessarily due to the physical design of the structures, but instead a misunderstanding of how cultural and socioeconomic constraints would affect the structures.
Book
Verification, Validation, and Testing of Engineered Systems
Systems' Verification Validation and Testing (VVT) are carried out throughout systems' lifetimes. Notably, quality-cost expended on performing VVT activities and correcting system defects consumes about half of the overall engineering cost. Verification, Validation and Testing of Engineered Systems provides a comprehensive compendium of VVT activities and corresponding VVT methods for implementation throughout the entire lifecycle of an engineered system. In addition, the book strives to alleviate the fundamental testing conundrum, namely: What should be tested? How should one test? When should one test? And, when should one stop testing? In other words, how should one select a VVT strategy and how it be optimized?
The book is organized in three parts: The first part provides introductory material about systems and VVT concepts. This part presents a comprehensive explanation of the role of VVT in the process of engineered systems (Chapter-1). The second part describes 40 systems' development VVT activities (Chapter-2) and 27 systems' post-development activities (Chapter-3). Corresponding to these activities, this part also describes 17 non-testing systems' VVT methods (Chapter-4) and 33 testing systems' methods (Chapter-5). The third part of the book describes ways to model systems' quality cost, time and risk (Chapter-6), as well as ways to acquire quality data and optimize the VVT strategy in the face of funding, time and other resource limitations as well as different business objectives (Chapter-7). Finally, this part describes the methodology used to validate the quality model along with a case study describing a system's quality improvements (Chapter-8).
Fundamentally, this book is written with two categories of audience in mind. The first category is composed of VVT practitioners, including Systems, Test, Production and Maintenance engineers as well as first and second line managers. The second category is composed of students and faculties of Systems, Electrical, Aerospace, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering schools. This book may be fully covered in two to three graduate level semesters; although parts of the book may be covered in one semester. University instructors will most likely use the book to provide engineering students with knowledge about VVT, as well as to give students an introduction to formal modeling and optimization of VVT strategy.
eBook
Methods for reliability improvement and risk reduction
\"Comprehensive reference covering methods and principles for reducing risk and improving reliability -Offers an overview of standard methods for reliability improvement and risk reduction -Introduces new methods including separation, segmentation and inverting -Covers a universal set of risk reduction methods and principles which transcend engineering -Includes case studies and application examples Market description: Primary: Engineers in industry, including safety professionals, risk managers, reliability consultants, design engineers and reliability and risk researchers. Secondary: Graduate students in reliability engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering electrical engineering, electronics, chemical engineering, civil engineering and nuclear engineering\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Risk Assessment - Tools, Techniques, and Their Applications (2nd Edition)
Since the first edition of the book was published there have been several changes in the types of risk individuals, businesses, and governments are being exposed to. Cyber-attacks are more frequent and costly and lone-wolf style terrorist attacks are more common; events not addressed in the first edition. The book continues to provide a resource that leads the reader through a risk assessment and shows them the proper tools to be used at the various steps in the process. This book also provides students studying safety and risk assessment a resource that assists them in understanding the various risk assessment tools and presents readers with a toolbox of techniques that can be used to aid them in analyzing conceptual designs, completed designs, procedures and operational risk. On top of the ten new chapters the new edition also includes expanded case studies and real-life examples; coverage on risk assessment software like SAPPHIRE and RAVEN; and end-of-chapter questions for students with a solutions manual for academic adopters.
eBook
Beyond market failures: understanding the need for dedicated deployment policy for solar photovoltaic in Sweden
Abstract
The urgency of decarbonization calls for a deeper understanding of photovoltaic (PV) deployment in terms of planning, acquisition, and installation, and of the justification for policies targeting these aspects. So far, energy policy for PVs has focused on financial and information-oriented policies to enhance demand but has not explicitly focused on addressing the practical activities that enable deployment. The aim of this paper is thus to identify market failures, structural system failures, and transformational system failures associated with PV deployment and assess their implications for policy. The paper provides a review of literature on PV deployment revealing challenges at various stages of the PV adoption process; and based on a survey and interviews with building owners, construction companies, and installers in Sweden, we illustrate the systemic nature of failures in current PV deployment, suggesting the need for complementary policy interventions that address institutional rather than economic and informative support. We provide examples of policy explicitly addressing the tangible deployment of PVs. To correct for ‘market failures’, we suggest, for example, reviewer ratings on public platforms, since the selection of suppliers and installers turns out to be the most crucial step in the acquisition of PVs; to address ‘structural system failures’ we suggest, for example, capacity building within municipal organizations and improved methods for architectural integration of solar systems and guidelines for deployment in historic environments; to address ‘transformational system failures’ we suggest, for example, a legal framework supporting connection to the grid.
Lay Summary
We argue there is a need to rethink policy for the implementation of new energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV). Policymakers should not only focus on increasing demand but also on addressing issues in the tangible deployment of new technologies. In this paper we assess market failures, as well as other failures associated with a transformative change, and review them as justifications for complementary policy interventions to accelerate the deployment of PVs.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Wastewater collection system failures in a capital city: analysis and sustainable prevention
An analysis of failures in a capital city's wastewater collection system was carried out and recommendations were made for sustainable preventive measures based on a risk of failure assessment. Most failures in sewer lines were associated with blockage caused by sediment accumulation and clogging from fats, oils and/or grease dumped by restaurants along several streets, combined with poor or nonexistent maintenance of the lines. Sewer lines in streets with higher risk levels due to multiple food establishments along those streets experienced most of the failures. Sustainability of the proposed maintenance was evidenced since it reduces costs and exposure to harmful substances and hazardous conditions as well as minimizing environmental impacts.
Journal Article
Economic resilience to transportation failure: a computable general equilibrium analysis
This study develops and applies a multimodal computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework to investigate the role of resilience in the economic consequences of transportation system failures. Vulnerability and economic resilience of different modes of transportation infrastructure, including air, road, rail, water and local transit, are assessed using a CGE model that incorporates various resilience tactics including modal substitution, trip conservation, excess capacity, relocation/rerouting, and service recapture. The linkages between accessibility, vulnerability, and resilience are analyzed. The model is applied to the transportation system failures in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina to illustrate its capabilities. The analytical framework, however, has broader applications and can provide insights for resource allocations to enhance emergent responses to unexpected events and to improve resilient design of transportation infrastructure systems.
Journal Article