Explore the vast range of titles available.

Syzygium australe , a comparatively less studied species within the Syzygium genus, is emerging as a prospective source of bioactive phytochemicals. In this study, the impact of microbial biotransformation by Aspergillus niger on the metabolomic and bioactivity profiles of S. australe leaves extract (SAE) was evaluated. UPLC-T-TOF-MS/MS and molecular networking enabled the tentative identification of 80 metabolites in SAE, with flavonoids emerging as the dominant phytoconstituents. After biotransformation, sulfated flavonoids are the main metabolites in S. australe biotransformed extract (SABE), suggesting that enzymatic sulfonation is mediated by fungal sulfotransferase enzymes. Molecular networking revealed two key clusters: cluster A, which is primarily composed of quercetin derivatives, and cluster B, which corresponded to syringetin. Notably, the biotransformed metabolites in SABE were predominantly observed as self-looped nodes, indicating the formation of structurally unique compounds. Multivariate chemometric analyses revealed a significant metabolomic modulation and a clear discrimination between SAE and SABE. Compared with SABE, SAE significantly increased the free radical scavenging capacity, as evidenced by lower IC₅₀ values in DPPH and ABTS assays (36.96 ± 1.20 and 19.80 ± 0.85 µ g/mL respectively), which is likely a consequence of tannin degradation during microbial biotransformation. The bioactivity of SABE, particularly against pancreatic lipase, was enhanced, with an inhibition rate of 74.49 ± 4.80% at 100 µ g/mL. Molecular docking further supported these findings, highlighting isorhamnetin-3- O -sulfate as a key bioactive constituent with the highest binding affinity to pancreatic lipase (ΔG = − 12.47 kcal/mol). These findings highlight a significant potential and warrant further investigation using alternative microbial strains aiming to develop novel therapeutic agents.

Background: Syzygium australe (H.L.Wendl.) B.Hyland and Syzygium leuhmannii (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson fruit and leaves have high antioxidant capacities and high levels of therapeutic phytochemicals. Despite this, the anticancer activity of T. lanceolata extracts has not been adequately explored. Materials and Methods: This study examined the antiproliferative of S. australe and S. leuhmannii fruit and leaf extracts against Caco2 colorectal and Hela cervical carcinoma cell lines using MTS assays. The toxicity of the extracts was evaluated using Artemia nauplii lethality bioassays. GCMS headspace analysis was used to putatively identify extract components. Results: Methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of S. australe and S. leuhmannii fruit and leaves inhibited the proliferation of Caco2 and Hela carcinoma cell lines. The aqueous 5. australe fruit and 5. leuhmanii leaf extracts were particularly potent inhibitors of Caco2 proliferation (IC, = 27 pg/mL and 43 pg/mL respectively), although all aqueous extracts were potent to good inhibitors (IC, values substantially <500 pg/mL) of both Caco2 and Hela proliferation. All methanolic extracts also displayed good or noteworthy antiproliferative activity, although generally with IC, values substantially higher than the corresponding aqueous extracts. In contrast, the ethyl acetate extracts were generally poor inhibitors, or induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: The antiproliferative activity of the aqueous and methanolic S. australe and S. leuhmannii fruit and leaf extracts support their potential as cancer chemotherapies and highlight the need for further study.

Background Medicinal plants are well known for their health benefits. Syzygium australe (Brush Cherry) is considered a health-promoting food due to its high antioxidant capacity, which may help prevent cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Additionally, S. australe exhibits antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. Aim This study reviews the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of S. australe fractions, along with their key phytoconstituents. Materials and methods The antioxidant activity of S. australe crude extract and fractions was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FIC (ferrozine iron metal chelation), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Their antidiabetic activity was evaluated using α -glucosidase, α -amylase, and lipase inhibition assays. Additionally, their TFC (total flavonoid content) and TPC (total phenolic content) were determined. The secondary metabolites were analysed using Triple TOF UPLC-ESI–MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry). Results Our findings, for the first time, reveal that various S. australe extracts exhibit strong antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. The butanol and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest antidiabetic activity. Their respective IC₅₀ values against α -glucosidase, α -amylase, and lipase were 0.11–0.14 µg/mL, 0.06–0.09 µg/mL, and 26.5–30.79 ng/mL, respectively. Also, they showed powerful antioxidant activity. The IC 50 values of the ethyl acetate (19.93 ± 1 μg/mL) and butanol (38.7 μg/mL) fractions were significantly lower than those of the reference compounds, Trolox (24.42 ± 0.87 μg/mL) in the DPPH assay and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) (39.7 μg/mL) in the ferrozine iron metal chelation assay, respectively. They had a higher amount of TPC (397.65 ± 14.78, 253.32 ± 10.78 µg GAE/mg sample) and TFC (97.89 ± 4.98, 23.14 ± 1.11 µg RE/mg sample) of ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The significant phenolic and flavonoid substances found in these extracts may account for their strong antioxidant activity. Triple TOF UPLC-ESI–MS/MS analysis detected 18 phenolic acids, 19 derivatives, and 39 flavonoids. As a way to prevent or treat various disorders, these two extracts additionally served as a great source of antioxidant phytochemicals. Conclusion Ultimately, our findings strongly suggest that the phenolics of S. australe may be valuable for the development of antioxidant and antidiabetic medications.

Syzygium australe and Syzygium luehmannii fruit and leaf were investigated for their ability to inhibit Shewanella spp. growth. Extracts of both Syzygium spp. displayed potent growth inhibitory properties against all Shewanella spp. tested in disc diffusion and liquid diffusion assays. In general, S. australe extracts were more potent inhibitors of Shewanella spp. growth, and the fruit extracts were generally better than the corresponding leaf extracts. The methanolic S. australe fruit extract was a particularly potent inhibitor of all Shewanella spp. growth, with MIC values as low as 87 µg/mL. The aqueous and ethyl acetate S. australe fruit extracts were similarly potent inhibitors of Shewanella spp. growth, albeit with slightly higher MIC values. Several other Syzygium spp. extracts also were potent bacterial growth inhibitors, albeit with MIC values generally >1000 µg/mL. The most potent S. australe fruit extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay, with LC 50 values substantially >1000 µg/mL. The potent bacterial growth inhibitory activity and lack of toxicity of the S. australe fruit extracts indicate their potential as natural fish and seafood preservatives.

Background: Extracts produced from S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaves are potent growth inhibitors of many bacterial pathogens. They may also inhibit the growth of malodour producing bacteria and thus be useful deodorant components, although this is yet to be tested. Methods: S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assays against significant bacterial contributors to axillary and plantar malodour formation. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: S. australe and S. luehmannii solvent extracts were good inhibitors of B. linens and C. jeikeium growth, with zones of inhibition up to 10 mm measured. S. australe extracts were generally better inhibitors of both bacterial species compared with the S. luehmannii extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent, with MIC values of 300 and 857 µg/mL for the S. australe fruit and leaf extracts respectively against B. linens, and 1000 and 311 µg/mL against C. jeikeium. The S. luehmannii fruit ethyl acetate extracts were similarly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 571 and 203 µg/mL against B. linens and C. jeikeium respectively. S. australe aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts were also potent inhibitors of C. jeikeium (MIC's of 285 and 306 µg/mL respectively). All other extracts had moderate or low inhibitory activity. All of the most potent ethyl acetate extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. In contrast, the methanolic and aqueous S. australe leaf extracts, as well as the aqueous and methanolic S. luehmannii fruit extracts displayed apparent toxicity. However, these results may be fallacious and instead result from the high antioxidant content of these extracts. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour producing bacteria by the Syzygium spp. extracts indicate their potential as deodorant components.

Seeds from different species and provenances of Myrtaceae, collected from wild populations in Australia, were screened for resistance to rust caused by Puccini psidii . Seedlings were inoculated with a suspension of rust inoculum and incubated in a mist chamber in the dark for 24 h. Subsequently, the plants were transferred to a growth chamber and rust reaction was evaluated 12 days later. Inter- and intra-specific variability was observed among and within the myrtaceae species. Independent of the provenance, the most resistant species were: Corymbia calophylla ‘ rosea ’, C. tesselaris , Melaleuca ericifolia , Eucalyptus tereticornis , E. resinifera , E. scias subsp. scias , E. paniculata , E. pellita and C. intermediata . In contrast, M. nesophila , M. alternifolia , M. cajuputi subsp. cajuputi , M. leucadendra , M. quinquenervia , E. cloeziana , E. diversicolor , E. regnans and E. grandis displayed the highest number of susceptible plants. Among those additional myrtaceaceous genera which were tested for their reaction to rust the most resistant were Asteromyrtus dulcia , A. tenuifolia , Gossia fragrantissima , Lophostemon confertus , Syzygium australe , S. wilsonii subsp. cryptophlebium , Archirhodomytus beckleri , Acmena smithii and Syzygium alatoramulum. Pericalymma ellipticum , Kunzea baxteri , Astartea heteranthera , Regelia ciliata , Rhodomyrtus psidioides and Syncarpia glomulifera were the most susceptible species.

Introduction: Clostridium perfringens is a gram positive pathogen which is an etiological agent in Clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans. Unless promptly treated, C. perfringens infections may result in tissue necrosis and death. Syzygium australe (brush cherry) and Syzygium luehmannii (riberry) fruit and leaves have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptic agents against an extensive panel of bacteria. Despite this, studies are yet to test the growth inhibitory activity of these species against C. perfringens. Methods: S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for growth inhibitory activity against a clinical strain of Clostridium perfringens. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: Methanolic and aqueous S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf extracts as well as the corresponding fruit ethyl acetate extracts, displayed growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against C. perfringens. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, each with MIC values substantially <500 µg/mL. The S. australe fruit extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay (LC50 values <1000 µg/mL). All ethyl acetate extracts were also nontoxic. In contrast, the S. luehmannii aqueous and methanolic extracts (fruit and leaf), as well as the S. australe leaf extracts displayed substantial toxicity in the assay. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the fruit and leaf aqueous and methanolic Syzygium spp. extracts against C. perfringens indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans.