Explore the vast range of titles available.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing in reducing the use of different tobacco-related products in adults Methods. For this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials on the effect of a brief intervention and / or motivational interview on tobacco reduction among healthy adults published between January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2021. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed. CONSORT guidelines were used to assess the quality of the studies by two reviewers for the included studies. The titles and abstracts of the search results were screened and reviewed by two independent reviewers for eligibility criteria per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane review criteria were used to assess the risk of bias in included studies. Results. A total of 12 studies were included in the final data extraction of 1406 studies. The brief intervention and motivational interviewing showed varied effects on tobacco use reduction among adults at different follow-ups. Seven of the 12 studies (58.3%) reported a beneficial impact on reducing tobacco use. Pieces of evidence on biochemical estimation on tobacco reduction are limited compared to self-reports, and varied results on quitting and tobacco cessation with different follow-ups. Conclusion. The current evidence supports the effectiveness of a brief intervention and motivational interviewing to quit tobacco use. Still, it suggests using more biochemical markers as outcome measures to reach an intervention-specific decision. While more initiatives to train nurses in providing non-pharmacological nursing interventions, including brief interventions, are recommended to help people quit smoking.

Objective: To identify and map educational technologies to prevent adolescent substance use. Methods: This scoping review protocol will be conducted according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Thirteen data sources will be accessed, namely: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Theses & Dissertations Catalog of the Coordination for Improvement of Superior Level Staff (CAPES), RCAAP, DART-Europe, Trove, and Theses Canada.

Context. This review analyzes recent studies (2019–2024) on the persistent public health crisis caused by smoking, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico, where poverty exacerbates its impact. Current health effects are examined according to the use of tax revenues, the impact of updating taxes with inflation, cessation rates, and variation in consumption with new socioeconomic evidence. Problem. Tobacco use in Mexico remains inelastic, perpetuating health and economic burdens for low-income families and increased consumption among the wealthiest. This generates secondary poverty, where incomes fall below the poverty line after spending on tobacco. Purpose. This study seeks to promote greater equity and sustainability in the country's public health system, providing evidence based on a multidisciplinary and innovative approach to strengthen fiscal policies on tobacco. Methodology. Our primary objective was to analyze the effectiveness and implications of tobacco taxation policies between 2019 and 2024 due to fiscal policy changes in the current government. We conducted the literature search through PubMed, utilizing VosViewer software. Theoretical and Practical Findings. In the theoretical field, it combines health economics, behavioral economics, and fiscal policy to analyze tax equity and impact on health. In practice, it provides evidence to design taxes that reduce consumption, increase incomes and improve public health, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good health and well-being) and 10 (Reduced inequalities). Originality based on a multidisciplinary approach that promotes innovation for sustainable development. This work integrates health economics, behavioral economics, and fiscal policy, aligning with the guidelines of the Oslo Handbook on innovation in public policy. The combination of these approaches allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the economic and social impact of tobacco taxes, offering new tools for the formulation of effective and sustainable public policies. Conclusions and limitations. This literature review provides a timely update for decision-making studies and offers relevant insights for academia and policymakers. The COVID-19 health crisis deprioritized the treatment of tobacco-related illnesses like lung cancer and acute myocardial infarction, among fifty other diseases, potentially affecting data from 2020–2021.

Introducción: El tabaco, además de ser la causa singular de mortalidad más prevenible, genera desigualdades en salud sociales y de género. Los colectivos social y económicamente menos favorecidos son los que mayor consumo presentan. Respecto a su prevalencia, entre los hombres el tabaquismo ha disminuido en los últimos años, siendo estable entre las mujeres desde 2002 incluso con ligeros ascensos en ciertos sectores de edad. Está demostrada la repercusión del tabaquismo en el entorno humano (fumadores pasivos) y ambiental (humo de tercera y cuarta mano). Objetivos: General: Sensibilizar la población para conseguir una Tolosaldea libre de humo y colillas de tabaco Específicos: Difundir las ventajas de una vida sin tabaco tanto a modo individual como social. Promocionar la oferta de deshabituación de Osakidetza y Asociación contra el Cáncer (AECC) Evitar la incorporación de los jóvenes tabaquismo Sensibilizar a la población de la toxicidad de las colillas. Población diana Población de Tolosaldea. Entidades organizadoras Osakidetza, AECC, Salud Pública, Ayuntamientos de la comarca, Clínica Asunción. Cronología 2016: Diseño de la campaña y preparación del material de apoyo (Osakidetza y Salud Pública). Búsqueda de colaboradores (AECC, Ayuntamientos, Clínica Asunción) 2017: Difusión: reunión con farmacéuticos y odontólogos de Tolosaldea, trípticos informativos y carteles en todos los centros de salud de Osakidetza, clínica Asunción, farmacias y consultas de odontología, entrevistas en radio, televisión y prensa locales. Oferta de grupos de deshabituación a todas las empresas de la zona Envío de cartas a todos los establecimientos hosteleros solicitándoles  su colaboración con el cumplimiento de la ley. Oferta de talleres a centros educativos Actividades: talleres con alumnado de ESO, concurso fotográfico “¿Dónde están las colillas?”, mesa informativa. 2018: Actividades: talleres con alumnado de ESO, concurso fotográfico “¿Cuáles son tus razones para no fumar?”, exposición, mesa informativa. Innovación: Aúna agentes sanitarios y sociales en la lucha contra el tabaco Aborda el impacto negativo de las colillas en el  medioambiente y pretende sensibilizar  a la población Impacto y resultados: Difusión: Reuniones realizadas: 11; asistentes /personas convocadas: 60 / 106 Envío de documentación: 235 cartas a establecimientos hosteleros y 700 a empresas Entrevistas divulgativas en medios de Comunicación: 8 Actividades preventivas: Talleres con alumnado de ESO, participantes: 212 en 2017 y 513 en 2018 Concursos fotográficos,  fotografías recibidas 27 en 2017 y 38 en 2018;  personas que interactúan en Instagram 800 y 1.000 respectivamente Exposición realizada en 4 centros educativos y una sala de cine. Asistentes 1336 personas Acción de calle participantes: 250 en 2017 y 200 en 2018. Oferta de deshabituación: Grupos formados: 3 en Osakidetza, 2 en AECC. Sostenibilidad y transferibilidad: Aunar recursos evita duplicidades y mejora resultados. Consideramos que puede ser transferible a otras comunidades. Conclusiones, discusión y lecciones aprendidas: La implicación de múltiples organismos proporciona un abordaje integral. Campaña dinámica, todavía en activo que va aumentando su repercusión en la sociedad. Ha tenido una amplia repercusión mediática y muy buena aceptación por los centros escolares. Instagram resulta muy útil para difundir fotografías, a la hora de recibir fotografías WhatsApp fue la opción preferida.

Background Despite an increasingly recognized relationship between depression and smoking, little is known about how smoking influences antidepressant response and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence of the impact of smoking on new-generation antidepressants with an emphasis on the pharmacokinetic perspective. Methods We present a systematic review of clinical trials comparing the serum levels of new-generation antidepressants in smokers and nonsmokers. Data were obtained from MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and other sources. Risk of bias was assessed for selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting of individual studies. Results Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria; seven involved fluvoxamine, two evaluated fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, duloxetine or mirtazapine, and escitalopram, citalopram, trazodone and bupropion were the subject of a single study. No trials were found involving other common antidepressants such as paroxetine or agomelatine. Serum levels of fluvoxamine, duloxetine, mirtazapine and trazodone were significantly higher in nonsmokers compared with smokers. Conclusions There is evidence showing a reduction in the concentration of serum levels of fluvoxamine, duloxetine, mirtazapine and trazodone in smoking patients as compared to nonsmokers. The evidence regarding other commonly used antidepressants is scarce. Nonetheless, smoking status should be considered when choosing an antidepressant treatment, given the risk of pharmacokinetic interactions.

Objective: To identify and classify the socioeconomic factors associated with cigarette smoking in a Peruvian district of high socioeconomic level. Methods: Cohort study using data from the \"Census of Health and Determinants of the District of San Borja\" from 2021 to 2022, with 49,082 respondents. The total database was studied, which responded to the question of whether they had smoked cigarettes in the last 12 months. Variables such as cigarette consumption, sex, age, educational level, marital status, work activity, and others were analyzed. Binary logistic regression and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analyses were applied. Results: The percentage of smokers was 3.70%. Single adults were 1.46 times more likely to smoke. Those living in shared apartments were 1.38 times more likely to smoke, while people without their own housing were 2.01 times more likely to smoke. Men were 2.574 times more likely to smoke than women. The CHAID decision tree showed that, for males, job instability is a main factor, while for women the economic crisis and criminal acts in the home were key factors. Conclusions: Job instability and precarious living conditions are associated with cigarette smoking in men and women, respectively. The main socioeconomic profile of cigarette users was being male, not owning a house and being single. Objetivo: Identificar e classificar os fatores socioeconômicos associados ao tabagismo em um distrito peruano de alto nível socioeconômico. Métodos: Estudo transversal utilizando dados do “Censo de Saúde e Determinantes do Distrito San Borja” de 2021 a 2022, com 49.082 entrevistados. Foi estudado todo o banco de dados que respondeu à pergunta se fumaram cigarros nos últimos 12 meses. Foram analisadas variáveis como consumo de cigarro, sexo, idade, nível educacional, estado civil, atividade laboral, entre outras. Regressão logística binária e análises de árvore de decisão foram aplicadas usando um detector automático de interação qui-quadrado. Resultados: O percentual de fumantes foi de 3,70%. Adultos solteiros tinham 1,46 (IC 95%: 1,18-1,8) vezes mais probabilidade de fumar. Aqueles que moram em apartamentos compartilhados tinham 1,38 (IC 95%: 1,12-1,70) vezes mais probabilidade. Pessoas sem moradia própria foram 2,01 (IC 95%: 1,35-2,95). Os homens tinham 2,57 (IC 95%: 2,07-3,19) vezes mais probabilidade de fumar do que as mulheres. A árvore de decisão do CHAID mostrou que, nos homens, a instabilidade no emprego é um fator importante; Nas mulheres, a crise econômica e os atos criminosos no lar foram fatores-chave. Conclusões: A instabilidade no emprego em homens e as condições precárias de vida em mulheres estão associadas ao tabagismo. O principal perfil socioeconômico dos consumidores de cigarros era ser do sexo masculino, não possuir casa própria e ser solteiro. Objetivo: Identificar y clasificar los factores socioeconómicos asociados al consumo de cigarro en un distrito peruano de nivel socioeconómico alto. Métodos: Estudio de corte utilizando datos del “Censo de Salud y Determinantes del Distrito de San Borja” de 2021 a 2022, con 49 082 encuestados. Se estudió el total de la base de datos que respondió a la pregunta de si fumaron cigarros los últimos 12 meses. Se analizaron variables como consumo de cigarro, sexo, edad, nivel educativo, estado conyugal, actividad laboral y otros. Se aplicaron análisis de regresión logística binaria y árbol de decisiones por detector automático de interacciones de ji al cuadrado. Resultados: El porcentaje de fumadores fue de 3,70 %. Los adultos sin pareja fueron 1,46 (IC95%: 1,18-1,8) veces más propensos a fumar. Quienes viven en departamentos compartidos lo fueron 1,38 (IC 95%: 1,12-1,70) veces. Personas sin vivienda propia lo fueron 2,01 (IC95%: 1,35-2,95). Hombres fueron 2,57 (IC95%: 2,07-3,19) veces más propensos a fumar que mujeres. El árbol de decisiones CHAID mostró que, en hombres, la inestabilidad laboral es un factor principal; en mujeres, la crisis económica y hechos delictivos en el hogar fueron factores clave. Conclusiones: La inestabilidad laboral en hombres y la precarización de las condiciones de vida en mujeres están asociadas al consumo de cigarro. El perfil socioeconómico principal del consumidor de cigarros fue ser hombre, no tener vivienda propia y estar sin pareja.

El trabajo analiza el orden procesal existente en el Erario regio de Nueva España a partir de una renta específica, el estanco del tabaco, y una modalidad de juicios, los de contrabando. Para ello se sigue el siguiente recorrido: se analiza la historiografía que ha atendido el fenómeno del contrabando del tabaco en Nueva España para, de ahí, determinar quiénes fueron los jueces y tribunales de la renta en las distintas instancias e identificar las normas básicas que regularon en el estanco del tabaco sus juicios por contrabando y penas a imponer. En este último aspecto, se resaltan, aunque sin profundizar, conexiones con normas relativas a la Real Hacienda de España, como parte de un contexto político general que presionaba por un tratamiento cada vez más uniforme de los erarios regios indianos en el conjunto de la Monarquía hispánica. This article examines the existing procedural order in the Royal Treasury of New Spain through a specific form of revenue, that of the tobacco monopoly, and form of trial, that for contraband cases. It starts by analyzing the historiography that has addressed the phenomenon of contraband tobacco in New Spain, goes on to identify the judges and revenue tribunals in different instances and then determines the basic norms that regulated the tobacco monopoly in contraband trials, as well as the sentences that were to be imposed. On this last point, it briefly emphasizes the connections between those norms regulating the Royal Treasury of Spain as part of a general political context of increasing pressure for greater uniformity among the Royal Treasuries of the Indies in the Spanish Crown as a whole.

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020 El trasfondo general de este dossier es contribuir al estudio del papel del tabaco en la integración del sistema atlántico del tabaco ibérico. Queremos recalcar, desde un principio, tanto la importancia comercial y cultural del tabaco, como la trascendencia fiscal de este producto en la construcción del Estado moderno, papel que se mantiene con una nueva formulación durante el siglo XIX. El tabaco tiene una gran trascendencia social, en consecuencia, en la historia de la humanidad desde una perspectiva global. En el marco de los imperios ibéricos, se produjo a través de esta solanácea una conexión de ida y vuelta entre Europa-América-África e, incluso, Asia, sin olvidarnos de sus respectivos archipiélagos.