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This paper provides a conceptual overview of economists' attempts to learn about the effects of taxes on extractive resources. The emphasis is on research methods and techniques, with no attempt to provide a comprehensive tabulation of previous empirical results or policy conclusions regarding preferred tax instruments or systems. We argue, in fact, that the nature of such conclusions largely depends on the researcher's choice of modeling framework. Many alternative frameworks and approaches have been developed in the literature. Our goal is to describe the differences among them and to note their strengths and limitations.

This paper provides an overview of different inheritance tax regimes in selected European countries and the United States. We show that in the majority of countries the tax rate is related to the relationship between testator and the beneficiary as well as the value of the inherited assets. In most countries the transfer ofwealth within families is treated preferentially (lower tax rates, tax exemptions and reliefs). This is particularly the case for business assets and family homes. The analysis further discusses the features and effects of inheritance tax regimes, which include behavioural responses of individuals and different distributional effects of an inheritance tax. Although the actual revenues of inheritance taxation are quite low in the selected countries, some indicators point to higher revenue potentials in the future. An appropriate design for inheritance taxation could further help to decelerate the increase in wealth inequality.

Since the inception of a new regime for filing taxes, there has been a discourse among taxpayers. The old tax regime provides opportunities to save taxes while, building a portfolio for fulfilling their financial goals. After the introduction of the new tax regime with less exemptions and deductions, one is free to choose between any of the two regimes. This would depend on many factors but purely on the quantum of exemptions and deduction one hopes to avail. For individuals, with awareness about their financial condition for the year, choices are clear. Otherwise, it may end in a deadlock. A commentary on the tax regimes could be an added factor in the selection. However, due to unavailability of the acceptance rate for new tax regime, taxpayers are unable to gauge whether the new tax regime is favourable. Amidst this, the finance minister has made some vivid introductions to the new tax regime in the union budget of 2023 by increasing the tax rebate limit. This introduction is a valuable step for the tax system of India which has the potential to be advantageous for taxpayers. Hence, this research is conducted to understand the new tax regime and the role it can play for the welfare of taxpayers. This study also sheds some light on the factors which might influence the selection of the tax regime. The findings show that the new tax regime simplifies the decision structure available to the taxpayers by reducing complexity and increasing the ease of compliance. The acceptance of the new tax regime has also increased since the reforms introduced in the Union budget of 2023. Age Groups, Yearly Income and Number of investments are factors that influence the selection of the tax regime. It is also observed that the younger age groups are inclining towards the new tax regime. The collected data has been analysed using the Year over Year growth, Chi-Square test and One-way ANOVA test along with post hoc tests.

The new Mining Code of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) introduced modified fiscal and customs regimes, impacting both the state and extractive companies. For the state, these regimes led to an increase in public revenues, contributing to the financing of essential services such as health, education, and infrastructure. For extractive companies, the new regimes resulted in higher fiscal burdens, with high tax rates and a multiplicity of taxes and royalties. This increased pressure on operating costs, making Congolese mining companies more competitive while discouraging foreign investments and leading to a decline in mining production. To reconcile the fiscal interests of the state with those of mining operators, it is recommended to strengthen the legislative and regulatory framework of the Congolese mining fiscal regime, promote dispute resolution methods such as arbitration or mediation, and consider renegotiating fiscal contracts.

BackgroundSmall businesses play a significant role in the alleviation of unemployment, poverty and inequality. In recognition of the key role played by small businesses, the South African government has implemented small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) tax preferences to support this sector.AimThis study evaluated contemporary tax preferences for SMEs in South Africa.SettingFor this study, small business owners and tax practitioners in the Gauteng province of South Africa were interviewed.MethodThe study employed a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to solicit information from 25 small business owners and 22 tax practitioners.ResultsSmall business owners often lack awareness of the turnover tax regime. Tax practitioners tend to prefer the small business corporation (SBC) tax regime over the turnover tax regime because of misconceptions about the latter, its high administrative burden and the fact that the tax base for calculating tax payable is taxable turnover rather than taxable income. Many clients utilising the SBC regime have already exceeded the R1 million taxable turnover threshold. Shareholding and business activity are primary disqualifiers for SBC eligibility.ConclusionMore educational initiatives are necessary. The shareholding requirement should be reevaluated, as it may hinder entrepreneurial activities.ContributionThis study enhances knowledge by sharing the perceptions of small business owners who benefit from tax preferences for SMEs and the tax practitioners who assist them with compliance. As tax policies evolve with changing circumstances, it is crucial to continually evaluate whether the SBC and turnover tax regimes achieve their intended objectives. This study will aid the National Treasury and the South African Revenue Service (SARS) in this assessment.

The tax burden on wages, profits, property, and goods or services has a serious impact on cross-country competiveness, something that, in turn, impinges strongly on the actual economy of common markets such as the European Union (EU). While the mobility of productive factors is directly related with country tax-regime differences, government budget funding from tax revenues and rates are the main fiscal policy tools.

This paper addresses the dispute between the realization of rights and the financialization of the Brazilian State, focusing on the analysis of the economic discourse and legal structure of the New Tax Regime, in force since 2016. It is questioned whether the New Tax Regime is constitutional and whether its duration impacts the realization of rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis is carried out by means of historical survey, budgetary data and legal interpretation using the constitutionally adopted ideology theory as an instrument that affirms that there isn’t a unique economic ideology in the constitution, but a plurality of possibilities to materialize the welfare state. Among the economic aspects that dispute the public budget, it is possible to point two main doctrines: the economics of ethics and the economics of engineering. There is a predominance of the economics of engineering in the current legal regulation and budget formation, which allows a perception of reduction in the realization of rights both in ordinary times and in times of COVID-19 pandemic.

Many share Michael Mulreany’s interest in the processes associated with the outward reorientation of the Irish economy from the mid-to-late 1950s through to European Economic Community accession in 1973. The Irish case is unusual by international standards in the importance accorded to the policy advice that emanated from within the civil service. While much of the historical focus has been on the Whitaker report of 1958, the contribution of which is celebrated in the 2009 work edited by Mulreany, the Department of Finance did not win all of the crucial debates on outward reorientation in which it was engaged. In particular, it had opposed the introduction in 1956 of export profits tax relief, the origin of the low corporation tax regime that remains in place to this day. This paper revisits the policy positions of the Departments of Finance and Industry and Commerce over the post-war decades and traces the foreign direct investment intensity of the modern Irish economy to the outcome of these debates.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the perception of the textile industry stakeholders (manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers and tax professionals) on India’s new goods and services tax (GST) system and find whether the introduction of GST has made doing business easier or not.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers used interviews and surveys to capture the perceptions of the textile industry stakeholders at Surat, a major textile hub in India. To econometrically verify the perceptions, the researchers used a logit regression model.FindingsThe researchers found that the provision of monthly tax filing has increased textile businesses’ dependency on tax professionals, which increased business costs. Also, the GST system has made tax compliance easier and is user-friendly. However, tax refund-related issues are a significant factor that negatively impacts the ease of doing business post-GST.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the research shall be helpful for the GST Council of India and policymakers to understand the problems faced by the textile businesses and cater to their problems.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is original as none of the available studies captures the perception of all the textile industry stakeholders, namely, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers and tax professionals, on the GST system applying econometric techniques to validate the perceptions.