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Assisted reproductive technologies in the third phase
Following the birth of the first \"test-tube baby\" in 1978, Assisted Reproductive Technologies became available to a small number of people in high-income countries able to afford the cost of private treatment, a period seen as the \"First Phase\" of ARTs. In the \"Second Phase,\" these treatments became increasingly available to cosmopolitan global elites. Today, this picture is changing - albeit slowly and unevenly - as ARTs are becoming more widely available. While, for many, accessing infertility treatments remains a dream, these are beginning to be viewed as a standard part of reproductive healthcare and family planning. This volume highlights this \"Third Phase\" - the opening up of ARTs to new constituencies in terms of ethnicity, geography, education, and class.
eBook
How Far Away Is China from Marine Technology Power? Evidence from the Marine Technology Survey in China
Yuan, L., 2018. How far away is China from marine technology power? Evidence from the marine technology survey in China. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 856–862. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to find out the competitiveness of China's marine technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China launched the technology evaluation project covering marine technology fields. Based on the experts investigation, the paper analyses the technology development trend, level and stage of marine technology field. It focus on the comparative analysis between China and technological leading countries. The results shows that the gap is narrowing, and some technologies are in leading group, most of them still in the following stage. There are less original marine technologies provided by China, and the level of industrialization is low in China. It's not easy to support the construction of world marine technology power.
Journal Article
Institutions, technology, and circular and cumulative causation in economics
This text investigates the relation between technology and institutions and their mutual influence during processes of development and change and illustrates this on the development process in Argentina after 1946. General and case-study specific policy recommendations are offered.
Book
Analysis of low permeability reservoir development technology
As an important energy source for social production and development, oil is non-renewable. In the process of development and utilization, attention should be paid to continuously improve the exploitation technology, enhance the ability of oil exploration, and strengthen the development of low permeability reservoir resources, so as to provide sufficient oil resources for social production and development. However, low permeability reservoir resources have their own characteristics and are limited by multiple factors in the process of exploitation. It is difficult to improve the exploitation efficiency of low permeability reservoir resources without adopting corresponding exploitation technology. This it is scientific and reasonable exploitation of low permeability oil reservoir resources technology are analyzed and discussed, in the comprehensive analysis based on the characteristics of low permeability oil reservoirs, mining characteristics, puts forward the well pattern optimization, waterflood recovery, fracturing technology and mining method, working for the effective implementation of the low permeability reservoir development provides the technical support, also need to continue well technology application in the construction process in the future.
Journal Article
An Overview of Recent Developments in Biomass Pyrolysis Technologies
Biomass is a promising sustainable and renewable energy source, due to its high diversity of sources, and as it is profusely obtainable everywhere in the world. It is the third most important fuel source used to generate electricity and for thermal applications, as 50% of the global population depends on biomass. The increase in availability and technological developments of recent years allow the use of biomass as a renewable energy source with low levels of emissions and environmental impacts. Biomass energy can be in the forms of biogas, bio-liquid, and bio-solid fuels. It can be used to replace fossil fuels in the power and transportation sectors. This paper critically reviews the facts and prospects of biomass, the pyrolysis process to obtain bio-oil, the impact of different pyrolysis technology (for example, temperature and speed of pyrolysis process), and the impact of various reactors. The paper also discusses different pyrolysis products, their yields, and factors affecting biomass products, including the present status of the pyrolysis process and future challenges. This study concluded that the characteristics of pyrolysis products depend on the biomass used, and what the pyrolysis product, such as bio-oil, can contribute to the local economy. Finally, more research, along with government subsidies and technology transfer, is needed to tackle the future challenges of the development of pyrolysis technology.
Journal Article
Personal sustainability practices : faculty approaches to walking the sustainability talk and living the UN SDGs
\"Personal Sustainability Practices is a collection of 19 academic and practitioner perspectives on the topic of faculty personal sustainability. The book addresses the issues of whether, how, where, and when faculty who teach, research, consult, and perform academic and community service are and need to be practicing and communicating their own sustainability behaviors to students and other stakeholders. The contributors represent multiple countries, disciplines, academic levels and affiliations, and orientations on those issues and on the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to their personal sustainability practices.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Innovation systems : World Bank support of science and technology development
The World Bank has gained significant experience and has an important role to play in supporting innovation systems projects (successful programs included Korea, India, Indonesia, Turkey). The Bank’s role typically has been to facilitate and augment reform efforts through its experiences around the world and play the role of an “honest broker” between the productive and S&T sectors and facilitating the reform process by bringing together relevant partners. This enhances the effectiveness of the design and delivery of services and the sustainability of these activities. The Bank’s involvement also encourages that difficult measures are taken, including the raising of institutional accountability. Prudent market tests are applied to the various available interventions and fiscal discipline is imposed on institutions that are in the process of restructuring. Drawing on its experience the Bank can provide the long-term support, advice, and leverage needed during the restructuring phase for institutions that seek to attain greater fiscal independence and to enhance the quality of their services and their contribution to the national economy.This paper concentrates on innovation systems support projects financed by the Bank during 1990–2003, together with a few successful earlier examples, and reviews some 51 projects involving over US$4.2 billion in Bank support.
eBook