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Purpose. The entrepreneurial process is a complicated structure defined by interaction of many factors. When analyzing entrepreneurship in the context of modern - day development of new technologies, technology parks are also being introduced in this process. Technology parks are specific forms which started their growth in the middle of twentieth century. They are viewed as places where technology, entrepreneurship, knowledge, innovation and creativity are being combined together in order to nurture the process of creating visions, ideas and new values. Technology parks are the nexus between academic community and ventures. The aim of this paper was to present the interaction between entrepreneurship and technology parks, and to identify the role of technology parks in today's entrepreneurial venture. Design. Over time industrial economy has developed into information economy, which also has many forms. That lead to acknowledgement of the strength of connection between industry and know - how. Therefore this paper foremost defines the concepts of entrepreneurship and technology parks through their historic evolution and modalities of their interaction, that being the base for a case study. A case study was conducted in Technology park Varaždin in the period from March 7th to March 13th 2016, using following methods. Firstly secondary data analysis was conducted (data acquired from available literature and business reports) which gave basis for a decision regarding primary data collecting and hypotheses proposal. Afterwards primary data analysis was conducted (data acquired using online survey method). Survey was conducted on population consisting of entrepreneurs whose companies are tenants of Technology park Varaždin. The mentioned research survey consisted of twenty questions divided into four sections. Findings. Total of three hypotheses were proposed and tested in order to make tenants profiles and analysis of their habitat in Technology park Varaždin, and finally in order to identify the role of Technology park Varaždin in their entrepreneurial process.

The impact of the Science and Technology Park (STP) on the development of one region can be considered through many reasons for establishment of STPs. STP represent useful instrument which creates conditions for promoting innovations, entrepreneurship, growth of knowledge-based companies, while the output results are reflected in economic growth of the region. Due to declining demographic trends in region of eastern Serbia, especially considering young population and phenomenon of “brain drain”, the goal of STP is to provide conditions for intellectual companionship at the highest level, to create chances to exchange knowledge and ideas, to improve potential of the community and to increase knowledge and achieve suitable bilateral cooperation with similar entities in the world. This paper provides review of possible benefits of establishing STP in city of Bor, based on scientific-research potential of Eastern Serbia region.

This paper summarizes the extant literature on science and technology parks in an effort to provide a foundation to stimulate additional research in this globally important topic. We find from our review of published scholarship over the past 30 years that attention to science and technology parks has indeed increased, but it has not yet exploded. We also find that the current distribution of the country focus of this research is skewed toward China, the United Kingdom, Spain, and the United States. Emphasis on studies related to UK and US parks has been primarily due to data availability; in China and Spain the emphasis has been primarily on case studies.

After 1991, India after decades of stifling its own economic growth, has reformed its economy and has implemented its Look East policy to enhance its economic, business and trade linkages with East Asian economies.

As part of the third mission of universities to promote innovation and economic development, the popularity of science and technology parks (STPs) as a policy tool is increasing. The co-location of innovative companies and universities should be conducive to knowledge exchange between universities and industry, thus leading to more innovation. However, STPs have evolved in different contexts and to serve different purposes. Furthermore, the research on them has evolved mainly through case studies of individual parks and it is scattered across different disciplinary conversations. Building on 1,711 articles published from 1985 onwards, this study presents a systematic literature review of research on STPs and their relationships with universities. We find three different phases in the evolution of this literature: a formation phase (before 2000), where the focus was on the creation of STPs; a geographical expansion phase (2000–2010) reflecting the geographical expansion of STPs to East Asia and other emerging economies, with heavy focus on high-technology firms mainly in ICT; and a topical expansion phase (2011 onwards) when the literature expands to cover a diversity of new topics, including open innovation and sustainability, reflecting broader changes in the understanding of innovation.

Purpose This paper aims to uncover the combinations of knowledge sharing mechanisms that organizations in a science and technology park in Brazil use to share managerial and technical knowledge. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a qualitative approach that uses a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze data that are gathered from 51 managers of organizations in a science and technology park. Findings The results show that knowledge sharing happens regardless of the type of knowledge. There are more alternative paths that lead to knowledge sharing than to its absence. Regarding the type of knowledge shared, there are more alternative configurations that lead to managerial knowledge sharing than to technical knowledge sharing. Only the older organizations in the science and technology park abstain from knowledge sharing. Research limitations/implications Due to the qualitative nature of the study, no generalization is possible. Additionally, the study’s limitation is that it involves organizations from a single science and technology park. Practical implications The results offer managers of organizations in science and technology parks to choose from alternative combinations of mechanisms to either boost their knowledge sharing or to promote knowledge protection. Originality/value The paper provides an original contribution by identifying the combinations of mechanisms that organizations in a science and technology park use that leads to the sharing of specific knowledge types. The findings also identify the combination of mechanisms that older organizations use that prevents them from sharing knowledge.

This paper reviews the issues of multi-level system of indicators on the activity of innovative technology parks in the sectors of information and knowledge economy. The economic system of developed and developing countries is primarily based on natural and material resources. At the next stage of development, a new innovative economy based on information, knowledge, and ICT is formed through the resource advantages. In such conditions, the main economic development growth is realized in innovative technoparks. The foundations of scientific and methodological development of composite indicator system are explored, in this regard. The stages of development of hierarchical indicators system, requirements posed to them, their generalized composition and content are shown. Main group of indicators characterizing the activity of technology parks separately and its relevant function are defined. A system of multi-level composite indicators integratively reflects the main level and the lower levels coming after it. Indicators system includes the main composite index and 10 sub-indices of technoparks. Composite index contains sub-indices of significance and scalability, infrastructure and information provision, favorable business environment, investment-financial reserves and material-technical resources, innovative potential, activeness and environment, human resources and professional staff training, scientific-research, experimental developments and innovative projects, innovation products and services, effective management and creative results, socio-ecological development. The study presents the stages of successive formation of indicators and variables upon which main indices and sub-indices of technology parks functionally depend. Directions of future research are identified on the basis of indicators.

PurposeThe aim of this research is to analyze the knowledge transfer process in technological innovation clusters. The problem of the study addresses how organizations can act in a network to enhance experiences and gains, particularly in the aspect of knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachThe study is qualitative, applied through a case study, cross-sectional and multiple sources of evidence – semistructured interviews, nonparticipant observation and analysis of documents and secondary institutional data. The case analyzed was the Technology Park of São José dos Campos, in Brazil, involving private companies, governmental organizations, universities and research institutions.FindingsThe results reinforce the arguments that the transfer of knowledge is influenced by factors, facilitators or inhibitors such as: cooperation, relationship with institutions, workforce mobility and geographical proximity, influencing the competitiveness and performance of the organizations in the cluster.Research limitations/implicationsThis study advances the knowledge management literature in network environments, especially in technological innovation clusters, systematizing and highlighting the facilitating and inhibiting dimensions of knowledge transfer.Practical implicationsThe present work has a direct dialogue with the managers and actors involved in the governance of these organizational arrangements with regard to increasing the capacity for creation and the dissemination of knowledge among organizations, educational institutions, government and companies.Originality/valueThere is a presence of aspects indicating that knowledge goes beyond borders through dynamic and collaborative structures, reinforcing the premise that clusters must be perceived as an evolutionary system, whose result of interactions leads to a superior joint capacity.

The paper aims to cover a research gap in the analysis of certain enablers and their role in the success of science and technology parks (STPs). The goal of the research was to analyse the features of the enablers and point out their potential relationships with various success criteria. The outcomes of the research will help park management better understand STP behaviours. The analysis was done based on the survey data of 113 STPs. After definitions of enabler areas and success criteria plus a literature review, first the interrelations of enabler elements have been analysed using the Association Rule Mining method. Then, their relationship towards eight success criteria measurements have been studied using statistical analysis in order to find the key success drivers. Such a combination has rarely been used for analysing STPs in related research. According to the findings, there are apparent patterns and features within the analysed enabler areas. This is unique feature of the current paper, which highlights the necessity of taking a complex approach towards park services. It underlines the need for research, development and innovation competences and structures in STPs. The statistically relevant enablers as success drivers have revealed the importance of the presence of several factors (like management behaviour, park activities, service elements, etc.). This underlines that balanced development is crucial to successful parks achieving high-level performance.

We argue two alternative routes that lead entrepreneurial start-ups to acquisition outcomes instead of liquidation. On one hand, acquisitions can come about through the control route with external financers such as venture capitalists (VCs). VCs take control through their board seats along with other contractual rights that can bring about changes in a start-up necessary to successfully attract a strategic acquirer. Consistent with this view, we show that VCs often replace the founding entrepreneur as CEO long before an acquisition exit. On the other hand, acquisitions can come about through more advice and support provided to the start-up, such as that provided by an incubator or technology park. Based on a sample of 251 Crunchbase companies in the USA over the years 2007 to 2014, we present evidence that is strongly consistent with these propositions. Further, we show a tension between VC backing of start-ups resident in technology parks insofar as such start-ups are slower to become, and less likely tobe, acquired.