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El tejido adiposo juega un papel central en la nutrición, el balance energético y la salud en los humanos. Existen dos tipos de tejido adiposo: el blanco (TAB) y el pardo (TAP). El TAB conserva la energía, mientras que el TAP la utiliza.El exceso de nutrición y la inactividad física dan origen a un incremento del TAB y a la obesidad. En cambio el TAP es termogénico, debido a una proteína única desacopladora (UCP1).Esta proteína localizada en la parte interna de la membrana mitocondrial desacopla la respiración mitocondrial, produciendo tanto energía como calor. Esta propiedad esencial protege a los animales de la hipotermia.La creencia tradicional de que el TAP sólo existe en infantes y no en adultos retrasó la investigación en humanos. Pero el descubrimiento de que la grasa del adulto presentaba una alta actividad metabólica como lo demostraba la tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) hizo que los investigadores se interesaran nuevamente en el TAP y que se reiniciara la investigación sobre este tejido, su identificación, la prevalencia, regulación, localización, abundancia y su importancia en el humano.

One of the important aspects of improving the effectiveness of training qualified divers is understanding the peculiarities of body component composition and the state of microcirculation. The aim of this study was to investigate the component body composition and microcirculation peculiarities of qualified divers diving from different types of gymnastic equipment. The study sample included 30 qualified divers, consisting of 17 girls and 13 boys aged 13 to 18 years. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, and the functional state of the microcirculatory system was evaluated through laser Doppler flowmetry. The results indicated that divers who utilized the 10-meter tower exhibited a statistically significant decrease in adipose tissue content and an increase in fat-free mass and relative muscle mass compared to athletes in other diving disciplines. Additionally, a high level of tissue perfusion and microvascular reactivity was observed among the athletes. These findings are crucial for assessing and enhancing the training effectiveness of qualified diving athletes.

The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of physical exercise and subsequent detraining on histological and morphometric parameters of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Also investigated were insulin and glucose tolerance. It was an experimental study with three groups: continuous moderate-intensity training (CMIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and a control group (CG). Three assessments were carried out: pre-intervention, after 8 weeks of training, and after 4 weeks of detraining. A generalized estimation equation was performed for (group x moment), with Bonferroni post-hoc for group and moment in the analysis of adipocyte area and weight. A one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the decay rate and the area under the curve between groups. For the intragroup study, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc was performed. An increase was observed between T2 and T3 in the area of perilumbar adipose tissue (747.3 ± 28.4 µm2 vs. 853.0 ± 15.7 µm2, p ≤ 0.01) and perirenal (770.3 ± 11.4 µm2 vs. 830 .9 ± 18.6 µm2, p ≤ 0.01) regardless of the group, as well as an increase in the subscapular BAT area from T1 to T3 (419.9 ± 38.5 µm2 vs. 751.8 ± 27.5 µm2, p ≤ 0.001). The weights of perirenal, perilumbar, and subscapular brown adipose tissues were lower in HIIT and CMIT compared to the CG (p ≤ 0.001). It was observed that after detraining, the calculation of the decline in glycemia showed a statistically significant difference (F = 8.79; p = 0.005) between CG and HIIT (0.78 % vs. 1.82 %), with a higher average percentage for HIIT. It is concluded that 8 weeks of CMIT and HIIT are efficient for weight control and adipose tissue area; however, this control is lost after 4 weeks of detraining, and even after this period, HIIT showed better insulin sensitivity. Keywords: Exercise; Lipids; Adipose tissue; General adaptation syndrome; Supercompensation.

Excessive consumption of high-fat food has been associated with increased prevalence of obesity. The physiological and metabolic effects of high-fat diets have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the behavioral mechanisms associated with the development of obesity induced by consumption of these diets has been less explored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in the behavioral feeding patterns produced by the consumption of a high-fat diet during 10 days. Male Wistar rats with free access to food were assigned to one of two groups, and for 10 days, they had access to a high- fat diet (45 % calories from fat) or to a standard diet. Detailed analysis of feeding behavior was performed on days 1, 5 and 10 at the beginning of the dark period. The results showed that subjects exposed to the high-fat diet accumulated more body fat and showed increased feeding efficiency, in absence of excessive body weight increase or alterations in the behavioral satiety sequence pattern. These findings suggest that exposure to high-fat diets may produce behavioral changes before excessive gain of body weight occurs, primarily affecting control mechanisms of feeding efficiency.  

Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake, and its receptor (OB-Rb) is expressed primarily in the hypothalamus. Here, it is shown that OB-Rb is also expressed in human vasculature and in primary cultures of human endothelial cells. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that leptin has angiogenic activity. In vivo, leptin induced neovascularization in corneas from normal rats but not in corneas from falfa Zucker rats, which lack functional leptin receptors. These observations indicate that the vascular endothelium is a target for leptin and suggest a physiological mechanism whereby leptin-induced angiogenesis may facilitate increased energy expenditure

Abstract Excessive consumption of high-fat food has been associated with increased prevalence of obesity. The physiological and metabolic effects of high-fat diets have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the behavioral mechanisms associated with the development of obesity induced by consumption of these diets has been less explored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in the behavioral feeding patterns produced by the consumption of a high-fat diet during 10 days. Male Wistar rats with free access to food were assigned to one of two groups, and for 10 days, they had access to a high-fat diet (45 % calories from fat) or to a standard diet. Detailed analysis of feeding behavior was performed on days 1, 5 and 10 at the beginning of the dark period. The results showed that subjects exposed to the high-fat diet accumulated more body fat and showed increased feeding efficiency, in absence of excessive body weight increase or alterations in the behavioral satiety sequence pattern. These findings suggest that exposure to high-fat diets may produce behavioral changes before excessive gain of body weight occurs, primarily affecting control mechanisms of feeding efficiency.

The lipoma is a benign neoplasm of slow growth composed of mature fatty cells, usually surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. It does not commonly appear in the oral cavity, corresponding to 0.1 to 5% of benign tumors of the mouth. This article presents the case of a 76-year old female patient with a lesion on papilla and vestibular area between molars 46 and 47, measuring approximately 1.3 x 1.0 cm. The lesion was nucleated and subjected to histological examination, being compatible with a lipoma. This article describes its clinical features, differential diagnosis with other diseases of the oral cavity, and its respective management.

Triacylglycerols are quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis, by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. DGAT plays a fundamental role in the metabolism of cellular diacylglycerol and is important in higher eukaryotes for physiologic processes involving triacylglycerol metabolism such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, and lactation. DGAT is an integral membrane protein that has never been purified to homogeneity, nor has its gene been cloned. We identified an expressed sequence tag clone that shared regions of similarity with acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme that also uses fatty acyl CoA as a substrate. Expression of a mouse cDNA for this expressed sequence tag in insect cells resulted in high levels of DGAT activity in cell membranes. No other acyltransferase activity was detected when a variety of substrates, including cholesterol, were used as acyl acceptors. The gene was expressed in all tissues examined: during differentiation of NIH 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, its expression increased markedly in parallel with increases in DGAT activity. The identification of this cDNA encoding a DGAT will greatly facilitate studies of cellular glycerolipid metabolism and its regulation

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) are a potential cell source for autologous cell therapy due to their regenerative ability. However, detailed cytological or phenotypic characteristics of these cells are still unclear. Therefore, we determined and compared cell size, morphology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profiles of isolated hADMSCs and cells located in human adipose tissues. We also characterized the localization of these cells in vivo. Light microscopy examination at low power revealed that hADMSCs acquired a spindle- shaped morphology after four passages. Additionally, high power views showed that these cells had various sizes, nuclear contours, and cytoplasmic textures. To further evaluate cell morphology, transmission electron microscopy was performed. hADMSCs typically had ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of primitive mesenchymal cells including a relatively high nuclear/cytosol ratio, prominent nucleoli, immature cytoplasmic organelles, and numerous filipodia. Some cells contained various numbers of lamellar bodies and lipid droplets. IHC staining demonstrated that PDGFR and CD10 were constitutively expressed in most hADMSCs regardless of passage number but expression levels of α-SMA, CD68, Oct4 and c-kit varied. IHC staining of adipose tissue showed that cells with immunophenotypic characteristics identical to those of hADMSCs were located mainly in the perivascular adventitia not in smooth muscle area. In summary, hADMSCs were found to represent a heterogeneous cell population with primitive mesenchymal cells that were mainly found in the perivascular adventitia. Furthermore, the cell surface markers would be CD10/PDGFR. To obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic purposes, further studies will be required to establish more specific isolation methods.

Objective: To identify the effects of interventions in strength training programs on adipose tissue in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with overweight and/or obesity. Method: The methodology is based on a systematic review of articles with date ranges 2012-2022 obtained from the Pubmed, Proquest one academic, Google academic, Taylor y Francis Group and Elsevier databases, based on the PRISMA statement. In the 9 articles analyzed in this systematic review, measurements of body composition ICA (waist height index), WC (waist circumference), BMI (body mass index) and fat mass are used. Applied in programs such as combat sports (Judo), body weight (HIIT) and overload exercises (machines and dumbbells). Results: Positive effects were identified in strength training, significantly reducing adipose tissue, this through three modalities; program associated with combat sports, body weight and overload. Conclusión: Strength training in its different manifestations had a positive effect on children and adolescents, with overweight and obesity, in regard to the reduction of adipose tissue, in the age group of 6 to 17 years. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos de las intervenciones en programas de entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el tejido adiposo en niños y adolescentes de 6 a 17 años con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Método: La metodología se basa en una revisión sistemática de artículos con rangos de fechas 2012-2022 obtenidos de las bases de datos Pubmed, Proquest One Academic, Google Academic, Taylor & Francis Group y Elsevier, basándose en la declaración PRISMA. En los 9 artículos analizados en esta revisión sistemática, se utilizan mediciones de composición corporal ICA (Índice cintura altura), PC (perímetro de cintura), IMC (Índice de masa corporal) y masa grasa. Aplicados en programas tales como, deporte de combate (Judo), peso corporal (HIIT) y ejercicios con sobrecarga, (máquinas y mancuernas). Resultados: Se identificaron efectos positivos en los entrenamientos de fuerza, disminuyendo significativamente el tejido adiposo, esto a través tres modalidades: programa asociado a deporte de combate, peso corporal y sobrecarga. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza en sus distintas manifestaciones, tuvo un efecto positivo en niños y adolescentes, con sobrepeso y obesidad, en lo que respecta a la disminución del tejido adiposo en grupo etario de 6 a 17 años, se sugiere que los programas asociados al entrenamiento HIIT sean mayormente utilizado por sus características de fácil implementación, adecuación y efectos.