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This book is a compilation of two recently completed works on the convergence of information and communication technology (ICT) (Singh and Raja 2008, 2009). Since then, convergence, the eroding of boundaries among previously separate ICT services, networks, and business practices, has accelerated and deepened. At the time these reports were written, convergence was already a reality and was picking up pace in low-income countries, as in the rest of the world. Now, as this introduction summarizes, broadband networks are reaching deeper into previously unserved areas. The growing number of people connected to broadband networks are consuming, sharing, and creating new multimedia content and applications. And they are doing this on handheld and portable devices that are less costly and do more than before. All sorts of users, governments, businesses, individuals, and ICT firms, are looking to cut costs while capturing greater value. Taken together, these trends indicate that convergence is set to accelerate even through the ongoing global economic downturn. Countries that enable convergence through appropriate policy and regulatory responses will realize significant benefits in terms of expanded access, lower prices, and greater competition. Chapter two of this book focuses on the strategic implications of convergence and possible policy responses. Chapter three focuses on emerging regulatory practices facilitating multiple plays, or the provision of multiple services, such as voice telephony, broadcasting, and Internet access, by one operator over a single communications network, typically telephone or cable television but increasingly mobile and fixed wireless networks. The book concludes by presenting several best-practice principles for regulatory responses to multiple plays and, to some extent, to convergence more generally. Indeed, the main task for regulators is to remove artificial barriers and restrictions that are remnants of legacy regulation, thus clearing the way for market forces to play out, promoting the public interest, and leading to the realization of a range of benefits for users.

Information technology is critical to improve and raise the level of strategic performance of organizations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of information technology and information technology dimensions (hardware, software, databases, communication networks, and personnel skills) on the strategic performance of Yemeni telecommunications companies and assess the overall level of information technologies and strategic performance of respective companies. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire for data collection. The sample of the study comprised 560 employees out of the total population of 2,238 employees in chosen Yemeni companies. The selected employees included CEOs, deputy executive managers, department managers, section heads, supervisors, and specialists due to the relevance of their roles to information technology and strategic performance. Accordingly, 479 questionnaires were successfully retrieved and analyzed. The findings showed that information technology positively impacts strategic performance (R2 = 0.385; p < 0.05), indicating that information technology plays a significant role in enhancing strategic performance. The dimensions (hardware, databases, and personnel skills) have a statistically significant effect on strategic performance (β = 0.212, 0.205, 0.340; p < 0.05), while software and communication networks showed no statistically significant effect (β = 0.043, 0.033; p > 0.05). Additionally, the findings revealed a high level of information technology and strategic performance in Yemeni companies. These findings indicate that Yemeni telecommunications companies place significant emphasis on information technology and strategic performance.

Recent evidence suggests that increasing overall service coverage and promoting access to telecommunications services have a high economic benefit. Overall, it is estimated that a ten percent increase in mobile telephony penetration could increase economic growth by 0.81 percent in developing countries, whereas a ten percent increase in broadband penetration could increase economic growth by 1.4 percent. In rural and low-income areas in particular, not only do basic telephony services and broadband access allow population to connect with relatives and friends, but they have also introduced a dramatic increase in productivity and in many cases have become the only way for small and medium enterprises in rural areas to access national and, in some cases, global markets. Moreover, the impact of access to telecommunications in rural areas on health, education, disaster management, and local governments has allowed better and more rapid responses, improved coordination, and more effective public management. It is therefore worthwhile to take a second look at all possible policy options, both conventional mechanisms (some of which underutilized) as well as new approaches, to determine whether some of them may be relevant for the emerging agenda of universal broadband access. This paper will first address the necessary conditions required to adopt a more ambitious universal access policy in developing countries. After that, a brief account of the main relevant trends in the industry will be made, followed by a description of twelve different mechanisms for project implementation and six different mechanisms for funding of universal access strategies. Then, an evaluation of the mechanisms will be carried out to identify the most suitable ones. Finally, some recommendations to policy makers on implementation of the preferred mechanisms are also drawn from the analysis.

Objective: This study aims to test the interactive role of human capital in the relationship between digital human resource management and organizational ambidexterity in Iraqi telecommunications companies.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underlie the research are presented. [Digital human resources management, human capital, organizational ambidexterity] stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.   Method: An exploratory analytical approach was used, as the study was based on a stratified random sample of workers from Iraqi telecommunications companies. (350) questionnaires were distributed, and the number of questionnaires retrieved was (20), while those suitable for statistical analysis totaled (330) questionnaires, with a response rate of (90%). advanced statistical program (AMOS. V.26) and statistical program (SPSS.V.26).   Results and Discussion: The results of the study revealed that there is a direct positive influence relationship between (human resource management (digital organizational ambidexterity). The results also showed that there is an interactive role for the variable (human capital) between digital and organizational human resource management ambidexterity). Based on these results, a set of conclusions was formulated and recommendations reached in the study.   Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insight into how the findings can apply or influence practices in the field of HR management and organizational digital ambidexterity. These effects may include companies affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Minerals and the services they provide.   Originality/Value: The importance of this study arose from the scarcity of studies that attempted to identify and understand the nature of the relationship between the variables (digital human resources management, human capital, organizational ambidexterity), as well as the present study's attempt to address a realistic problem issue that affects directly the performance of workers in Iraqi telecommunications companies.

This study investigated the motivators knowledge workers employ when sharing knowledge though enterprise social media (ESM) in a telecommunications context. A questionnaire was distributed among knowledge workers in one of the leading telecommunication companies in the Sultanate of Oman. Based on the Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis of 100 responses from knowledge workers, results showed that technological motivators had significant effects on knowledge workers’ knowledge sharing through ESM. Further analysis based on the knowledge type indicated that technological motivators and organizational motivators significantly impact knowledge workers’ tacit knowledge sharing, whereas only technological motivators impact knowledge workers’ explicit knowledge sharing. This study provides decision makers with useful insights on the motivators of sharing knowledge through ESM and further advances knowledge workers’ learning and business operations, especially in under-investigated countries.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the determinants of management accounting application use in the telecommunications industry whilst considering the moderating role of organisational culture. The determinants examined in this study were company size, business strategy, accountants’ qualifications, market competition and managers’ awareness. Survey questionnaires were distributed to telecommunications companies in Vietnam, which resulted in a dataset of 146 respondents from 164 Vietnamese telecommunications companies and a response rate of 89%. The target respondents were directors, vice directors, managers and chief accountants. The questionnaires were distributed to each company, and the collected data were processed using Microsoft Excel and analysed for conformity using SPSS and Smart-PLS. Path analysis, specifically, structural equation modelling with partial least squares structural equation modelling, was conducted. The findings indicated that all the determinants except company size positively impacted management accounting application use. However, in the presence of organisational culture, company size did positively influence management accounting application use. Moreover, organisational culture enhanced the influence of managers’ awareness on management accounting application use in the Vietnamese telecommunications companies. This research can deepen our understanding of the determinants of management accounting application use and moderating role of organisational culture in the context of the telecommunications industry. The findings can provide empirical evidence to managers of Vietnamese telecommunications companies seeking to enhance the performance of their organisation.

Tyrime analizuojamas telekomunikacijos įmonių įvaizdis, aptariami teoriniai aspektai, pasitelkiant kiekybinę ir kokybinę turinio analizes, tiriami konkrečių įmonių – „Telia“, „Tele2“ ir „Bitė“ kuriami įvaizdžiai populiariausiuose lietuviškuose interneto portaluose. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti, koks „Telia“, „Tele2“ ir „Bitė“ įvaizdis buvo kuriamas Lietuvos interneto žiniasklaidoje 2020 metais. Tyrimas parodė, kad daugiausia straipsnių interneto žiniasklaidoje turi „Telia“. Pozityviausią įvaizdį kuria „Tele2“, negatyviausią – „Telia“. Nustatyta, kad yra sąsaja tarp reklamai išleidžiamų pinigų ir pozityvaus įmonės įvaizdžio pateikimo interneto portaluose. Gauti rezultatai gali būti naudingi telekomunikacijos bendrovių vadovybei ir kitiems tyrėjams, kurie gali pratęsti šį tyrimą. This paper investigates the image of telecommunication companies, discusses theoretical aspects, and, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, examines the image created by specific companies – “Telia”, “Tele2”, and “Bitė” – in the most popular Lithuanian online portals. This paper aims to determine the kinds of image of “Telia”, “Tele2”, and “Bitė” that are presented in Lithuanian online media in 2020. Research has shown that in online media, most articles are about “Telia”. “Tele2“ has the most positive image in the media, whereas “Telia” has the most negative. It was found that there is a relation between advertising investment and the positive image of a brand. The findings can be helpful for telecommunications companies’ management and for other researchers who can continue this research.

In the post COVID-2019 era, companies are making a variety of changes to boost their performance. Companies need to understand that rivalry is for physical and intangible assets, such as intellectual capital, when they want to thrive and succeed in the market. Research on the relationship between intellectual capital and firm performance has become a study that has received wide attention from researchers from various disciplines. The purpose of this research was to analyze how intellectual capital, comprising human, structural and relational capital, affected firm performance in the telecommunications sector during post COVID-2019 era. Quantitative research using a questionnaire survey was used in this study. A valid research instrument was utilized to survey 115 employees from all telecommunications companies in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019–2021. Human, structural, and relational capital were hypothesized to have a positive effect on company performance, and their relationship was investigated. Intellectual capital was found to have a statistically significant and positively impacting relationship with firm performance. Recommendations are then made for researchers and practitioners. This research has implications for practitioners. Practitioners can concentrate efforts on the three main components of intellectual capital management. Furthermore, managers in companies, especially telecommunications companies, understand how intellectual resources evolve following current developments and will ultimately positively impact performance. This is one of the very few studies examining the relationship between intellectual capital and firm performance in the Indonesian telecommunications industry and the first to investigate this relationship with perceptual measures in Indonesia.

Objective: This study aimed to establish that innovation is a major axis that supports the competitive advantage of telecommunications companies, enabling them to launch innovative products and services that meet and exceed customer expectations. It helps improve the quality of services, reduce costs, and exploit new market opportunities, such as new generation networks. Innovation also enhances flexibility and adaptability, which prepares companies to effectively meet market challenges. Methods: The study included a random sample of employees of Palestinian telecommunications companies out of 3,000 employees. 350 responses were collected through an electronic questionnaire and a personal interview, 341 of which were considered valid for statistical analysis. Results: The study shows that there is a weak positive relationship between innovation in self-risk and competitive advantage with a rate of 0.488. The relationship between product, process and technology innovation with competitive advantage is weak and positive. This study analyzes the impact of innovation in different dimensions (product, process, technology and self-risk) on companies' competitive advantage. \"The study found that technological innovation explains 23.3% of competitive advantage, while process innovation accounts for 18.2%, product innovation contributes 6.1% to competitive advantage, and inherent risk innovation explains 23.8% of competitive advantage. The results show the importance of each of these dimensions in enhancing firms' competitive advantage to varying degrees. Recommendations: The researchers recommend that investments in R&D and fostering a culture of innovation are crucial to maintaining the competitive advantage of Palestinian telecom companies. They also emphasize the importance of improving technological infrastructure and developing team skills to support creativity and sustainable innovation.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) (i.e. human capital, structural capital, relational capital) and service quality (SQ) within the Egyptian mobile telecommunications setting.Design/methodology/approachA valid research instrument was utilized to conduct a survey of 384 top- middle- and supervisory level managers from three Egyptian mobile telecommunications companies.FindingsHypotheses related to the relationship of human, structural and relational capital and their influence on SQ were tested. Results show that Egyptian mobile telecommunications companies have mostly emphasized the use of structural capital to boost their SQ.Research limitations/implicationsThis is an empirical research applied in the Egyptian telecommunications setting. Its relationships need further investigation in other settings and countries. Also, the traditional limitations of a cross-sectional study apply with respect to the attribution of causality and the time lag effects.Practical implicationsThe optimal procedure for the Egyptian mobile telecommunications companies is to focus their efforts on managing all three components of IC in order to improve their SQ and performance.Originality/valueThis is one of the very few researches to study the relationship between intellectual capital and service quality and the first to investigate these relationships in the Arab Region within the mobile telecommunications setting.