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Predictive handover mechanism for seamless mobility in 5G and beyond networks
Scalability is one of the important parameters for mobile communication networks of the present generation and further to the future 5G and beyond networks. When a user is in motion transferring from one cell site to another, then the handover procedure becomes important in the sense that it ensures that a user gets consistent connection without interruption. Nevertheless, the classic handover process in cellular networks has some sort of drawback like causing service interruptions, affecting packet transmission, and increased latency which is highly uncongenial to the evolving applications which have stringent requirement to latency. To overcome these challenges and improve the mobile handover in 5G and future mobile networks, this article puts forth a predictive handover mechanism using reinforcement learning algorithm. The RL algorithm outperforms the ML algorithm in several aspects. Compared to ML, RL has a higher handover success rate (∼95% vs. ∼90%), lower latency (∼30 ms vs. ∼40 ms), reduced failure rate (∼5% vs. ∼10%), and shorter disconnection time (∼50 ms vs. ∼70 ms). This demonstrates the RL algorithm's superior ability to adapt to dynamic network conditions. To improve the mobile handover in 5G and future mobile networks, this article puts forth a predictive handover mechanism using reinforcement learning algorithm. The RL algorithm outperforms the ML algorithm in several aspects as the results of this paper have shown.
Journal Article
Optimization of Computer Networks
This book covers the design and optimization of computer networks applying a rigorous optimization methodology, applicable to any network technology. It is organized into two parts. In Part 1 the reader will learn how to model network problems appearing in computer networks as optimization programs, and use optimization theory to give insights on them. Four problem types are addressed systematically – traffic routing, capacity dimensioning, congestion control and topology design.
Part 2 targets the design of algorithms that solve network problems like the ones modeled in Part 1. Two main approaches are addressed – gradient-like algorithms inspiring distributed network protocols that dynamically adapt to the network, or cross-layer schemes that coordinate the cooperation among protocols; and those focusing on the design of heuristic algorithms for long term static network design and planning problems.
Following a hands-on approach, the reader will have access to a large set of examples in real-life technologies like IP, wireless and optical networks. Implementations of models and algorithms will be available in the open-source Net2Plan tool from which the user will be able to see how the lessons learned take real form in algorithms, and reuse or execute them to obtain numerical solutions.
An accompanying link to the author's own Net2plan software enables readers to produce numerical solutions to a multitude of real-life problems in computer networks (www.net2plan.com).
eBook
Performance analysis of energy efficient clustering protocols for maximising lifetime of wireless sensor networks
Over the last couple of decades, clustering-based protocols are believed to be the best for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because they work on the principle of divide and conquer. In this study, the authors propose and evaluate two new clustering-based protocols for heterogeneous WSNs, which are called single-hop energy-efficient clustering protocol (S-EECP) and multi-hop energy-efficient clustering protocol (M-EECP). In S-EECP, the cluster heads (CHs) are elected by a weighted probability based on the ratio between residual energy of each node and average energy of the network. The nodes with high initial energy and residual energy will have more chances to be elected as CHs than nodes with low energy whereas in M-EECP, the elected CHs communicate the data packets to the base station via multi-hop communication approach. To analyse the lifetime of the network, the authors assume three types of sensor nodes equipped with different battery energy. Finally, simulation results indicate that the authors protocols prolong network lifetime, and achieve load balance among the CHs better than the existing clustering protocols.
Journal Article
Signal traffic : critical studies of media infrastructures
\"The contributors to Signal Traffic investigate how the material artifacts of media infrastructure--transoceanic cables, mobile telephone towers, Internet data centers, and the like--intersect with everyday life. Essayists confront the multiple and hybrid forms networks take, the different ways networks are imagined and engaged with by publics around the world, their local effects, and what human beings experience when a network fails. Some contributors explore the physical objects and industrial relations that make up an infrastructure. Others venture into the marginalized communities orphaned from the knowledge economies, technological literacies, and epistemological questions linked to infrastructural formation and use. The wide-ranging insights delineate the oft-ignored contrasts between industrialized and developing regions, rich and poor areas, and urban and rural settings, bringing technological differences into focus. Contributors include Charles R. Acland, Paul Dourish, Sarah Harris, Jennifer Holt and Patrick Vonderau, Shannon Mattern, Toby Miller, Lisa Parks, Christian Sandvig, Nicole Starosielski, Jonathan Sterne, and Helga Tawil-Souri\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
6G Enabling Technologies New Dimensions to Wireless Communication
The sixth generation of wireless communication (6G), succeeding 5G cellular technology, opens up several possibilities in terms of technology and its offered services. 6G is expected to allow usage of available higher frequency spectrums to cater to increased capacity, throughput, and low latency (<1 µs). 6G will witness the unification of various technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), etc., to provide an immersive user experience. It is foreseen as the accelerator of transformation and innovation globally. To make this book a fundamental resource, we have invited world-renowned experts in 6G from the industry and academia to pen down their ideas on different aspects of 6G research. The chapters in this book cover a broader scope and various related and unrelated verticals. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: • 6G use cases, requirements, and enabling technologies • new spectrums and their challenges for 6G • privacy preservation in 6G networks • aerial infrastructure for 6G networks • economic challenges associated with 6G wireless networks. The encompassing intent of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface, and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks.
eBook