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"TERRITORIALITY"
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Territory, globalization and international relations : the cartographic reality of space
This book addresses one of the core concepts across the social sciences: territory. Social theory has struggled to conceptualize territorial space in the nexus between the 'state' and 'global change'. This innovative book argues that the discussion of territorial change remains trapped within a dual tension between subjectivist and objectivist accounts of space, and a flawed dichotomy between global and territorial space. In order to address these problems, this book analyzes the history of cartography as a way to understand the nature of modern political space. From the 15th to the 17th century European cartography underwent a transformation establishing a new reality of space that conditioned the possibility of developing centralised sovereign territorial states within a unified global framework. This so-called modern cartography produced space as an autonomous sphere based on abstract mathematical principles. To understand the relationship between territory and globalisation we have to understand that both depend on a cartographic reality of space. This has profound implications for our understanding of political identity, changes associated with globalization, and explains why state territory has proven such a persistent dimension in global politics. -- Back cover.
Book
Fidelity to territory and mate and the causes and consequences of breeding dispersal in American goshawk (Astur atricapillus)
Using mark-resight data, we investigated fidelity to territory and mate as well as breeding dispersal rates and the causes and consequences of breeding dispersal in a 20-year study of American goshawks ( Astur atricapillus ) in Arizona, USA. Generalized Additive Mixed Models were used to identify the relative contributions of four prominent explanatory variables (eggs laid, nest failed, nest successful, mate loss) and 21 individual and environmental variables in a machine learning Conditional Inference Forest to predict breeding dispersal. Ninety-five percent of males and 92% of females exhibited lifetime territory fidelity and 97% exhibited lifetime mate fidelity. Mate loss alone (to divorce, possible emigration or death) made the biggest difference in the predicted probability of dispersal (0.11 with mate loss, 0.005 with mate retention). Yet, in 80% of mate losses a hawk stayed on its territory to eventually nest with a new mate. Territory fidelity was highest when the mate was retained in the next breeding and the pair’s previous attempt produced fledglings. All males and 86% of females that dispersed to a territory in our study area moved no farther than to a 3rd-order neighboring territory (crossed 2 territories). Despite equivocal evidence of dispersal to territories more frequently occupied by egg-layers, there was otherwise little evidence that hawks on average dispersed to better territories. On average reproduction did not improve post-dispersal and dispersers did not move to territories with greater total (all monitored yrs) reproduction. Goshawks losing their mates appeared to use a home-based mate searching that minimized loss of a familiar territory by waiting on their territory for a new mate and prospecting nearby territories for unpaired mates. The small sample of nearby prospected territories, combined with fortuitous occurrences of unpaired mates, resulted in random (with respect to quality) selections of territories by dispersers.
Journal Article
Female behavior drives the formation of distinct social structures in C57BL/6J versus wild-derived outbred mice in field enclosures
Background
Social behavior and social organization have major influences on individual health and fitness. Yet, biomedical research focuses on studying a few genotypes under impoverished social conditions. Understanding how lab conditions have modified social organizations of model organisms, such as lab mice, relative to natural populations is a missing link between socioecology and biomedical science.
Results
Using a common garden design, we describe the formation of social structure in the well-studied laboratory mouse strain, C57BL/6J, in replicated mixed-sex populations over 10-day trials compared to control trials with wild-derived outbred house mice in outdoor field enclosures. We focus on three key features of mouse social systems: (i) territory establishment in males, (ii) female social relationships, and (iii) the social networks formed by the populations. Male territorial behaviors were similar but muted in C57 compared to wild-derived mice. Female C57 sharply differed from wild-derived females, showing little social bias toward cage mates and exploring substantially more of the enclosures compared to all other groups. Female behavior consistently generated denser social networks in C57 than in wild-derived mice.
Conclusions
C57 and wild-derived mice individually vary in their social and spatial behaviors which scale to shape overall social organization. The repeatable societies formed under field conditions highlights opportunities to experimentally study the interplay between society and individual biology using model organisms.
Journal Article
Social mates dynamically coordinate aggressive behavior to produce strategic territorial defense
Negotiating social dynamics among allies and enemies is a complex problem that often requires individuals to tailor their behavioral approach to a specific situation based on environmental and/or social factors. One way to make these contextual adjustments is by arranging behavioral output into intentional patterns. Yet, few studies explore how behavioral patterns vary across a wide range of contexts, or how allies might interlace their behavior to produce a coordinated response. Here, we investigate the possibility that resident female and male downy woodpeckers guard their breeding territories from conspecific intruders by deploying defensive behavior in context-specific patterns. To study whether this is the case, we use correlation networks to reveal how suites of agonistic behavior are interrelated. We find that residents do organize their defense into definable patterns, with female and male social mates deploying their behaviors non-randomly in a correlated fashion. We then employ spectral clustering analyses to further distill these responses into distinct behavioral motifs. Our results show that this population of woodpeckers adjusts the defensive motifs deployed according to threat context. When we combine this approach with behavioral transition analyses, our results reveal that pair coordination is a common feature of territory defense in this species. However, if simulated intruders are less threatening, residents are more likely to defend solo, where only one bird deploys defensive behaviors. Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that nonhuman animals can pattern their behavior in a strategic and coordinated manner, while demonstrating the power of systems approaches for analyzing multiagent behavioral dynamics.
Journal Article
The wild ones
After his parents are killed, Kit, a young raccoon sets off for the city with a stone that may be the key to finding the Bone of Contention, a legendary object that is proof of a deal giving the wild animals the rights to Ankle Snap Alley, which the dogs and cats--known as the flealess--want back and are willing to kill for.
Book
Territorialidade e ancestralidade: formação e reconhecimento da comunidade pescadora extrativista do Quilombo do Degredo, Brasil
This article explores the interplay between ancestry and territoriality in the formation and formal recognition of the quilombola fishing and extractive community of Degredo, Brazil. Using participant observation, focus groups, and interviews conducted between 2018 and 2021, the study examines how community members perceive their identity and territoriality, and how these factors influenced the recognition process. The Degredo community faces daily challenges, including interference from exploitative enterprises and conflicts with regional farmers. Deeply connected to the sea, rivers, and lagoons—essential spaces for family life and collective activities—the community frequently engages in environmental licensing processes characterized by limited dialogue and minimal participation. They also confront broader issues such as road construction projects, backyard pipelines, inadequate infrastructure, and restricted access to social rights, including education, healthcare, transportation, housing, employment, and income. In response to these adversities, the Degredo quilombola community has fostered strong collective mobilization to defend their territorial rights and maintain their way of life, which in turn shapes their unique identity and territoriality. The 2015 collapse of the Fundão dam, owned by the Samarco mining company in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, exacerbated these challenges. By February 2016, mining tailings carried by the wind had reached Degredo beach, further affecting the community. Drawing on critical political ecology, this article highlights how Degredo contends with agricultural and industrial exploitation projects while addressing long-standing socio-environmental conflicts. The study also delves into the community’s process of self-determination and its formal recognition as a quilombola by Brazil’s National Agrarian Reform Institute and the Palmares Cultural Foundation.
Journal Article
Origins of music in credible signaling
Music comprises a diverse category of cognitive phenomena that likely represent both the effects of psychological adaptations that are specific to music (e.g., rhythmic entrainment) and the effects of adaptations for non-musical functions (e.g., auditory scene analysis). How did music evolve? Here, we show that prevailing views on the evolution of music – that music is a byproduct of other evolved faculties, evolved for social bonding, or evolved to signal mate quality – are incomplete or wrong. We argue instead that music evolved as a credible signal in at least two contexts: coalitional interactions and infant care. Specifically, we propose that (1) the production and reception of coordinated, entrained rhythmic displays is a co-evolved system for credibly signaling coalition strength, size, and coordination ability; and (2) the production and reception of infant-directed song is a co-evolved system for credibly signaling parental attention to secondarily altricial infants. These proposals, supported by interdisciplinary evidence, suggest that basic features of music, such as melody and rhythm, result from adaptations in the proper domain of human music. The adaptations provide a foundation for the cultural evolution of music in its actual domain, yielding the diversity of musical forms and musical behaviors found worldwide.
Journal Article