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A Comprehensive Assessment of the Precision and Agreement of Anterior Corneal Power Measurements Obtained Using 8 Different Devices
To comprehensively assess the precision and agreement of anterior corneal power measurements using 8 different devices.
Thirty-five eyes from 35 healthy subjects were included in the prospective study. In the first session, a single examiner performed on each subject randomly measurements with the RC-5000 (Tomey Corp., Japan), KR-8000 (Topcon, Japan), IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany), E300 (Medmont International, Australia), Allegro Topolyzer (Wavelight AG, Germany), Vista (EyeSys, TX), Pentacam (Oculus, Germany) and Sirius (CSO, Italy). Measurements were repeated in the second session (1 to 2 weeks later). Repeatability and reproducibility of corneal power measurements were assessed based on the intrasession and intersession within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability (2.77Sw), coefficient of variation (COV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was evaluated by 95% limits of agreement (LoA).
All devices demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility of the keratometric values (2.77Sw<0.36D, COV<0.3%, ICC>0.98). Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post test showed statistically significant differences (P<0.01) among mean keratometric values of most instruments; the largest differences were observed between the EyeSys Vista and Medmont E300. Good agreement (i.e., 95%LoA within ± 0.5D) was found between most instruments for flat, steep and mean keratometry, except for EyeSys and Medmont. Repeatability and reproducibility of vectors J(0) and J(45) was good, as the ICCs were higher than 0.9, except J(45) of Medmont and Pentacam. For the 95% LoAs of J(0) and J(45), they were all ≤ ± 0.31 among any two paired devices.
The 8 devices showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility. The results obtained using the RC-5000, KR-8000, IOLMaster, Allegro Topolyzer, Pentacam and Sirius were comparable, suggesting that they could be used interchangeably in most clinical settings. Caution is warranted with the measurements of the EyeSys Vista and Medmont E300, which should not be used interchangeably with other devices due to lower agreement.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01587287.
Journal Article
The deepest map : the high-stakes race to chart the world's oceans
\"The dramatic and action-packed story of the last mysterious place on earth--the world's seafloor--and the deep-sea divers, ocean mappers, marine biologists, entrepreneurs, and adventurers involved in the historic push to chart it, as well as the opportunities, challenges, and perils this exploration holds now and for the future\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Correction: Topographic Variation in Aboveground Biomass in a Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in China
The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. A correct version of Table 3 is available here: thumbnail Download: * PPT PowerPoint slide * PNG larger image * TIFF original image Figures Citation: Lin D, Lai J, Muller-Landau HC, Mi X, Ma K (2013) Correction: Topographic Variation in Aboveground Biomass in a Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in China.
Journal Article
The eye of war : military perception from the telescope to the drone
\"This project explores how technologies of perception -- the ability to detect and to avoid detection -- have transformed modern warfare. The book spans from the Renaissance, where the rationalization of vision and space started to influence military strategy, to the present day, where combatants increasingly face off in the perceptual realm of drones and satellites as much as the physical battlefield. Each chapter explores a different perceptual theme: sensing, imaging, mapping and hiding\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Topográfiai térképek megbízhatósága terepmodell előállításához
A tanulmányban áttekintem az I. katonai felméréstol napjainkig készített topográfiai felméréseket. Összehasonlítom ezek geodéziai alapjait, a használt eszközöket, és az általuk biztosítható pontosságokat. Bemutatom a II. világháború utáni katonai és polgári topográfiai felmérések és térképezések különbségeit. A topográfiai térképek felhasználása a környezeti katasztrófák elhárítása során is fontos, ezért vizsgálom a pontossági követelményeiket és gyakorlati alkalmazási lehetoségeiket. Célom a topográfiai térképek felhasználhatóságát vizsgálni a hullámtéri árvízlevezeto képesség modellezéséhez készítendo terepmodell létrehozásához.
Journal Article
Solving the puzzle under the sea : Marie Tharp maps the ocean floor
\"This illustrated biography shares the story of female scientist, Marie Tharp, a pioneering woman scientist and the first person to ever successfully map the ocean floor\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
CONOCER, MEDIR Y DIBUJAR EL TERRITORIO. ORÍGENES Y ETAPA FORMATIVA DEL DEPARTAMENTO TOPOGRÁFICO DE BUENOS AIRES (1824-1851)
In the River Plate area after the Declaration of Independence in 1816, knowledge of the territory became a key tool in the generation of a new order. Land was considered the main source of wealth, and the creation of the Department of Topography put in motion the work of specialists in the measurement and representation of the Province of Buenos Aires. The intention is to reflect on graphic representation as a tool for the appropriation, control and projection of space. Para tener una idea del valor de la suscripción, hemos comparado este valor con el de los sueldos anuales de los miembros del DT que aparece en una comunicación de 2 de abril de 1834, donde se especifica que el sueldo del cargo más alto del primer oficial del DT -que en ese momento era Saturnino Salas- era de 1.200 pesos anuales, y el de los delineadores, de 700.
Journal Article
The underworld : journeys to the depths of the ocean
\"From New York Times bestselling author Susan Casey, an awe-inspiring portrait of the mysterious world beneath the waves, and the men and women who seek to uncover its secrets For all of human history, the deep ocean has been a source of wonder and terror, an unknown realm that evoked a singular, compelling question: What's down there? Unable to answer this for centuries, people believed the deep was a sinister realm of fiendish creatures and deadly peril. But now, cutting-edge technologies allow scientists and explorers to dive miles beneath the surface, and we are beginning to understand this strange and exotic underworld: A place of soaring mountains, smoldering volcanoes, and valleys 7,000 feet deeper than Everest is high, where tectonic plates collide and separate, and extraordinary life forms operate under different rules. Far from a dark void, the deep is a vibrant realm that's home to pink gelatinous predators and shimmering creatures a hundred feet long and ancient animals with glass skeletons and sharks that live for half a millennium-among countless other marvels. Susan Casey is our premiere chronicler of the aquatic world. For The Underworld she traversed the globe, joining scientists and explorers on dives to the deepest places on the planet, interviewing the marine geologists, marine biologists, and oceanographers who are searching for knowledge in this vast unseen realm. She takes us on a fascinating journey through the history of deep-sea exploration, from the myths and legends of the ancient world to storied shipwrecks we can now reach on the bottom, to the first intrepid bathysphere pilots, to the scientists who are just beginning to understand the mind-blowing complexity and ecological importance of the quadrillions of creatures who live in realms long thought to be devoid of life. Throughout this journey, she learned how vital the deep is to the future of the planet, and how urgent it is that we understand it in a time of increasing threats from climate change, industrial fishing, pollution, and the mining companies that are also exploring its depths. The Underworld is Susan Casey's most beautiful and thrilling book yet, a gorgeous evocation of the natural world and a powerful call to arms\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
CLIMATE PROCESS TEAM ON INTERNAL WAVE–DRIVEN OCEAN MIXING
Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean and, consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing rates are on average consistent with values required by inverse models, recent attention has focused on the dramatic spatial variability, spanning several orders of magnitude, of mixing rates in both the upper and deep ocean. Away from ocean boundaries, the spatiotemporal patterns of mixing are largely driven by the geography of generation, propagation, and dissipation of internal waves, which supply much of the power for turbulent mixing. Over the last 5 years and under the auspices of U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR), a National Science Foundation (NSF)- and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-supported Climate Process Team has been engaged in developing, implementing, and testing dynamics-based parameterizations for internal wave–driven turbulent mixing in global ocean models. The work has primarily focused on turbulence 1) near sites of internal tide generation, 2) in the upper ocean related to wind-generated near inertial motions, 3) due to internal lee waves generated by low-frequency mesoscale flows over topography, and 4) at ocean margins. Here, we review recent progress, describe the tools developed, and discuss future directions.
Journal Article