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"TRADE IN SERVICES"
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International trade in health services and the GATS : current issues and debates
To provide readers with a better understanding of the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), this title brings together over 15 experts to examine its implications for health services in developing countries.
eBook
Reassessing Services Trade Barriers: Evidence from Turkish Microdata and the STRI Framework
This study examines two key challenges in services trade research: the reliability of trade data and the measurement of non-tariff barriers, particularly the Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI). Using firm-level panel data from Turkiye with fixed effects, we show that international data limitations significantly affect empirical results and that the explanatory power of the gravity model declines with more detailed microdata. We also find that the STRI's link to trade flows is weaker and more sector-specific than assumed, questioning its methodological adequacy. Additionally, ad valorem equivalent (AVE) rates are estimated, revealing moderate barriers for Türkiye's exports but much higher protection in imports, notably in technical services and transport. The findings highlight the need for sector-specific liberalization and call for next-generation STRI indices that are dynamic, firm-responsive, and modular by regulatory dimension. We advocate for cautious interpretation of STRI-based estimates and encourage the use of microdata across countries to improve services trade analysis and policy design.
Journal Article
Public services and international trade liberalization : human rights and gender implications
\"Does public service liberalization pose a threat to gender and human rights? Traditionally considered essential services provided by a state to its citizens, public services are often viewed as public goods which embody social values. Subjecting them to market ideology thus raises concerns that the intrinsic social nature of these services will be negated. Moreover, as those most likely to be reliant on public services, public service liberalization may also further marginalize women. Nevertheless, states continue to increasingly liberalize public services. Barnali Choudhury explores the implications of public service liberalization. Using primarily a legal approach, but drawing from case studies, empirical research and gender theories, she examines whether liberalization under the General Agreement on Trade in Services and other liberalization vehicles such as preferential trade and investment agreements compromise human rights and gender objectives\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Effect of Binding Commitments on Services Trade
It has long been established in theory that uncertainty impacts on firm behaviour. However, the empirical basis for quantifying the uncertainty-reducing effects of trade agreements has not been firmly established. In this paper, we develop estimates of the effect of reducing uncertainty regarding regulation of foreign services markets by making commitments that are bound under a trade agreement. Specifically, we identify the effect on services trade of services trade restrictions, as measured by the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), and the separate effect of ‘water’ in binding commitments, as assessed by the difference between countries’ commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or free trade agreements (FTAs) and applied levels of market access, as captured by STRI scores. Using a gravity model, we find that services trade responds positively but inelastically to reductions in services trade barriers, as measured by the STRI and, in our preferred regression, the response to actual restrictions is more than twice – specifically 2.4 times – as strong as the response to comparable reductions in uncertainty, as measured by water. Moving from GATS commitments to FTA commitments leads to a 4.7% increase in services trade because of the reduction in uncertainty.
Journal Article
Africa's silk road : China and India's new economic frontier
New horizons are opening for Africa, with a growing number of Chinese andIndian businesses fostering its integration into advanced markets. However,significant imbalances will have to be addressed on both sides of the equation to support long-term growth.
eBook
Service Provision and Migration
Service Provision and Migration provides a thorough overview of EU and WTO service trade liberalization related to movement of natural persons (GATS Mode 4) and the implementation of the resulting obligations within Dutch and UK immigration law.
eBook
Services Trade and Policy
A substantial body of research has taken shape on trade in services since the mid-1980s. Much of this is inspired by the WTO and regional trade agreements. However, an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of unilateral services sector liberalization. The literature touches on important linkages between trade and FDI in services and the general pattern of productivity growth and economic development. This paper surveys the literature on services trade, focusing on contributions that investigate the determinants of international trade and investment in services, the potential gains from greater trade, and efforts to cooperate to achieve such liberalization through trade agreements. There is increasing evidence that services liberalization is a major potential source of gains in economic performance, including productivity in manufacturing and the coordination of activities both between and within firms. The performance of service sectors, and thus services policies, may also be an important determinant of trade volumes, the distributional effects of trade, and overall patterns of economic growth and development. At the same time, services trade is also a source of increasing political unease about the impacts of globalization on labor markets, linked to worries about offshoring and the potential pressure this places on wages in high income countries.
Journal Article
Services trade and development : the experience of Zambia
Some see trade in services as irrelevant to the development agenda for least developed countries (LDCs). Others see few benefits from past market openings by LDCs. This book debunks both views. It finds that serious imperfections in Zambia's reform of services trade deprived the country of significant benefits and diminished faith in liberalization. What is to be done? Move aggressively and consistently to eliminate barriers to entry and competition. Develop and enforce regulations to deal with market failures. And implement proactive policies to widen the access of firms, farms, and consumers to services of all kinds. These lessons from Zambia are applicable to all LDCs. In all this, international agreements can help. But to succeed, LDCs must commit to open markets and their trading partners must provide assistance for complementary reforms. Zambia, which leads the LDC group at the World Trade Organization, can show the way.
eBook