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Bulu and Peterongan are traditional markets with a history related to Semarang City, Indonesia. They have both been transformed into new markets with better and more complete buildings and facilities. It was conducted by the government to realize the people’s market revitalization program and sustainable development goals (SDGs) because sustainability is very important for historical buildings. This however, has reduced their conservative buildings due to the reconstruction of the Bulu Market after a fire accident and almost 75% of the buildings in Peterongan Market. The development caused a reduction in the demand of traders to sell and customers to shop due to the discomfort provided by the post-revitalization buildings. Therefore, a qualitative method was applied in this study to explain the phenomenon and sustainability of the post-revitalization of these two markets, and the findings are expected to be used in forming the strategy to encourage the sustainability of these markets.

Background The Hakka are one of the major subgroups of the Han  Chinese in China, with a unique migration history and a rich traditional medicine system. Traditional markets serve as centers for the exchange of Hakka medicinal culture and play a vital role in maintaining residents’ health. However, medicinal plants traded in traditional Hakka markets have not been documented in southeastern Guangxi, China. Methods We documented the medicinal plants traded in the market of Hakka communities in southeastern Guangxi, China, by interviewing 106 traditional shopkeepers. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and relative importance value (RI) were used to evaluate the most medicinal plants traded in the market of Hakka communities, and the Jaccard index of similarity (JI) was used to assess the similarity of plants used by Hakka from different communities in China. Results We documented 305 medicinal plant species, with the Fabaceae family being the most represented (27 species). In terms of life form, herbs constituted the largest group, accounting for 130 species (42.62%). Regarding plant parts used, leaves were the most commonly utilized, reported for 122 species (32.36%). The recorded medicinal plants exhibit 63 therapeutic effects and are used to treat 117 ailments across 14 disease categories. The most frequently cited medicinal use was for the treatment of physical trauma (126 species, 41.31%), followed by digestive disorders (96 species, 31.47%), skin diseases (90 species, 29.51%), and detoxification (79 species, 25.90%). Twenty-eight plant species had a relative citation frequency (RFC) greater than 0.5, and 23 species had a relative importance (RI) value of ≥ 1.25. A comparative analysis with medicinal plants recorded in Hakka communities of Guangdong and Ganzhou revealed some similarities, with Jaccard index (JI) values of 0.10 and 0.06, respectively. Conclusion The local shopkeepers of traditional markets in Hakka communities in southeastern Guangxi are prosperous in their knowledge of medicinal plant use. We recommend conserving these medicinal plants of local people by promoting the traditional market, which fosters people's livelihood through income generation and supports the sustainability of the traditional knowledge system.

Sukawati Art Market is one of the distinguished art markets in Bali for decades, which is also close to the Sukawati Public Market. The government is making efforts to revitalize the Sukawati Public Market to become the Sukawati Art Market, while the Sukawati Public Market is being relocated to a new location far from settlements. So that during the two years of the market revitalization and reallocation program it was quiet and triggered the emergence of traders around the old market area which disturbed public order. The purpose of this research is to analyze the polemic of stakeholders objectives regarding the Sukawati Market revitalization and relocation program, using MACTOR analysis. The results of the analysis show that local government, village government, and custom village are regulatory actors, while traditional markets' sellers are the main target of the project and serve as mediation to other actors. Actors still have polemic interests, especially traders outside the market. Therefore the local government needs to control, educate, and make innovation to facilitate the sellers around outside the traditional market. The revitalization program and market relocation are successful, the traditional markets’ sellers return to selling, and the market will be busy again.

Traditional food markets in lower-income countries are constructed through the interactions of their participants: those who sell food and those who buy it. Their joint actions and motivations interact to determine what is sold, to whom, and at which price; these actions are shaped by interpersonal relationships and cultural norms. Understanding these dynamics is useful for crafting equitable and impactful policies and program interventions that leverage, rather than oppose, market actors’ initial motivations. This paper examines this process of “making a market” through a case study of vendors and consumers in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. It answers four interrelated research questions through a series of in-depth interviews with consumers (n = 47) and vendors (n = 37) using methods drawn from focused ethnography. The results demonstrate that market transactions are influenced by a complex interaction of vendors’ norms on competition and collaboration, consumers’ needs for credit amid unpredictable prices and restrictive gender norms, and a “moral economy” that appears to guide market actors’ behavior. Based on this, it is suggested that the conceptualization of which characteristics shape consumer choices within food environments should be broadened to include factors such as credit access and bargaining ability, and the trusted interpersonal relationships that enable them.

This paper presents a study on one aspect of windcatcher implementation, to optimize air intake. This study aims to investigate the optimal aspect of natural ventilation in providing the required wind intake in the building to maintain the level of air intake in the room. The Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that each market must have 20% ventilation of the space and face each other. This study examines the most optimal strategy to obtain the ventilation intake, the method used is a quantitative method by comparing alternative variables. And the results of the comparison provide selected alternative elements that can be used to improve natural ventilation in traditional market.

Business competition between traditional markets and modern minimarkets is crucial as both types of markets play a role in the economy, especially in low-income countries such as Indonesia. Traditional markets are often the center of the local economy that provides livelihood for many small traders, while modern minimarkets offer convenience and competitive prices, this study aims to determine the distribution of minimarkets towards traditional markets using coordinate point data for each location. The results show that the distribution of minimarkets is clustered in two sub-districts.

Provide an in-depth examination of consumers' food safety beliefs and practices to draw implications for interventions to improve nutrition and food safety in Ethiopia. Adapted Focused Ethnographic Study approach using in-person semi-structured interviews and free-listing exercises, in two iterative phases. A traditional food market in Hawassa, a mid-sized city. Forty-six market shoppers, selected randomly in line with quotas for age and gender. Consumers did not clearly differentiate between quality and safety, seeing them through connected concepts such as 'freshness'. While most respondents had some understanding of the causes of unsafe food, they did not generally worry about becoming ill themselves and felt food safety risks were easily mitigated through in-home behaviours. Thus, food safety practices were not a main motivator of market or vendor choice. There was no evidence that food safety concerns led consumers to prefer packaged, processed food or to avoid consuming fresh foods. The study offers novel depth and detail on a topic of strong policy relevance. While building on an encouraging base of understanding of food safety, there remains considerable scope for increasing knowledge, particularly with regard to the need to procure safe food as opposed to expecting household-level practices to mitigate all safety risks. Motivating customers to give food safety factors more consideration when making food purchasing decisions, such as by leveraging emotion-based communication from trusted messengers to elevate the issue's salience in their minds, may contribute to improvements in food safety in low-income countries such as Ethiopia.

Foodborne disease is a major challenge for food systems worldwide, particularly in lower-income countries. In the absence of developed, enforced regulation and inspection systems, informal actors like market food vendors play a critical role in ensuring the safety of food. Understanding their perspective is thus essential for reducing the burden of foodborne disease. This study examines this topic among traditional market vendors in Hawassa, Ethiopia using in-depth qualitative interviews and cognitive mapping techniques. We synthesize the data to consider vendors’ capacity to provide safer food and their incentives to do so. The results show that vendors’ food safety actions were limited, and they saw considerable barriers to enacting recommended practices, particularly due to the limited infrastructure available in the market. Capacity is limited by the fact that, while vendors have some understanding of key concepts related to food safety, there are also large gaps in their knowledge. Generally, vendors face few regulatory incentives: they have limited interactions with authority figures, including for food safety. Social incentives are also limited: food safety was not a top concern for vendors nor was it prominent in their interactions with consumers, who focused mostly on price. Results are interpreted to discuss the way forward for improving food safety in traditional markets in Ethiopia, taking into account these constraints.

Background Mountains, shaped by geophysical barriers and environmental gradients and with biodiversity, serve as critical hotspots of co-evolved biocultural diversity and traditional ecological knowledge. Within China’s Hengduan Mountain Range, the Wuliang and Ailao Mountains (Yunnan Province, southwestern China) are global biodiversity conservation priorities. Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, encircled by mountain ranges, possesses exceptional biological and biocultural resources. Meanwhile, local traditional markets emerge as ethnobiologically vital nexus, sustaining socioeconomic interaction while serving as reservoirs of genetic resources with associated traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to (1) Systematically document edible & medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge in Jingdong County, and identify culturally significant species for local communities. (2) Explore the multidimensional functions of traditional markets and clarify their key contributions. (3) Clarify how and why traditional markets can further enhance local wisdom preservation and community resilience. Methods The ethnobotanical surveys were conducted both in the large periodic traditional markets across three seasons in Jingdong County to document utilized plants and associated traditional knowledge. Additional ethnobotanical investigations were conducted in 7 towns and villages to gather supplementary information on some key cultural and economic plants. The species of significant importance to local people were identified using the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) method, and comparisons among local ethnic groups, previous investigations were conducted with the Jaccard similarity index (JI) to identify specificity and commonalities. For each documented species, the vernacular names, growth form, source, consumed parts, processing method, and the effectiveness, and additional use(s) of utilized plants were recorded. The original disease records were standardized according to the WHO International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-3). Results The ethnobotanical surveys documented 226 taxa (including species and varieties) from 84 families and 187 genera, with Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Fabaceae being the most frequently represented families. Of these, 59 taxa were primarily used as edible plants (EP), 70 taxa as medicinal plants (MP), and 97 taxa as medicinal food plants (MFP). For edible purposes, leaves were the predominated part and were typically stir-fried. For medicinal use, the main preparation method was decoction or alcohol maceration, and the primary used part were roots. A total of 47 human ailments mentioned by informants were classified into 13 ICPC-3 categories, with the “Immune System” category being the most numerous. The utilization of MFP and dietary regimen concepts reflects the rich biocultural diversity and survival wisdom of local people. A quantitative analysis using RFC demonstrated that plants such as Aralia gintungensis and Trachycarpus fortunei were important to local communites. Similarity analysis revealed that the difference between the Yi and Han people was minimal (JI = 0.62), whereas the plant species sold at the market and those used by village herbalists differed from each other (JI = 0.09). Additionally, in such remote areas, traditional markets serve as a critical nexus that connects livelihood support, knowledge transmission, and resource preservation. Conclusion This study presented 226 taxa of edible and medicinal plants utilized by local communities in Jingdong, showcasing the rich biocultural diversity of this intermontane region. Additionally, the study analyzed how local traditional markets in remote mountainous areas function as essential hubs for socioeconomic interaction and living reservoirs of plant resources with their traditional knowledge. Our findings highlight the need to enhance attention and resource allocation to local markets, thereby enabling markets to mobilize their potentials in foresting the synergy between conservation and sustainable development through a bottom-up approach for the indigenous peoples and local communities.

Traditional food markets are a key node of resilient food systems worldwide. However, improper food handling and limitations in market structures may result in foodborne disease. This study assessed the decision-making of consumers and vendors in traditional markets to identify opportunities to reduce foodborne contamination and exposure. A cross-sectional survey of 150 consumers and 150 vendors was conducted in Sidama, Ethiopia, in July–August 2022 to investigate practices, behavior drivers, and enabling environment factors relevant to food safety. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics and behavior variables, and the Poverty Probability Index for socioeconomic status. Women consumers were the primary deciders for what food to buy. Of those surveyed, 26% of vendors and 19% of consumers lived below $3.20 USD/day. Consumers choose to purchase food based on price, food quality, vendor personality, and food safety (assessed using visual and sensory cues). Vendors were unconcerned about foodborne disease (73%) and attributed business success to food quality, their personality, and offering discounts. Salience and demand for food quality, as well as trusted relationships, could be leveraged as business incentives for vendors to adopt food safety practices and to increase consumers’ preference for safer food and ability to identify it.