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Background The reported high rate of relapse in the context of an ever-increasing rate of substance abuse internationally and in South Africa together with the fact that the topic of sustained recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD) appears to be totally neglected in extant literature and research agendas motivated the researchers to conduct this investigation. The aim was to obtain an in-depth understanding of how individuals recovering from a SUD experience and sustain their recovery in order to fill the gap in the knowledge base. Methods A qualitative research approach was followed, employing a narrative and phenomenological research design alongside an explorative, descriptive and contextual strategy of inquiry. Fifteen participants were purposefully recruited; and data were collected by means of individual, face-to-face interviews. Schlossberg’s Transition Process Model (1981) (Schlossberg NK, The Counselling Psychologist 1981;9(2):2-18, Schlossberg NK, Journal of Employment Counselling 2011;48:159-162, Anderson ML et al., Counselling adults in transition: linking Schlossberg’s theory with practice in a diverse world., 2012) served as a theoretical framework and provided the backdrop to, and foundation for, the presentation of the research findings. Results Participants’ entry into recovery was triggered by an internal or external crisis caused by chemical substance abuse. They had to embrace a psychological mind set change, involving commitment to a new way of life in order to sustain their recovery. This, among others, was facilitated by participants’ acceptance of the concept of ‘disease of addiction’ or finding a new faith-based identity. The 12-Step programme and further education and development were found to spiritually support sustained recovery. Strong ongoing support from specialised substance abuse support and/or religious groups, interpersonal relationships with family, spouses and sponsors as well as supportive work environments played a major role in sustaining recovery. The act of helping others further helped the participants to sustain their own recovery. Conclusion Regardless of the pathway of recovery, there are key aspects that appear to aid sustained recovery. In grouping these according to the four S’s in Schlossberg’s Transition Process Model (Schlossberg NK, The Counselling Psychologist 1981;9(2):2-18, Journal of Employment Counselling 2011;48:159-162, Anderson ML et al., Counselling adults in transition: linking Schlossberg’s theory with practice in a diverse world., 2012): self, situation, strategies and support, they seem to facilitate the adaptation to transition from addiction to sobriety. Internal psychological and spiritual resources in terms of self; support (from family, church and support groups); strategies to combat cravings and deal with life problems; and avoiding and managing risk-inducing situations to strengthen recovery.

We conducted experiments using an experimental flume with two variable streambed gradients in the upstream and downstream parts with various debris flows, composition sizes, and supply flow rates. We investigated the transition processes of sediment transport modes along the longitudinal distances from the gradient change point using the transition mode indices, ICs¯x, Ih¯x, and IU¯x; these indices were calculated based on measurements of sediment transport concentrations, flow depths, and gravel migration velocities in the debris flow’s front in the downstream part. Using these indices, we postulated that after the debris flow passed the gradient change point, the transition of the sediment transport modes progressed by changing the measured parameters to those in the steady-state condition on the gradient of the downstream parts. In addition, these indices suggested that the gravel migration velocities in the flow front interior changed most rapidly after passing the gradient change point, and that flow depths tended to change most slowly. Finally, the indices suggested that as the debris flow material became finer and the supplied flow rates became larger, the longitudinal transition sections tended to be longer because the momentum needed to transport the material was less than the total debris flow momentum.

In this paper, we consider symmetric jump processes of mixed-type on metric measure spaces under general volume doubling condition, and establish stability of two-sided heat kernel estimates and heat kernel upper bounds. We obtain their stable equivalent characterizations in terms of the jumping kernels, variants of cut-off Sobolev inequalities, and the Faber-Krahn inequalities. In particular, we establish stability of heat kernel estimates for

Odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 (OSR1) serves an important role in the development of the intermediate mesoderm; however, its expression in cancer remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the expression and role of OSR1 in breast cancer development. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect OSR1 expression in breast cancer tissue and western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of OSR1 and related proteins, including β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1. OSR1 expression was increased following transfection of MCF7 cells with OSR1 overexpression vector (MCF7-OSR1) and reduced by transfecting MDA-MB-231 cells with small interfering (si)RNA targeting OSR1 (MDA-MB-231-siOSR1). Cell proliferation and Matrigel™ invasion assays were used to investigate the effects of OSR1 on the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. OSR1 was downregulated in breast cancer tissue compared with that in normal breast tissue and associated with lymph node metastases and estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Furthermore, reduced expression of OSR1 was associated with poor patient prognosis. Overexpression of OSR1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis of MCF7-OSR1 cells demonstrated that compared with that in the control cells, the expression of E-cadherin was increased, whereas that of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins, N-cadherin and Snail, was decreased. In addition, overexpression of OSR1 significantly decreased the expression level of β-catenin and Wnt target genes, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, compared with that in the control cells. These expression patterns were reversed in the MDA-MB-231-siOSR1 cells. The results of the present study suggested that OSR1 downregulates the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway and EMT, which inhibits the proliferative and invasive abilities of breast cancer cells.

In this work, systematic first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the multiband emissions of Bi-doped Y[sub.3]Ga(Al)[sub.5]O[sub.12] phosphors. The predicted emissions of Bi[sup.3+] show that the violet narrow-band emission can be attributed to the [sup.3]P[sub.1]–[sup.1]S[sub.0] transition of Bi[sup.3+] at Y sites, and both the metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) of Bi[sup.3+] at Ga (Al) sites and the luminescence of Bi[sup.3+] dimers can generate visible emissions. Detailed formation energy calculations subsequently rule out the possibility that the visible emission originates from the MMCT of Bi[sup.3+] at Ga (Al), as the concentration of Bi[sub.Y] is much greater than that of B[sub.Ga] (or Bi[sub.Al]). To better understand the relationship between the nephelauxetic effect and the coordination environment, the vacuum-referred binding energy (VRBE) model was utilized to determine the energy levels of bismuth ions relative to the vacuum level in different systems and at different sites. The results provide insight into the relationship between the coordination environment and the emission properties of Bi[sup.3+] and are helpful for analyzing and optimizing the luminescent properties of bismuth-doped garnet-like materials.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420 , 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001

Family business is the most common form of business worldwide. Despite the acknowledged importance of family business in the Croatian economy, there are still no formal and reliable statistics on the national level available regarding the prevalence and impact of this ownership structure. However, it is assumed that family businesses in Croatia employ over half of the total workforce and that the majority of small companies are family-owned. Most of the family-owned companies are still first-generation family firms, owned and managed by the founders but transition processes are taking root. Since the very survival of a family business, continuity, and success depend on the transition process, a substantial body of literature focuses on the transition process and factors that will facilitate a successful transition. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to the existing body of literature by providing a deeper understanding of the transition process specificities in Croatian family-owned companies. In this paper, we analyze differences in the perception of factors relevant to the success of the transition process on the convenience sample of Croatian family-owned companies. The sample included first-generation and second-generation owners and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument. The results of the statistical analysis show that there are significant differences in the perception of factors relevant to the success of the transition process from the founders' and successors' point of view.

Manholes are important structures in urban storm drainage systems connecting roads and underground drainage networks, and they are also an important part of the research on improving urban resistance to storm flooding. Due to cost and space constraints, most of the existing experimental data on manholes come from scale model experiments obtained by scaling according to Froude's similarity criterion, and there is a lack of validation based on full-size experimental data. This also leads to inconsistencies in the form and parameter values of the manhole flow exchange equations derived from different experiments. To remedy this deficiency, a full-scale urban drainage engineering physics model was developed in this study with the aim of investigating the flow exchange of surface water as it flows through manholes into the sewer system. Experiments were conducted under steady flow conditions and compared with predictions from the existing models. The results show that the predictions of the existing model deviate significantly from the measured values when the flow is between free weir flow and submerged orifice flow. Therefore, we constructed a weighting equation based on weir and orifice flows and found that the weighting coefficients decayed exponentially during the transition from weir to orifice flow.

To address the wave control challenges in the surge tanks of hydropower plants with ultra-long headrace tunnels, this study proposed a surge tank configuration with three large-volume water chambers. The transient characteristics under critical operational scenarios such as load acceptance and rejection were analyzed using the one-dimensional method of characteristics (1D MOC). Additionally, the 1D MOC and three-dimensional fluid dynamics (3D CFD) coupled simulation method was applied to analyze the flow patterns in the surge chambers under controlled conditions. The results demonstrate that the well-designed multi-chamber geometry effectively confines water-level fluctuations within acceptable limits. Both water and air phases exhibit favourable flow patterns without significant air-pocket entrapment. These findings provide valuable insights for improving transient processes in long-distance hydropower systems and offer guidance for surge tank design optimization.

To analyze the eating habits of the transgender population throughout the transition process, evaluate the nutritional requirements associated with gender transition, and reflect on the possible dietary challenges facing the transgender population. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 146 individuals (58.90% transgender women [n = 86] and 41.09% transgender men [n = 60]) aged between 18 and 60 y old. Eating habits and nutritional intake were evaluated through a food consumption frequency questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall, and subsequent data entry using DIAL software. The anthropometric parameters weight and height were determined following the protocol proposed by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinathropometry and waist circumference was determined following the protocol of the World Health Organization. The study found that the diets of the studied population were unhealthy, with low fruit consumption (6.4 ± 4.39 rations in transgender men versus 11.5 ± 2.59 rations in transgender women, P = 0.758898323). Diets were high in lipids (43.62 and 44.24 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively) and protein (16.63 and 15.65 in transgender women and transgender men, respectively). Deficiencies in carbohydrates, folate, vitamin D, and minerals such as calcium, iodine, and zinc were detected along with an excess of selenium and especially phosphorus, which could affect hormone levels. Changes were detected as a result of their desire to look similar physically to the desired sex, they followed rules, ways of acting, and habits of primary socialization (learned in the family during their life). The analysis of the changes observed in our study revealed that during the transition process, eating habits changed based on information, often incorrect, obtained from the internet. Therefore, it is advisable to recommend implementing strategies that increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. In this study, we detected some nutritional deficiencies depending on the type of hormone treatment, so nutritional care must be individualized. Therefore, individualized nutritional interventions focused on increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains should be carried out. It would be advisable to develop guidelines for nutritional advice, diagnosis, and intervention for transgender people based on scientific evidence as well as provide nutritional advice to the clinicians responsible for their follow-up. •Dietary patterns and hormonal and social factors remain unclear in transgender people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy.•Transgender individuals tend to adapt their dietary patterns to look similar physically to the desired sex.•Changes in dietary patterns can have adverse physiological consequences and cause late-onset chronic diseases.•Nutrition, exercise, and diseases related to changes in body composition and strength should be monitored in transgender women.