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Sustainable tourism is not a static target, but a dynamic process of change, a transition. This book considers how monitoring using indicators can assist tourism to make such a sustainability transition. It encourages the reader to view tourism from a broad, interdisciplinary perspective and draws on material from a wide range of sources. The book explains why monitoring is important for different groups of stakeholders; public and private sector, NGOs and communities. It also examines important monitoring considerations such as what and where to measure, how much will monitoring cost and how the data can be presented. The book puts particular emphasis on indicator use and implementation. It highlights the process and techniques to develop and use indicators and then provides clear and detailed examples of monitoring in practice around the globe at different geographic scales.

In this volume the contributors use Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to reassess both historic and contemporary Asian countries and traditionally Islamic areas. This highly illustrated and comprehensive work highlights how GIS can be applied to the social sciences. With its description of how to process, construct and manage geographical data the book is ideal for the non-specialist looking for a new and refreshing way to approach Islamic area studies.

The remarkable developments in tracking technologies over the past decade have opened up a wealth of possibilities in terms of research into tourist spatial behaviour. To date, most research in the field has been based on data derived from less objective – hence methodologically problematic – sources. This book examines the various technologies available to track pedestrians and motorized vehicles as well as the moral, ethical and legal issues arising from the utilization of data thus obtained. The methodologies outlined in the book could prove revolutionary in terms of tourism research, management and planning. 1. Introduction Section 1: Theoretical and Methodological Issues of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior 2. Theoretical Aspects of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior 3. Methodological Aspects of Measurement and Visualization of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior Section 2: Available Tracking Technologies 4. Land-based Tracking Technologies 5. Satellite-based Tracking Technologies Section 3: Application of Tracking Technologies to Research on Tourist Mobility 6. Methodological Challenges 7. Understanding the Tourist 8. Understanding the Destination 9. Ethical Questions and the Tracking of Tourists Section 4: Concluding Thoughts 10. Conclusion. Appendix: Integrating Data Obtained from Tracking Devices into Geographic Information Systems Noam Shoval is a Lecturer in the Department of Geography at Hebrew University. Michal Isaacson is a PhD candidate in the Department of Geography at Hebrew University.

This book offers conceptual and practical insights into the complex interactions between ecotourism and the natural environment, with consideration given to government policy, marketing by suppliers, consumer behaviour and visitor/environmental management. Illustrated by international case studies the roles of and interplay between tour operators, their clients, resource managers and local communities are examined. This creates a comprehensive and insightful overview of the factors that work for and against the achievement of environmental sustainability in and through ecotourism. The result is a critical examination of ecotourism and environmental sustainability that highlights ideas for best practice and proposes new directions for future research

Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who became an editor of travel accounts.Hakluyt's Promisedemonstrates his prominent role in the establishment of English America as well as his interests in English opportunities in the East Indies. The volume presents nearly 50 illustrations-many unpublished since the sixteenth century-and offers a fresh view of Hakluyt's milieu and the central concerns of the Elizabethan age. Though he never traveled farther than Paris, young Hakluyt spent much of the 1580s recording information about the western hemisphere and became an international authority on overseas exploration. The book traces his rise to prominence as a source of information and inspiration for England's policy makers, including the queen, and his advocacy for colonies in Roanoke and Jamestown. Hakluyt's thought was shaped by debates that stretched across Europe, and his interests ranged just as widely, encompassing such topics as peaceful coexistence with Native Americans, the New World as a Protestant Holy Land, and in, his later life, trade with the Spice Islands.

The first to focus solely upon qualitative research in tourism, this book combines discussions of the philosophies underpinning qualitative research, with reflexive chapters that demonstrate how these techniques can be used. Incorporating a range of case studies written by leading international scholars, this book makes clear the ways in which these pieces of research have been informed by the authors' epistemological, ontological and methodological standpoint. Based on a range of empirical tourism studies set in the context of theoretical discussion, it demonstrates the benefits of using a range of qualitative approaches to research tourism, exploring the ways in which a number of techniques, including participants observation, memory work, biographical diaries, focus groups and visual exercises, have been adopted by researchers from a range of disciplinary backgrounds to undertake empirical research in tourism. An indispensable text for final year undergraduates, Masters and PhD students embarking on research in the field, it also will be a valuable title for academics with an interest in either tourism research or qualitative methodology. Linking theory with research practice, it offers a holistic account of qualitative research in tourism. Part 1 1. Progress in Qualitative Research in Tourism: Epistemology, Ontology and Methodology 2. The Inquiry Paradigm in Qualitative Tourism Research 3. Knowing About Tourism: Epistemological Issues 4. A Primer in Ontological Craft: The Creative Capture of People and Places Through Qualitative Research 5. Ontological Craft in Tourism Studies: The Productive Mapping of Identity and Image in Tourism Settings 6. (Dis)Embodied Experience and Power Dynamics in Tourism Research 7. Standpoint Research: Multiple Versions of Reality in Tourism Theorising and Research 8. Reflexivity and Tourism Research: Situating Myself and/with Others 9. Trustworthiness in Qualitative Tourism Research 10. New Wine in Old Bottles: An Adjustment of Priorities in the Anthropological Study of Tourism 11. From Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology to the field Part 2 12. The Research Process as a Journey: From positivist traditions into the realms of qualitative inquiry 13. Let your Data do the Talking: Researching the Solo Travel Experiences of British and American Women 14. The Life and Work History Methodology: A Discussion of its Potential use for Tourism and Hospitality Research 15. Memory 16. Contributions of Qualitative Research to Understanding the Politics of Community Ecotourism 17. Shared Benefits: Longitudinal Research in Eastern Indonesia 18. Translators, Trust and Truth: Cross-Cultural Issues in Sustainable Tourism Research

Genuine ecotourism can have many positve impacts, particularly the conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities. While promoting these, it aims to eleminate negative impacts such as environmental degradation, cultural commoditisation and playground effects. Unfortunately, the concept is broadly misunderstood and its true definition is widely debated. It is often used as a marketing tool, with some operators taking advantage of the ecotourism label to attract more business while behaving in environmentally irresponsible ways. This book considers the important topic of quality control and accreditation in ecotourism, describing the mechanisms that can be implemented to ensure quality in all aspects of the industry, namely protected areas, businesses, producs and tour guides.

How do individuals go about making trade-off's among work, leisure, travel, and personal maintenance(e.g. sleeping) activities? What are the unconscious as well as conscious drivers of their behaviours?How well do their behaviours follow what they plan? These questions are fundamental in consumerbehaviour. This book provides fresh insights in responding to these issues.This book examines alternative theories and the empirical testing of trade-offs we make in life amongwork, leisure, travel, and personal maintenance actions and how our plans relate to what we actuallydo. Tourism Behaviour considers plans and behaviours for tourist spending, length of stay, attractions,destinations, accommodation and activities, and investigates how marketing strategies affect consumerplans. This book provides new theory, empirical studies, and practical insights of significant interest totravel and leisure researchers, destination marketing managers, and advanced students in tourism andconsumer behaviour.

This book brings together an explicit linkage between empirical and theoretical perspectives on tourism and discourse. A broad social semiotic approach is adopted to analyze a range of spoken, written and visual texts providing a unique resource for researching and teaching tourism in the context of communication studies.

The inherent mobility of tourists and consequent relative ephemerality of contact between the visitor and the visited tourism phenomenon have specific characteristics that challenge the usual fieldwork practices of the social and physical sciences. Such conditions create specific concerns for the tourism researcher in terms of their positionality, relationality, accessibility, ethics, reflexivity, and methodological appropriateness. Fieldwork in Tourism is the first book to focus on this extremely significant component of contemporary tourist research and provides hands on approaches to conducting tourism fieldwork in a range of settings, exploring the methodological considerations and offering strategies to mitigate these. The book also discusses how fieldwork affects researchers personally and what happens to field relationships. Divided into five sections, each with an introduction and a guide to further reading, the chapters cover the context of fieldwork, research relationships, politics and power, the position of the researcher in the field, research methods and processes, including virtual fieldwork, and the relationships between being a tourist and doing fieldwork. The concluding chapter suggests that the link between tourism and fieldwork perhaps offers greater insights into understanding creative fieldwork than may be imagined. This book incorporates a rich and diverse set of fieldwork experiences, insights and reflections on conducting fieldwork in different settings, the problems that emerge, the solutions that were developed, and the realities of being ‘in the field’. Fieldwork in Tourism is an essential guide for Tourism higher level students, academics and researchers embarking on research in this field. C. Michael Hall is Professor in the Department of Management, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Docent, Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Finland; and Visiting Professor, Linnaeus University School of Business and Economics, Kalmar, Sweden. Co-editor of Current Issues in Tourism , he has published widely in tourism, gastronomy and environmental history. Introducing the Contexts of Fieldwork 1 Fieldwork in Tourism/Touring Research: Where Does Tourism End and Fieldwork Begin? C. Michael Hall 2 Defining and Redefining Conceptual Frameworks for Social Science Field Research Alan Lew Research Relationships: Power, Politics and Patron-client Affinities 3 Researching the Political in Tourism: Where Knowledge Meets Power Michael Hall 4 The Visible/Invisible Researcher: Ethics and Politically-Sensitive Research Stephanie Chok 5 Interviewing Elites: Perspectives from the Medical Tourism Sector in India and Thailand Audrey Bochaton and Bertrand Lefebvre Positionality: Researcher Position in the Field, Practicalities, Perils, and Pitfalls 6 Reflexivity and Ethnography in Community Tourism Research Teresa Leopold 7 Doing ‘Risky’ and ‘Sexy’ Research: Reframing the Concept of ‘Relational’ in Qualitative Research Reiko Yamagishi 8 Studying Halal Restaurants in New Zealand: Experiences and Perspectives of a Muslim Female Researcher Melissa wan Hassan 9 Researching Heritage Tourism in Singapore: An Outsider Perspective as an Asset? David Tantow 10 Cosmopolitan Methodologies: Implications of the Ethnographer’s Multiple Positions in Studying Tourism Malita Allan 11 Allowing Women’s Voices to be Heard in Tourism Research: Competing Paradigms of Method Jo Bensemann Methods and Processes 12 Studying Local-to-Global Tourism Dynamics Through Glocal Ethnography Noel B. Salazar 13 Researching Second Home Tourism in South Africa: Methodological Challenges and Innovations Gijsbert Hoogendoorn and Gustav Visser 14 Off the Record: Segmenting Informal Discussions into Viable Methodological Categories Jamie Gillen 15 Know Yourself: Making the Visual Work in Tourism Research Jenny Chio 16 Work it Out: Using Work as Participant Observation to Study Tourism Chris McMorran 17 Researching Tourists in the Outdoors - Challenges and Experiences from Protected Areas in Sweden Sandra Wall Reinius 18 Challenges in Fieldwork Researching Group Service Experiences at a White Water Rafting Provider in New Zealand Joerg Finsterwalder and Volker G. Kuppelwieser 19 On Facing Rejection: Volunteer Tourists that I Could Not Interview Harng Luh Sin Future Directions and New Environments 20 In Cyberspace Can Anybody Hear You Scream? Issues in the Conduct of Online Fieldwork C. Michael Hall 21 Integrating Researchers and Indigenous Communities: Reflections From Northern Canada R.H. Lemelin, E. Wiersma and E.J. Stewart 22 Managing Post-Fieldwork Interpersonal Relationships: Mea (maxima?) Culpa David Timothy Duval 23 Concluding Thoughts: Where Does Fieldwork End and Tourism Begin? C. Michael Hall