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Blue Mountain mystery
\"Luke, a little engine, fears he's caused a terrible accident and Thomas attempts to track down the truth\"--Publisher.
Book
Seismic performance assessment of an existing anchored and a self-anchored liquid storage tank in high seismic regions
This study presents seismic performance of two existing at-grade industrial liquid-storage tanks located in the Eastern part of Marmara region, which is a high seismic region in Turkey. The first tank is self-anchored (unanchored) and has been in service for 44 years, while the other tank is mechanically anchored to a reinforced concrete foundation and has been in service for 50 years. Tanks seismic performance is evaluated using tank time-history earthquake analyses with recorded ground motions scaled for each tank site. The liquid content was included in the developed model using provisions of API 650. Tanks base uplift, sliding on the foundation, tank shell and bottom plate damage, and demand on tank anchorage were determined. The results shows that self-anchored tank has base plate uplift and sliding that are larger than the allowable limits while the mechanically anchored tank has acceptable seismic performance with potential seismic damage of tank anchorage system. The findings of this study contribute valuable insight into the seismic performance of existing liquid storage tanks in the region under new seismic regulations and increased seismic loads than those used for their design.
Journal Article
Pershing's tankers : personal accounts of the AEF Tank Corps in World War I
\"In Pershing's Tankers, Lawrence M. Kaplan compiles 47 official personal experience reports, 27 unofficial accounts, and six letters written by George Patton to his family to provide insight into the human dimension of US tank operations in World War I. These narratives vary in size, scope and depth, and cover a range of topics, including the organizing, training, combat operations, and equipping of the Tank Corps. Kaplan offers accounts from a broad cross-section of men from senior leaders down to the platoon level\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Faraday waves and period tripling in a horizontal circular tank
Understanding wave kinematics is crucial for analysing the thermodynamic effects of sloshing, which can lead to pressure drops in non-isothermal cryogenic fuel tanks. In the research reported here, Faraday waves in a horizontal circular tank (partially filled with water) under vertical excitation are investigated. The tank geometry is referred to as a horizontal circular tank throughout, with its circular face oriented perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Firstly, this paper addresses the eigenvalue problem through linear potential flow theory, in order to provide theoretical evidence of Faraday waves in horizontal circular tanks, the impact the density ratio has on the eigenvalues is then considered. Secondly, an experimental investigation testing multiple liquid fill levels is conducted. A soft-spring nonlinear response is demonstrated throughout the parameter space. The results showed larger sloshing amplitudes for low fill levels and smaller sloshing amplitudes for high fill levels. Asymmetry between anti-nodes at the container sidewalls and through the tank centreline are evident for low fill levels. Moreover, the sloshing wave amplitude at which breaking waves occur is smaller for high fill level conditions. Finally, period tripling was observed for all fill levels tested, confirming nonlinear mode interactions before the onset to wave breaking.
Journal Article
Risky rails!
When a little engine's blamed for something he didn't do, Thomas becomes determined to clear his name.
Book
Recent Developments on Application of Different Turbulence and Multiphase Models in Sedimentation Tank Modeling—a Review
Abstract This article provides a state-of-the-art review on the different turbulence and multiphase models for the sedimentation tank studies of both water treatment plant (WTP) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by computational fluid dynamics. A thorough understanding of these models is required to simulate the hydrodynamics of the tanks as accurately as possible without compromising the computational cost. The turbulence models which are mainly used for predicting hydrodynamic behavior are Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) models. Due to the low computational requirement for RANS models, they are widely adopted even if their accuracy is comparatively lower. The SST k-ω model is recommended to be used in the studies of sedimentation tanks as this model is intended to represent better low Reynolds number flows. The comparison among various turbulence models and the superiority of LES over the RANS models are described in this paper. Euler-Euler or Euler–Lagrange approaches can be used to describe the dispersed flow of water and particles in the settling tanks. The selection of a multiphase model for simulation depends upon the type of sedimentation tanks and particle concentrations. The various multiphase models for simulating the dispersed flow in the sedimentation tanks are also explained in this article. Mixture and Eulerian models of the Euler-Euler approach are widely used in the study of settling tanks of both WTP and WWTPs. However, the Euler–Lagrange approach is more suitable for sedimentation tanks of WTP since the volume fraction of particles is small.
Journal Article
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Sedimentation Tank Design and Its Recent Developments: a Review
Sedimentation tanks are the workhorses of both water treatment plants (WTPs) and waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and are crucial cogs in their respective treatment machinery. Therefore, it is desirable to operate them at maximum efficiency. But sedimentation tanks are usually overdesigned with a large safety factor to make up for the lack of knowledge and be safe from failures that may be of biological, physicochemical, or hydraulic origin. A new era of settling tank design began after the advent of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Rapid development in the design and optimisation of sedimentation tanks had taken place since then. This paper aims to provide a review of the state-of-the-art in applying CFD in sedimentation tank design and analysis, focussing on the main factors that affect its hydrodynamics — density current, inlet and outlet configuration, baffle structures, wind, and a special type of settling tank called lamella settler or inclined plate settler (IPS), whose design may be the saviour for the numerous ageing settling tanks currently in existence. Although improvement in settling tank design went up by leaps and bounds in recent years with the help of CFD, researchers still have to compromise on many vital areas due to lack of computational power. However, with exciting revolutionary developments in computational technology like quantum computing that promises a monumental leap in computational power, a full-scale realistic transient simulation of settling tank incorporating sub-models for flocculation, sludge rheology, thermal, and wind all at once is hopeful in the near future.
Journal Article
Misty Island rescue
The residents of Island of Sodor are building a search and rescue center, and when Thomas gets lost at sea while going to get supplies, he becomes the first rescue mission.
Book
The effect of household storage tanks/vessels and user practices on the quality of water: a systematic review of literature
BackgroundHousehold water storage remains a necessity in many communities worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Water storage often using tanks/vessels is envisaged to be a source of water contamination, along with related user practices. Several studies have investigated this phenomenon, albeit in isolation. This study aimed at developing a systematic review, focusing on the impacts of water storage tank/vessel features and user practices on water quality.MethodsDatabase searches for relevant peer-reviewed papers and grey literature were done. A systematic criterion was set for the selection of publications and after scrutinizing 1106 records, 24 were selected. These were further subjected to a quality appraisal, and data was extracted from them to complete the review.Results and discussionMicrobiological and physicochemical parameters were the basis for measuring water quality in storage tanks or vessels. Water storage tank/vessel material and retention time had the highest effect on stored water quality along with age, colour, design, and location. Water storage tank/vessel cleaning and hygiene practices like tank/vessel covering were the user practices most investigated by researchers in the literature reviewed and they were seen to have an impact on stored water quality.ConclusionsThere is evidence in the literature that storage tanks/vessels, and user practices affect water quality. Little is known about the optimal tank/vessel cleaning frequency to ensure safe drinking water quality. More research is required to conclusively determine the best matrix of tank/vessel features and user practices to ensure good water quality.
Journal Article