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"Tapestry"
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The Bayeux tapestry and its contexts : a reassessment
\"Aspects of the Bayeux Tapestry (in fact an embroidered hanging) have always remained mysterious, despite much scholarly investigation, not least its design and patron. Here, in the first full-length interdisciplinary approach to the subject, the authors (an art historian and a historian) consider these and other issues. Rejecting the prevalent view that it was commissioned by Odo, the bishop of Bayeux and half-brother of William the Conqueror, or by some other comparable patron, they bring new evidence to bear on the question of its relationship to the abbey of St Augustine's, Canterbury. From the study of art-historical, archeological, literary, historical and documentary materials, they conclude that the monks of St Augustine's designed the hanging for display in their abbey church to tell their own story of how England was invaded and conquered in 1066.\" -- Publisher's description.
Book
Strain Across Historic Tapestries : a Multi-Analytical Investigation on Damage Mechanisms and Conservation Strategies
This cross-disciplinary work improves the understanding on the mechanical degradation mechanisms occurring in tapestries, and how they can be prevented through conservation. Moreover, the research in this thesis offers new insights on the usefulness of 2D DIC as a diagnostic tool for monitoring strain across historic textiles. First, through a literature review, the cultural relevance of tapestries was highlighted, demonstrating the importance of preserving these artworks (Chapter 1). Chemical and physical properties of the main constituent materials in tapestries, wool and silk, were discussed, together with past studies focusing on tracking degradation (Chapter 2). Through this, the multi-analytical approach to be employed in the experimental parts was delineated. The mechanical (uniaxial tensile testing) and chemical properties (FTIR-ATR, UHPLC-PDA) of samples from different historic tapestries were investigated. The reciprocal influence of variables, e.g. stress at failure, level of cystine oxidation (in wool), dyes, and weave features, was discussed. The outcomes demonstrate the complexity of the mechanical behaviour when considering small-scale fragments, and so the need of combining chemical and physical testing for properly establishing the condition of tapestries (Chapter 3). Moving to the study of tapestries from a macroscopic perspective and while on display, the feasibility of 2D DIC for strain monitoring was proved. Among the mechanical mechanisms observed, fatigue showed to have the most influence on overall strains, while creep affected damaged areas like slits (Chapter 4). 2D DIC was also employed for evaluating the efficiency of sloping boards (Chapter 5), support and stitching methods (Chapter 6). In addition to the strain monitoring of (mainly) bespoke mock-ups, friction measurements and tensile testing were conducted to further validate display and conservation approaches. The outcomes suggested that the high friction promoted by covering fabrics is essential for the efficacy of sloping boards, while inclination alone may have only a marginal role (Chapter 5). The effectiveness of couching can be affected by spacing, while support techniques should be selected depending on the extension of structural weaknesses (Chapter 6).
Dissertation
Sigismund Augustus’ Tapestries at the Residence of the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland in the Lower Castle Palace in Vilnius
This article presents an analysis of the stages and specifics encountered during scholarly research on the chosen theme, stating that separate stages in the research were determined according to different aims, research methods, and approaches. The research was conducted under circumstances characterised by a lack of sources and the fragmented nature of the information, which meant that as the research went on for 150 years, scholars generally relied on a solitary known source: the panegyric by Stanisław Orzechowski written on the occasion of the wedding of Sigismund Augustus, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and Catherine Habsburg at Wawel Royal Castle in 1553, in which he described the tapestries used to decorate the palace for the event. As a subsequence of this, for the rest of the mentioned period, no reference was made in scientific publications to the connection between Sigismund Augustus’ tapestries and Vilnius or to the Vilnius Lower Castle, which had been the ruler’s most important residence for a long time. In this article, based on sources and the most recently discovered artefacts, evidence is provided that Sigismund Augustus began collecting tapestries whilst he was still only the grand duke of Lithuania and that his earliest commissions were made in Vilnius. This is irrefutably evident from a document dated 14 January 1547 in Sigismund Augustus’ accounts for the period of 1546–1548, recorded by the young ruler’s treasurer Jan Lutomirski at the Vilnius palace. There is no doubt that the ‘pictures’ – Creation of the World and The Story of Noah – mentioned among the expenses were the first sketches for the upcoming series of biblical textiles created by Michiel Coxcie. Nonetheless, the most important evidence is the heraldic tapestry acquired by the National Museum – Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in 2009. Woven before 1548, it features the combined coat of arms of Sigismund Augustus, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, with the great crown of the Lithuanian grand duke above it. The same combined coat of arms of Sigismund Augustus was minted on Lithuanian coins during his reign and was also used on the great seal of the state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In summary, it can be stated that Sigismund Augustus owned tapestry series in Vilnius from as early as 1543. This was where the famous series The Story of the First Fathers and The Story of Noah were commissioned. The Lithuanian court treasury accounts attest that between 1545 and 1561, tapestries were often displayed at the Vilnius palace, the main residence in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and were taken with the ruler when he travelled to his other residences in Trakai, Rūdninkai, Skierniewice, or Rawa.
Journal Article
Tapestries from the Burrell Collection
\"The magnificent collection of some 200 European, mainly medieval, tapestries acquired by Glasgow shipping magnate Sir William Burrell (1861-1958) is one of the largest and most important tapestry collections in the world. Although attempts to catalogue them have been made in the past, most have never been published and are therefore little known. The result of a three-year research project, this highly illustrated scholarly catalogue provides full details of place and date of production, materials and technique, provenance and exhibition history. Each entry also contains a detailed description of subject matter and interpretation of the iconography, including, where relevant, discussion of linked individual tapestries or series of associated tapestries in other locations. Any past or new theories about iconography and design are cited, with references. A discussion of context, such as noteworthy details about the patron or the production and information about related tapes- tries reusing the same cartoon in other locations, is included together with past and new research about makers and usage. Each tapestry entry is illustrated with a full colour image plus details and comparative illustrations where appropriate. The catalogue is prefaced by an essay on Burrell as a collector of tapestries and another on the history of the maintenance and care of tapestries. Appendices pro- vide details of the dealers from whom Burrell bought the tapestries and on other noted collectors. An illustrated conservation essay, a glossary, a full bibliography and an index complete the volume. The resulting work provides a record of a major collection which will become a benchmark for future research and interpretation of tapestries of the period.\"--Jacket flap.
BOOK
The Four seasons tapestries at Hatfield House
Acknowledged as one of the most important sets of early English tapestries, the Four Seasons set at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire, raise many scholarly questions surrounding the design, production and uses of woven tapestry in sixteenth and early-seventeenth century England. In this new study Michael Bath challenges previous assumptions about both their date and their status as 'Sheldon' tapestries, whilst embarking on a long-overdue explication of their subject matter and iconography.
Book
Adapting Disaster Preparedness Strategies to Changing Climate Patterns in Saudi Arabia: A Rapid Review
This rapid review critically evaluates the impact of climate change on Saudi Arabia, elucidating its adaptive measures and the ensuing global ramifications. Using a structured framework, we conducted exhaustive database searches spanning 2010–2023, focusing on articles pertinent to Saudi Arabia’s climate adaptation and disaster readiness. Through a rigorous dual-reviewer process, the data was systematically synthesized. Our findings reveal that Saudi Arabia confronts pressing water scarcity issues, particularly highlighted by a surge in desalination dependence, which presents both sustainability and adaptability challenges. Infrastructure resilience in key cities such as Riyadh and Jeddah stands out, emphasizing innovative solutions imperative to counteracting unforeseen environmental disruptions. Furthermore, the nation’s endeavor to meld its deep-rooted cultural legacy with emergent environmental imperatives is distinctive, representing a confluence of tradition and contemporaneity that resonates globally. The geopolitical dynamics, accentuated by Saudi Arabia’s dominant role in international arenas, bring to the fore the socio-political and economic shifts induced by climate change. Additionally, the dawn of technological advancements underscores the pivotal role of robust digital frameworks in countering climatic challenges. Saudi Arabia’s policy and governance undertakings furnish salient insights into adaptive modalities, underscoring a triad of collaboration, vision, and ingenuity. Conclusively, this review delineates Saudi Arabia’s intricate trajectory through climate change intricacies, affording pivotal insights that bear significance for global scientific discourse on adaptive strategies, particularly emphasizing the integral balance of tradition, modernity, and innovation.
Journal Article