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"Tastsinn."
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Tactile perception of pleasantness in relation to perceived softness
The sense of touch allows us to infer objects’ physical properties, while the same input also produces affective sensations. These affective sensations are important for interpersonal relationships and personal well-being, which raises the possibility that tactile preferences are adapted to the characteristics of the skin. Previous studies examined how physical properties such as surface roughness and temperature influence affective sensations; however, little is known about the effect of compliance (physical correlate of softness) on pleasantness. Thus, we investigated the psychophysical link between
softness
and
pleasantness
. Pieces of human skin-like rubber with different compliances were pressed against participants’ fingers. Two groups of participants numerically estimated the perceived magnitude of either pleasantness or softness. The perceived magnitude of pleasantness and softness both increased monotonically as a function of increasing object compliance, levelling off at around the end of the stimulus range. However, inter-subject variability was greater for pleasantness than for perceived softness, whereas the slope of the linear function fit to the magnitude estimates was steeper for softness than for pleasantness. These results indicate that object compliance is a critical physical determinant for pleasantness, whereas the effect of compliance on pleasantness was more variable among individuals than the effect on softness was.
Journal Article
Biomaterial systems for mechanosensing and actuation
Living organisms use composite materials for various functions, such as mechanical support, protection, motility and the sensing of signals. Although the individual components of these materials may have poor mechanical qualities, they form composites of polymers and minerals with a remarkable variety of functional properties. Researchers are now using these natural systems as models for artificial mechanosensors and actuators, through studying both natural structures and their interactions with the environment. In addition to inspiring the design of new materials, analysis of natural structures on this basis can provide insight into evolutionary constraints on structure–function relationships in living organisms and the variety of structural solutions that emerged from these constraints.
Journal Article
Artificial skin through super-sensing method and electrical impedance data from conductive fabric with aid of deep learning
Sense of touch is a major part of man’s communication with their environment. Artificial skins can help robots to have the same sense of touch, especially for their social interactions. This paper presents a pressure mapping sensing using piezo-resistive fabric to represent aspects of the sense of touch. In past few years’ electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is considered to be able offer a good alternative for artificial skin in particular for its ease of adaptation for large area skin compared to individual matrix based sensors. The EIT has also very good temporal performance in data collection allowing for monitoring of fast responses to touch stimulation, enabling a truly real time touch sensing. Electromechanical responses of a conductive fabric can be exploited using EIT to create a low cost and large area touch sensing. Such electromechanical properties are often very complex, so to improve the imaging resolution and touch visibility an artificial intelligent (AI) was used in addition to the state of the art spatio-temporal imaging algorithm. This work demonstrates a step towards an integrated seamless skin with large area sensing in dynamical settings, closer to natural human skin’s behaviour. For the first time a dynamical touch sensing are studies by means of a spatio-temporal based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) imaging on a conductive fabric. The experimental results demonstrated the successful results by a combined AI with dynamical EIT imaging results in single and multiple points of touch.
Journal Article
Morphological Neural Computation Restores Discrimination of Naturalistic Textures in Trans-radial Amputees
Humans rely on their sense of touch to interact with the environment. Thus, restoring lost tactile sensory capabilities in amputees would advance their quality of life. In particular, texture discrimination is an important component for the interaction with the environment, but its restoration in amputees has been so far limited to simplified gratings. Here we show that naturalistic textures can be discriminated by trans-radial amputees using intraneural peripheral stimulation and tactile sensors located close to the outer layer of the artificial skin. These sensors exploit the morphological neural computation (MNC) approach, i.e., the embodiment of neural computational functions into the physical structure of the device, encoding normal and shear stress to guarantee a faithful neural temporal representation of stimulus spatial structure. Two trans-radial amputees successfully discriminated naturalistic textures via the MNC-based tactile feedback. The results also allowed to shed light on the relevance of spike temporal encoding in the mechanisms used to discriminate naturalistic textures. Our findings pave the way to the development of more natural bionic limbs.
Journal Article
Recent Advances in Tactile Sensing Technology
Research on tactile sensing technology has been actively conducted in recent years to pave the way for the next generation of highly intelligent devices. Sophisticated tactile sensing technology has a broad range of potential applications in various fields including: (1) robotic systems with tactile sensors that are capable of situation recognition for high-risk tasks in hazardous environments; (2) tactile quality evaluation of consumer products in the cosmetic, automobile, and fabric industries that are used in everyday life; (3) robot-assisted surgery (RAS) to facilitate tactile interaction with the surgeon; and (4) artificial skin that features a sense of touch to help people with disabilities who suffer from loss of tactile sense. This review provides an overview of recent advances in tactile sensing technology, which is divided into three aspects: basic physiology associated with human tactile sensing, the requirements for the realization of viable tactile sensors, and new materials for tactile devices. In addition, the potential, hurdles, and major challenges of tactile sensing technology applications including artificial skin, medical devices, and analysis tools for human tactile perception are presented in detail. Finally, the review highlights possible routes, rapid trends, and new opportunities related to tactile devices in the foreseeable future.
Journal Article
Contact geometry and mechanics predict friction forces during tactile surface exploration
When we touch an object, complex frictional forces are produced, aiding us in perceiving surface features that help to identify the object at hand, and also facilitating grasping and manipulation. However, even during controlled tactile exploration, sliding friction forces fluctuate greatly, and it is unclear how they relate to the surface topography or mechanics of contact with the finger. We investigated the sliding contact between the finger and different relief surfaces, using high-speed video and force measurements. Informed by these experiments, we developed a friction force model that accounts for surface shape and contact mechanical effects, and is able to predict sliding friction forces for different surfaces and exploration speeds. We also observed that local regions of disconnection between the finger and surface develop near high relief features, due to the stiffness of the finger tissues. Every tested surface had regions that were never contacted by the finger; we refer to these as “tactile blind spots”. The results elucidate friction force production during tactile exploration, may aid efforts to connect sensory and motor function of the hand to properties of touched objects, and provide crucial knowledge to inform the rendering of realistic experiences of touch contact in virtual reality.
Journal Article
Developing spatial mathematical skills through 3D tools: augmented reality, virtual environments and 3D printing
In this paper, we show how to improve the mathematics teaching-learning process to enhance students’ spatial visualization and orientation skills with the use of 3D tools; specifically, with augmented reality, virtual environments and 3D printing. Two of the tools presented in this work were especially developed for multivariable calculus courses. The inclusion of these materials in pedagogical activities integrates the senses of touch and sight to the learning process, favoring the understanding of important mathematical concepts related to three-dimensional space. This allowed instructors to present to students a natural way of modeling real world phenomena with proper mathematical language, thus achieving a significant increase in mathematics learning. Tests with control and experimental groups were conducted over four years, and students’ final grades, failure rates and visualization-skills development were analyzed. Students and professors from several countries were interviewed and surveyed to assess perception and experience in the use of these tools. An analysis of variance with a sample of
N
=
993
students and a significance level of
α
=
0.01
was performed, finding that the experimental group grades were seven points above those of the control group (on a 0–100 scale) and the failure rate dropped 14%. Moreover, from the spatial mathematical skills test with a sample of
N
=
442
students, the experimental group obtained 15 points more than the control group, and the percentage of students achieving the minimum spatial skills level required to pass the course increased 36%. Our results reveal a positive impact in the use of these tools to develop spatial mathematical skills.
Journal Article
Money Authenticity Detector Design Using Artificial Neural Network Method for Blinds
Heretofore, there are still many people having difficulties to differ authenticity of paper money, especially for blind people. An individual is defined blind when he must use alternative technique to replace his visual function. In this case, a blind person may use his hearing or touching senses to read the demanded information. This research aims to create a device to find out authenticity of paper money with voice output. This device uses TCS3200 sensor and Led UV to detect the authenticity of paper money it gained red, green, and blue as the input process by using artificial neural network. This method would firstly undergo data training so it would have scores to classify the authenticity. The test of paper money used 1DR 1,000.00, IDR 2,000.00, IDR 5,000.00, IDR 10,000.00, IDR 20,000.00, IDR 50,000.00, and IDR 100,000.00 issued in 2000 until 2016 with 4 different test positions. Based on the trials, it gained successful level in detecting the authenticity by using the network as much as 100%.
Journal Article
Tactile Guidance System for the Blind Based on Digital Image Processing
Science and technology are making earth-shaking changes in our daily lives, and as a special group, blind people should enjoy the fruits of technological progress. Since the traditional blind guiding device can only give rough information about the distance and orientation of the obstacle, the user obtains too little information, and there is still too much unknown fear during the traveling. The guiding effect is not great. Therefore, after considering the physical and psychological needs of the blind, this paper designs a system of tactile perception imaging instead of vision. The system collects obstacle information through the camera, performs digital image processing, and then displays it on the tactile imager through special encoding processing. Through the sense of touch, the blind person processes the tactile information into image information through the brain, thereby obtaining the size, shape and position information of the obstacle, and then forming a more concrete understanding of the obstacle, so that the blind can perfectly avoid the obstacle.
Journal Article