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The agelenid spider species Brignoli, 1978 was described, based on female specimens from Turkey. The unknown male is here described, based on specimens from the type locality: Bolu, Abant Mountains, Turkey. The variation of the female copulatory organs is illustrated. The relationships of the species with its putative closest congeners are discussed. The discrepancy between the morphological terminology used in the Coelotinae and Ageleninae is discussed and some suggestions how to unify them are proposed.

Pygolampisstriata Miller, 1940 was previously described, based on a single male specimen. However, there are no records of the species since then. The females and nymphs were not described and knowledge about their habitat is insufficient.BACKGROUNDPygolampisstriata Miller, 1940 was previously described, based on a single male specimen. However, there are no records of the species since then. The females and nymphs were not described and knowledge about their habitat is insufficient.This is the first record of the assassin bug Pygolampisstriata Miller, 1940 from Japan and Indonesia. Here, this species has been re-described and, for the first time, the female has been described. The species was collected from the surfaces of dried Poaceae grasslands using the \"Gasa-Gasa collecting method\".NEW INFORMATIONThis is the first record of the assassin bug Pygolampisstriata Miller, 1940 from Japan and Indonesia. Here, this species has been re-described and, for the first time, the female has been described. The species was collected from the surfaces of dried Poaceae grasslands using the \"Gasa-Gasa collecting method\".

Thailand is considered a global biodiversity hotspot that is known to harbour a striking diversity of endemic species. However, several research studies have determined that the level of amphibian diversity in the country has been significantly underestimated. The megophryid genus Smith, 1925 is currently known to include 89 species that are primarily distributed throughout southern China and Southeast Asia; however, only seven species have been found in Thailand. Based on an integrative approach encompassing genetic and morphological analyses, we have concluded that the population identified from Chiang Rai Province of Thailand is conspecific with (Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990). Importantly, this is the first confirmation record of this species, based on molecular and morphological evidence in Thailand. The discovery of this species reaffirms that the diversity within the genus has been underestimated with many species yet to be discovered. In addition, the findings of our study further highlight the lack of existing knowledge on amphibian taxonomy and an underestimation of the biodiversity that exists along these national border areas.

The crab spider genus Strand, 1928 consists of six species mainly distributed in North America and Far East Asia. Two species of them, (Karsch, 1879) and Seo, 1992, are known in Korea so far. A new crab spider, is described, based on a male collected from Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Distribution records are provided, as well as photos of habitus and illustrations of the male copulatory organ. The type specimens of this study are deposited in the collection of the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) and Konkuk University (KKU), South Korea.

This paper focuses on the morphological description and illustration of the wing pattern and genitalia structures of the known species of the genus . The possibility of co-evolution of moths and fruit tree forests of Tien Shan is discussed. The maple tree is supposed to have evolved in the Ili River valley in NW China and in Kazakhstan. , the wild apple tree, is distributed in Miocene nemoral forest belt to Europe in the West an to western North America in the East. The last remnants of fruit tree forests are now localised in biodiversity hotspots in China and in Middle Asian mountains. This paper provides a description of a new species of geometrid moth, sp. n. As the ancestral has diverged in in Europe, in Kyrgyzstan and in Tajikistan, a co-divergence of geometrid moths and their food plants is possible. We found Viidalepp in the Chatkal area, Tien Shan, its sister species Viidalepp in Hissar and Pamirs and Staudinger in Transcaucasus. is associated with a biodiversity hotspot in Tajikistan and with another biodiversity hotspot in southern Tien Shan.

An asexual fungus, collected from diseased leaves of sp. from Guizhou Province, China, and based on the phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, it was identified as a new species in . The genus are recorded for the first time for China. The morphology of sp. nov. is characterised by penicillate conidiophores with a stipe, dull, tapering towards the apex, the curved stipe extension and cylindrical conidia. In the phylogenetic analyses of combined cmdA, his3, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequence data, this taxon was clustered as sister to within Nectriaceae.

Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016 is a Boletaceae genus belonging in subfamily Leccinoideae. It was described in 2016 from China and, prior to this study, it contained only one species, Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016. During our survey of Boletaceae from Thailand, we collected some specimens that could be identified as a species, different from . The bolete specimens, collected in forests dominated by Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae in northern Thailand, are described as Raghoonundon & Raspé sp. nov. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions with illustrations are provided, as well as a 3-gene phylogeny, which confirms the new taxon's position in . differs from the only other known species ( by its brownish-grey colour, greyish-orange to brownish-orange colour change in the hymenophore when bruised, smaller pores (≤ 0.5 mm), longer tubes (up to 6 mm long), shorter and narrower basidiospores, longer and broader basidia and longer pleurocystidia relative to cheilocystidia. is the second species from the genus and the only one to be found outside China thus far.

belongs to Dothideomycetes and its members are epiphytic on living bamboo culms or palms and distributed in tropical regions. Currently, the genus comprises seven species. Another collection resembling was collected from the leaves of sp. in Thailand. Morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, using ITS, LSU and SSU sequences, showed that the fungus is new to science, described herein as . is characterised by apothecial ascostromata, a carbonised epithecium, dark brown setae on the ascostromatal surface, hyaline paraphysoids, ovoid to clavate asci and oblong to elliptical, muriform ascospores. The fungus has a dark pigmented surface and is occasionally facultatively associated with patches of green algae, but not actually lichenised. Instead, the fungus penetrates the upper leaf surface, forming dark pigmented isodiametric cells below the epidermis. Re-examination of specimens of , and revealed the absence of algal associations. The status of (= ) and (= ) was established, based on morphological comparisons and previous studies. Comprehensive morphological descriptions with phylogenetic analyses support as a novel species in . An updated key to the known species of the genus is also provided.

The species-group has 10 species at present. They are (Bourgeois, 1902) (located in N. India, Nepal); Švihla, 2005, Švihla, 2005 and Švihla, 2005 (N. India); Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014, Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014, Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 and Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Xizang); Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Yunnan) and Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Guizhou). In the present study, two previously-known species are classified into this species-group, Wittmer, 1974 and Švihla, 2004, of which the latter as a subspecies of the former is upgraded to the specific level and another two new species are discovered and described. Two new species of the species-group are described, (China: Yunnan) and . (China: Xizang), which are illustrated with habitus photos and aedeagi of males, abdominal sternites VIII and internal genitalia of females. Švihla, 2004 is upgraded from a subspecies of Wittmer, 1974 and the two species are classified into this species-group. Characters of the female reproductive system are described for the first time for the following species: Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; Švihla, 2005; Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 and Švihla, 2005. Meanwhile, some additional distribution information is added for previously-described species. A key for the identification of all species is updated.

is the largest genus in the family Ophiocordicipitaceae, including many entomopathogenic species. In recent years, many species have been described in this genus, with a wide range of host insects. Entomopathogenic fungi include ecologically, economically and medicinally important species, but a large portion of their diversity remains to be discovered and described. In this study, a new species, sp. nov, parasitising sp. (Hemiptera) is proposed from China, based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This species is characterised by fibrous, pigmented stromata, cylindrical asci and filiform ascospores. Compared to its closest relative, , the new species has wider perithecia and longer asci. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multilocus dataset (consisting of SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2) confirm its placement in . is morphologically described and illustrated with colour photographs. Morphological comparisons with closely-related species are also presented in tabulated format.