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A longstanding problem in the teacher workforce, internationally and in the UK, is the continuing and substantial numbers of qualified teachers who leave the profession within five years. This paper uses data collected from a survey to the last five years of teacher education graduates of UCL Institute of Education (IOE) in London, to explore what originally motivated them to teach, and the reasons why they have left or may consider leaving in the future. We discovered that despite claiming to be aware of the challenges of workload before entering teaching, workload was the most frequently cited reason for having left, or for leaving in the future. The data spoke to the reality of teaching being worse than expected, and the nature (rather than the quantity) of the workload, linked to notions of performativity and accountability, being a crucial factor. This paper draws on a substantial new source of data and explores reasons for leaving in the context of reported initial motivation of individuals who have left teaching, individuals who are planning to leave and individuals who are planning to stay in teaching.

Why did you do this work?To improve undergraduate medical students’ confidence and knowledge in performing the Newborn Infant Physical Examination (NIPE). To provide teaching opportunities to foundation doctors (FDs) in a district general hospital.What did you do?Sessions on how to perform the NIPE were delivered by four FDs rotating through the King’s Mill Hospital paediatric department. This was with the supervision of Dr Bains, the trust Child Health education lead, who shadowed the first two sessions to ensure appropriate supervision. These sessions ran over 2 years for 10 cohorts of medical students. In phase 1 (November 2022 -June 2023), 55 students were taught. In phase 2 (March 2024-July 2024) 72 students were taught owing to increased cohort sizes. Between cohorts there was a handover between foundation doctors leading the sessions. Foundation doctors were selected by Dr Bains to lead the session where it was felt they had demonstrated interest in teaching.Students received a detailed explanation of the purpose and methods of completing a NIPE, followed by an opportunity to watch and then practice the skills under observation in small groups.Students were given a pre and post questionnaire which explored their confidence performing a NIPE and assessed their knowledge. In the first phase this was a 9-question quiz and then progressed to a 10-question quiz to ensure we incorporated all 4 key elements of the screening (hips, heart, eyes and testes).What did you find?Overall, we received 98 responses to the pre-session questionnaire and 71 responses to the post-study questionnaire, which were analysed after each session to improve the next. Unfortunately, the pre-session questionnaire results for one cohort were lost. These values were entirely excluded from the final data set.The average pre-session score was 34% with the average post session score being 80%, an average improvement of 46%.Across both cohorts, the majority of students became more confident with performing the examination. Students gave an average self-rating of 1.8 pre -session compared to 4.2 post session (1 being not at all confident and 5 being very confident).A similar pattern was seen with personal perception of knowledge of the exam and what it involves, with an average self-rating score of 1.35 pre-session compared to 4.25 post session (1 being ‘I know nothing’ and 5 being ‘I know everything’)Feedback comments included:‘Very well taught and clinically relevant’‘Really good and concise with good practical skills at the end’This also resulted in feedback for the FDs involved who could add this teaching to their portfolio as supervised learning events/examples of delivering teaching.What does it mean?This project demonstrates a mutual benefit; giving FDs the opportunity to teach whilst also demonstrating a consistent improvement in students’ knowledge and confidence around the NIPE. Moving forward we are planning to expand this project to focus on supporting more foundation trainees in the region to build their teaching skills.

Concerns regarding high rates of teacher stress and burnout are present globally. Yet there is limited current data regarding the severity of stress, or the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors in relation to teacher stress and burnout within the Australian context. The present study, conducted over an 18-month period, prior to the COVID pandemic, surveyed 749 Australian teachers to explore their experience of work-related stress and burnout; differences in stress and burnout across different demographic groups within the profession; as well as the contributing role of intrapersonal and environmental factors, particularly, emotion regulation, subjective well-being, and workload. Results showed over half of the sample reported being very or extremely stressed and were considering leaving the profession, with early career teachers, primary teachers, and teachers working in rural and remote areas reporting the highest stress and burnout levels. Conditional process analyses highlighted the importance of emotion regulation, workload and subjective well-being in the development of teacher stress and some forms of burnout. Implications for educational practice are discussed. [Author abstract]

Miscommunication between instructors and students is a significant obstacle to post-secondary learning. Students may skip office hours due to insecurities or scheduling conflicts, which can lead to missed opportunities for questions. To support self-paced learning and encourage creative thinking skills, academic institutions must redefine their approach to education by offering flexible educational pathways that recognize continuous learning. To this end, we developed an AI-augmented intelligent educational assistance framework based on a powerful language model (i.e., GPT-3) that automatically generates course-specific intelligent assistants regardless of discipline or academic level. The virtual intelligent teaching assistant (TA) system, which is at the core of our framework, serves as a voice-enabled helper capable of answering a wide range of course-specific questions, from curriculum to logistics and course policies. By providing students with easy access to this information, the virtual TA can help to improve engagement and reduce barriers to learning. At the same time, it can also help to reduce the logistical workload for instructors and TAs, freeing up their time to focus on other aspects of teaching and supporting students. Its GPT-3-based knowledge discovery component and the generalized system architecture are presented accompanied by a methodical evaluation of the system’s accuracy and performance.

This study uses multilevel modeling to analyze data from a national sample of full-time, undergraduate faculty at four-year institutions to examine the connections among race, gender, sources of stress, and productivity in the areas of research, teaching, and service. We find that stress due to discrimination has particular negative salience for faculty of color By contrast, stress due to family obligations significantly and positively correlated with faculty's adoption of student-centered teaching practices and participation in civic-minded activities.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of autonomy, workload, and work-life balance on job performance among teachers. A survey was carried out among teachers in public schools in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative approach to address the research objectives. A total of 302 teachers reported on their level of autonomy, workload, and work-life balance as well as job performance. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0 and Partial Least Square (Smart PLS) version 2.0. Findings Based on the statistical analyses conducted, the findings reported that autonomy and work-life balance had a significant impact on respondents’ job performance. Workload, on the other hand, had no substantial bearing on job performance among school teachers in this study. Practical implications In terms of practical ramifications, the management of schools need to focus on measures to enhance autonomy and work-life balance in improving job performance among teachers. Finally, directions for future research and conclusion of the study are also presented. Originality/value Discussions emphasized on the importance of work-life balance and autonomy in elevating job performance among teachers. This study also provided partial support to the Border and Boundary Theory.

This paper presents the case of an adjunct university professor to illustrate the dilemma of using artificial intelligence (AI) technology to grade student papers. The hypothetical case discusses the benefits of using a commercial AI service to grade student papers—including discretion, convenience, pedagogical merits of consistent feedback for students, and advances made in the field that yield high-quality work—all of which are achieved quickly. Arguments against using AI to grade student papers involve cost, privacy, legality, and ethics. The paper discusses career implications for faculty members in both situations and concludes with implications for researchers within the discourse on academic integrity.

The term \"hybrid\" emerged as a common descriptor of pandemic-modified schooling configurations. Yet this umbrella term insufficiently captures the variations among hybrid models, particularly as it pertains to the structure of teacher workdays and related workload demands. Drawing on qualitative research documenting K-12 U.S. teachers' experience teaching during COVID-19, this brief introduces and explicates three terms specifying structural hybrid models—parallel, alternating, and blended—and their implications for teachers' work. Differentiating among the models facilitates future analysis of the implications of hybrid schooling for teacher and student experience. Initial analysis indicates teachers experienced one model, blended hybrid, as more challenging than others. This teacher perception highlights the need to discern among the three hybrid models more closely when analyzing schools' responses to the pandemic. Differentiating among hybrid models may prompt future analysis of hybrid schooling for teacher workload and student learning.

The emergency caused by COVID-19 and the transition to distance learning has made teachers face novel decision-making situations. As the teachers’ pedagogical decisions have an impact on the students’ learning experience, the aim of this study was to describe and explain what influenced the teachers’ teaching-related decisions and how these decisions were reflected in the teaching process during distance learning. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with 16 Estonian basic school science teachers. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The results show that teachers’ teaching-related decisions were influenced by factors that were related to the existence of digital tools as well as to the ability to use them purposefully in the home settings of teachers and students. Teachers’ teaching decisions were mostly motivated by short-term goals, such as maintaining students’ social interaction and supporting student motivation. The desire of teachers to keep students’ and teachers’ own workload affordable was also considered as a factor influencing teachers’ teaching-related decisions. According to the interviews, the switch of focus to workload and well-being and valuing socialization and student motivation over subject matter competences seems to be unique for this new situation.