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Who is the most probable mentor to Johannes Vermeer? To provide complementary evidence for this question, the authors quantitatively analyzed and compared the visual features of the works of Vermeer with those of artists proposed as his possible mentors. The results showed that Vermeer and Gerard ter Borch have similar artistic styles in many respects.

Integrated combination of multiple colors as it is, color gestalt invariably troubles researchers as they seek to understand and analyze the complex constructions of affective factors. The author proposes a set of quantification methods for measuring color-affective factors of harmony, preference and structural composition. He also describes quantified models and interactive toolkits he built for both experimental purposes and user study. The author proposes a holistic method for understanding color combination that stands in contrast to conventional methods. Through this method, perception of color gestalt becomes computable and analyzable, inviting further research on interactive color computing and parametric design.

In order to meet the demands of humanity and address the global environmental situation, it is imperative that we explore alternative energy sources and advance energy storage technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Nd-doping on the structural and electrochemical performance of FeAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs). The successful synthesis of Nd-doped FeAl 2 O 4 NPs) was accomplished through a simple sonication process. An evaluation was conducted on the properties of Nd-doping FeAl 2 O 4 NPs) to determine their suitability for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Moreover, the specific capacitance (Cs) of Nd-doped FeAl 2 O 4 NPs) reaches a maximum of 1194.69 F g −1 when subjected to a current density of 1.0 A g −1 compared to FeAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, Nd-doped FeAl 2 O 4 NPs exhibited excellent cyclic stability and low impedance ( R ct  = 0.07 Ω), owing to their modified morphology, making a promising material for supercapacitor SC electrodes that offer high capacity, affordability, and environmental friendliness. Our research has validated that the synthesized material can enhance the capacitive properties of transition-metal oxides with spinel structures in new, generated energy storage devices.

In this review article, the latest applications of machine learning (ML) in the additive manufacturing (AM) field are reviewed. These applications, such as parameter optimization and anomaly detection, are classified into different types of ML tasks, including regression, classification, and clustering. The performance of various ML algorithms in these types of AM tasks are compared and evaluated. Finally, several future research directions are suggested.

Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method using ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as the starting materials. The shape and the size of Fe 3 O 4 NPs were controlled by using different types of additive including ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The results revealed that by adding ammonium hydroxide, the particles attained a spherical shape with a uniform size. On the other hand, the shape of the particles turned from spherical to cubic using sodium hydroxide. The magnetic results showed that both samples attained hysteresis loop, which indicated that both samples have ferromagnetic behavior. In addition, Fe 3 O 4 NPs with cubic shape showed higher adsorptive behaviour towards Congo red compared to spherical Fe 3 O 4 NPs, which is attributed to the enhancement of their magnetic properties. The adsorption of Congo red onto cubic Fe 3 O 4 NPs was best described by Langmuir isotherm model, while spherical Fe 3 O 4 NPs followed Freundlich isotherm model.

The development of an inexpensive, efficient, and sustainable material suitable for energy storage applications is the need of modern era. Due to their affordability, eco-friendliness, high efficiency, and unique electronic structure metal oxides are the favorable candidate for this purpose. Here, the most desirable MnO 2 /ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated via hydrothermal route. The successful fabrication of synthetic material was confirmed via X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by analyzing the crystal structure, functionality, morphology, chemical property, and electronic properties. The electrochemical study was carried out in 1.0 M KOH (alkaline media) to assess the electrochemical performance of the fabricated composite materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and supercapacitors. For this purpose, several various tests, like cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed. The electrochemical results revealed that the fabricated MnO 2 /ZnO nanocomposite has a Tafel slope and overpotential of 33.7 mV dec −1 and 274 mV, respectively. The small values of the Tafel slope and overpotential confirmed that our fabricated MnO 2 /ZnO nanocomposite is a potential candidate for OER. Moreover, the resultant MnO 2 /ZnO nanocomposite has a specific capacitance of 1038.3 F g −1 and a power density of 396.3 Wh kg −1 . All these results confirmed that the fabricated MnO 2 /ZnO nanocomposite is a potential candidate for energy storage applications.

HighScore with the Plus option (HighScore Plus) is the commercial powder diffraction analysis software from PANalytical. It has been in constant development over the last 13 years and has evolved into a very complete and mature product. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the suite focusing on the latest additions and its user-friendliness. The introduction briefly touches some basic ideas behind HighScore and the Plus option.

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) encapsulates the myriad of manufacturing processes available to meet industrial needs. Determining which of these AM processes is best for a specific aerospace application can be overwhelming. Based on the application, each of these AM processes has advantages and challenges. The most common metal AM methods in use include Powder Bed Fusion, Directed Energy Deposition, and various solid-state processes. Within each of these processes, there are different energy sources and feedstock requirements. Component requirements heavily affect the process determination, despite existing literature on these AM processes (often inclusive of input parameters and material properties). This article provides an overview of the considerations taken for metal AM process selection for aerospace components based on various attributes. These attributes include geometric considerations, metallurgical characteristics and properties, cost basis, post-processing, and industrialization supply chain maturity. To provide information for trade studies and selection, data on these attributes were compiled through literature reviews, internal NASA studies, as well as academic and industry partner studies and data. These studies include multiple AM components and sample build experiments to evaluate (1) material and geometric variations and constraints within the processes, (2) alloy characterization and mechanical testing, (3) pathfinder component development and hot-fire evaluations, and (4) qualification approaches. This article summarizes these results and is meant to introduce various considerations when designing a metal AM component.

In this work, the reduction mechanism of potassium chromate (K2CrO4) was investigated via in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. During the hydrogen reduction of K2CrO4, the formation of K3CrO4, KCrO2, and K x CrO2 were detected for the first time. The study discovered that K2CrO4 was firstly reduced to K3CrO4 and an amorphous Cr(III) intermediate product at low temperature (400–500 °C). Moreover, the K3CrO4 was the only crystalline material at this stage. As the temperature increased, a stabilized amorphous CrOOH was formed. At a high temperature (550–700 °C), KCrO2 was generated. Interestingly, a portion of KCrO2 was spontaneously decomposed during the hydrogen reduction, accompanying by the formation of K0.7CrO2. Finally, the results clearly illustrated the reduction mechanism of K2CrO4: K2CrO4 → K3CrO4 → amorphous intermediate → KCrO2.

Flora and fauna have evolved to distribute their structural mass efficiently in response to their environment. Inspired by this structural efficiency, functionally graded lattices (FGL) are an emerging subset of non-uniform lattices that employ density gradients for a function-driven mechanical response. These gradients are controlled by stepwise or continuous changes in the geometry or topology of the lattice unit cells. FGLs have the capacity for multifunctionality, facilitating high compliance and energy absorption, or moderate strength and stiffness depending upon the specific gradient. These novel lattice structures have been utilized for a range of applications, including biomimetic implants, heat dissipation, and impact absorption. The fabrication of FGLs with complex internal topologies is facilitated through additive manufacturing (AM) using materials such as metals, polymers, and composites. The mechanical properties of these lattices have been examined through compressive testing. The elastic modulus and the yield stress are reported to range from 0.009 GPa to 6.0 GPa, and from 0.38 MPa to 424 MPa for relative densities between 10% and 80%, respectively. Energy absorption is reported to supersede conventional uniform lattices by up to 30%. By accumulating and assessing the mechanical, geometric, and topological data from the FGL literature, this review will systematically classify and explore the viability of these novel structures for real-world applications.