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The smile stealers : the fine + foul art of dentistry
This achingly jawdropping book follows the evolution of dentistry throughout the world from the Bronze Age to the present day, presenting captivating and grim illustrations of the tools and techniques of dentistry through the ages. Organized chronologically, The Smile Stealers interleaves beautiful and gruesome technical illustrations and paintings from the Wellcome Collection's unique archive of material from Europe, America and the Far East with seven authoritative and eloquent themed articles from medical historian Richard Barnett. A comprehensive review of the development of the trade and discipline of dentistry, it covers topics as diverse as the very first dentures (produced by the Etruscans in the seventh century bce); the smile revolution in 18th-century portraiture; and the role of dentistry in forensic science - all in one beautifully illustrated volume. Extending the cult of the medically macabre begun by its predecessors The Sick Rose and Crucial Interventions, The Smile Stealers is guaranteed to appeal to lovers of the horrific and the beautiful alike as it probes the growth of dentistry - from pulling out bad teeth to reconstructing jaws, and from painful action to pain-free interventions and the pursuit of the perfect smile.
Book
The Smile Stealers
This achingly jawdropping book follows the evolution of dentistry throughout the world from the Bronze Age to the present day, presenting captivating and grim illustrations of the tools and techniques of dentistry through the ages. Organized chronologically, The Smile Stealers interleaves beautiful and gruesome technical illustrations and paintings from the Wellcome Collection's unique archive of material from Europe, America and the Far East with seven authoritative and eloquent themed articles from medical historian Richard Barnett. A comprehensive review of the development of the trade and discipline of dentistry, it covers topics as diverse as the very first dentures (produced by the Etruscans in the seventh century bce); the smile revolution in 18th-century portraiture; and the role of dentistry in forensic science - all in one beautifully illustrated volume. Extending the cult of the medically macabre begun by its predecessors The Sick Rose and Crucial Interventions, The Smile Stealers is guaranteed to appeal to lovers of the horrific and the beautiful alike as it probes the growth of dentistry - from pulling out bad teeth to reconstructing jaws, and from painful action to pain-free interventions and the pursuit of the perfect smile.
eBook
Dietary diversity and evolution of the earliest flying vertebrates revealed by dental microwear texture analysis
Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve active flight, lived between 210 and 66 million years ago. They were important components of Mesozoic ecosystems, and reconstructing pterosaur diets is vital for understanding their origins, their roles within Mesozoic food webs and the impact of other flying vertebrates (i.e. birds) on their evolution. However, pterosaur dietary hypotheses are poorly constrained as most rely on morphological-functional analogies. Here we constrain the diets of 17 pterosaur genera by applying dental microwear texture analysis to the three-dimensional sub-micrometre scale tooth textures that formed during food consumption. We reveal broad patterns of dietary diversity (e.g.
Dimorphodon
as a vertebrate consumer;
Austriadactylus
as a consumer of ‘hard’ invertebrates) and direct evidence of sympatric niche partitioning (
Rhamphorhynchus
as a piscivore;
Pterodactylus
as a generalist invertebrate consumer). We propose that the ancestral pterosaur diet was dominated by invertebrates and later pterosaurs evolved into piscivores and carnivores, shifts that might reflect ecological displacements due to pterosaur-bird competition.
Microwear patterns on teeth can be used to infer diet as different foods leave different marks. Here, Bestwick and colleagues analyse microwear from the teeth of pterosaurs—extinct flying reptiles colloquially known as “pterodactyls”—to reconstruct their dietary diversity and evolution.
Journal Article
The tales teeth tell : development, evolution, behavior
\"Why do anthropologists study teeth? Teeth contain detailed records of growth, health, and diet, as well as our evolutionary history. So what are the tales teeth tell? The French naturalist George Cuvier famously remarked, \"Show me your teeth and I will tell you who you are.\" In this book, we will explore the intimate precision, striking beauty, and integrative power of incremental growth rhythms in teeth. We will also consider the surprising records of behavior that remain on their surfaces for millennia. For example, the plaque our hygienists carefully remove traps food particles, bacteria, and DNA from our own cells in a sticky layer that can fossilize over time into dental calculus. While calculus doesn't show the same faithful records as enamel and dentine, it captures human activity after our teeth finish growing, continuing the story of our behavior and health into adulthood and old age. We'll learn how complementary clues such as microscopic scratches and pits formed during chewing have spawned serious debates about the evolution of the human diet. And we'll see how evidence from teeth may point to the uniqueness of our own species, Homo sapiens, with our long childhoods, remarkably diverse diets, and complex behaviors\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The history of treatment planning the extraction of the first permanent molar in the UK
This paper researches the history of treatment planning for extraction of the first permanent molars and the early influence of American orthodontists on dental practice in the UK. It also discusses the development of clinical guidelines for the enforced extraction of first permanent molars to the present day.
Key points
This paper looks at influencers in the management of carious first permanent molars and the role of American orthodontists in UK dental practice.
The paper illustrates lessons from history regarding the dangers of treatment planning to a dogmatic philosophy.
The paper discusses the development of modern clinical guidelines for the enforced extraction of first permanent molars.
Journal Article
Dental indicators of ancient dietary patterns: dental analysis in archaeology
Key Points
Highlights that investigating ancient dentitions can provide information about the dietary habits of our ancestors.
Describes the wide range of analytical techniques available to investigate ancient teeth.
Provides examples of how such investigations have aided the archaeologist and historian in reconstructing ancient lifestyle patterns.
What can the study of ancient teeth tell us about the dietary habits of our ancestors? Diet plays a prominent role in the organisation and evolution of human cultures and an increasingly diverse array of analytical techniques are available to help reconstruct diet in ancient populations. Dental palaeopathology is particularly important as it can provide direct evidence of the type of diet an individual consumed during life. Heavy occlusal tooth wear is the most frequent condition recognisable and an examination of both macro and microscopic patterns of wear can establish the differences between the hard fibrous diet typical of a hunter-gatherer, and a diet primarily consisting of softer plant foods consumed by an agriculturist. The distributions of trace elements and stable isotopes in food webs make it possible to use them as natural tracers of foodstuffs. Through a consideration of photosynthetic pathways, the ratios of the different stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen can determine which specific groups of plants and animals were dominant in the food chains of various populations – a fact that has been used to trace the spread of agriculture in ancient civilisations.
Journal Article
Forty years of national surveys: An overview of children's dental health from 1973-2013
Key Points
Reviews the main results of the 2013 Children's Dental Health (CDH) Survey.
Outlines trends in dental disease in children over a 40-year period.
Illustrates the decline in caries in primary and permanent teeth.
Predicts the relevance of the number of sound teeth in 15-year-olds affecting adult dental health.
Summarises attitudinal and behavioural characteristics.
Introduction
The first national survey of children's dental health in England and Wales was carried out in 1973. Subsequent surveys, in 1983, 1993 and 2003, included all United Kingdom health departments. The 2013 survey involved England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Aim
To consider all five surveys, from 1973 to 2013, so as to summarise trends in the dental health of children in the UK over the last 40 years.
Materials and method
The 2013 survey was commissioned by the Health & Social Care Information Centre and all surveys used data collected during dental examinations conducted in schools on a random sample of children by NHS dentists, together with a questionnaire to parents of those children. In 2013, a pupil questionnaire for 12- and 15-year-olds was introduced, to complement information received from parents and carers.
Results
A total of 69,318 children, aged 5–15 years, were involved, from 1973-2013. Caries prevalence has reduced from 72% to 41% in 5-year-olds, and from 97% to 46% in 15-year-olds in 40 years. Changes in periodontal disease, orthodontic treatment, accidental damage to anterior teeth, tooth surface loss and enamel defects, are also summarised. Behavioural and attitudinal characteristics observed in the 2013 report are listed.
Conclusions
Caries is now concentrated in a minority of children. The prevalence of gingivitis has not changed a great deal in 40 years. About half of those children assessed 'in orthodontic need' receive treatment.
Journal Article
Inverted and horizontal impacted third molars in an Early Modern skull from Wrocław, Poland: a case report
Background: An impacted tooth is one of the most commonly occurring dental anomalies, although some types of impaction (i.e. inverted angulation) may be considered rare finding. There are many hypotheses regarding impaction aetiology. One of the most popular hypotheses suggested that this condition may result from insufficient space in retromolar space, other: improper angulation of tooth bud, malposition of the tooth germ or hereditary factors, insufficient interproximal attrition, ectopy or dysfunction of genes necessary for proper tooth eruption. This study aims to present the odontological and paleopathological assessment of the impacted molars observed within the skull excavated from an early modern cemetery in Wroclaw. Materials and methods: The skull used in the study was complete and in a good state of preservation. It belonged to an adult individual whose body was buried at the former Salvator Cemetery (currently Czysty Square). The individual’s dentition was almost completely lost antemortem. Only second molars preserved within the maxillae (bilaterally) and the mandible was almost edentulous as well. The morphometric traits have been taken according to standards established by R. Martin. Macroscopic observations were supported by X-rays and computed tomography imaging. Results: The age at death was estimated at 20–35 years. Comparison of the metric characteristics of skull with the reference material reveals that it is much smaller than the average female skull from this series. Morphometric indices calculated for both splanchocranium and neurocranium allow defining the skull and jaw as short, which could be an important factor involved in the teeth impaction. Conclusions: Atypical impaction of the third molars could result from small size of skull and could have significantly deteriorated the quality of life of the individual.
Journal Article