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result(s) for
"Television watching"
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The psychology of binge TV watching
This fascinating work provides an up-to-date examination of shifts in the nature and impact of TV and video watching that has largely been driven by non-linear TV and video services online.
BOOK
Media marathoning
Media Marathoning: Immersions in Morality is a scholarly study of the intense relationship between reader and story world, analyzing the way audiences become absorbed in a fictive text and dedicate many hours to exploring its narrative contours.
eBook
Remotely : travels in the binge of TV
A leading film critic discusses the evolving world of streaming media and its impact on society.
Book
Genetic Liability to Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Stroke, Its Subtypes and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Objective: To investigate the causal association of domain-specific sedentary behaviors with cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential mediators among these associations. Methods: Genetic instruments were identified for television watching, computer use and driving behavior from a genome-wide association study including 408,815 subjects. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to estimate the causal effect of sedentary behaviors on the cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Multivariable MR analysis was applied to adjust potential confounding factors, and mediation analysis was conducted to explore potential mediators. Results: Genetically predisposition to 1.5 h/day increase in leisure time watching television was associated with increased risk of all-cause stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.52, p -value for MR-Egger method ( P Egger ) = 0.11, I 2 = 37%, Cochrane’s Q = 212, p -value for Cochran Q test ( P Q ) < 0.001], and ischemic stroke (OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.10–1.49, P Egger = 0.04, I 2 = 35%, Cochrane’s Q = 206, P Q = 0.002). Interestingly, television watching may decrease the risk of Parkinson’s disease (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.50–0.84, P Egger = 0.47, I 2 = 19%, Cochrane’s Q = 157, P Q = 0.04). Television watching was a detrimental factor of cognitive performance (estimate = −0.46, 95%CI = −0.55 – −0.37, P Egger = 0.001, I 2 = 85%, Cochrane’s Q = 862, P Q < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses using leave out method and MR-PRESSO method suggested weak evidence of pleiotropy. Conclusion: We provided genetic evidence for the causal association of television watching with increased risk of all-cause stroke and ischemic stroke, decreased risk of Parkinson’s disease, and worse cognitive performance. The results should be interpreted with caution considering the pleiotropy.
Journal Article
Causal associations between leisure sedentary behaviors and sleep status with frailty: insight from Mendelian randomization study
Background
Observational studies have suggested that sedentary behaviors and sleep status are associated with frailty. However, it remains unclear whether these associations are causal.
Methods
Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies, we evaluated the causal effect of modifiable risk factors, including leisure sedentary behaviors and sleep status on the frailty index (FI) using two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Genetic correlations were tested between the correlated traits.
Results
We identified potential causal associations between the time spent watching television (
β
= 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.31,
P
= 3.98e-25), sleep duration (
β
= -0.18, 95%CI: -0.26, -0.10;
P
= 6.04e-06), and daytime napping (
β
= 0.29, 95%CI: 0.18–0.41,
P
= 2.68e-07) and the FI based on the inverse-variance-weighted method. The estimates were consistent across robust and multivariate MR analyses. Linkage disequilibrium score regression detected a genetic correlation between the time spent watching television (Rg = 0.43,
P
= 6.46e-48), sleep duration (Rg = -0.20,
P
= 5.29e-10), and daytime napping (Rg = 0.25,
P
= 3.34e-21) and the FI.
Conclusions
Genetic predispositions to time spent watching television and daytime napping were positively associated with the FI, while sleep duration was negatively associated with the FI. Our findings offer key insights into factors influencing biological aging and suggest areas for interventions to promote healthy aging and slow down the aging process.
Journal Article
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in European children: the IDEFICS study
To estimate the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in European children, and to evaluate the relationship between media availability in personal space and physical activity in relation to total screen time.
Data from the baseline IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cross-sectional survey. Information on hours of television/digital video disk/video viewing and computer/games-console use (weekday and weekend days), media device availability in personal space, sports club membership, hours of active organized play and commuting (to and from school) were assessed via a self-reported parental questionnaire. Total screen time was defined as the sum of daily media use and subsequently dichotomized into meeting or not meeting the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Eight survey centres (Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Spain).
Children (n 15 330; 51% males) aged 2-10 years.
Percentage of children engaged in total screen time for >2 h/d was higher on weekend days (52% v. 20% on weekdays) and in the older group (71% in males; 57% in females), varying by country. Children with a television set in their bedroom were more likely not to meet the screen time recommendations (OR = 1·54; 95% CI 1·60, 1·74).
Approximately a third of the children failed to meet current screen time recommendations. Availability of a television set in personal space increased the risk of excess total screen time. This information could be used to identify potential targets for public health promotion actions of young population groups.
Journal Article
Barriers and Facilitators to Binge-Watching Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), this rapid review coded the barriers and facilitators to binge-watching and identified corresponding behaviour change techniques (BCTs) for intervention purposes. Twenty-nine studies reporting influences on binge-watching fulfilled the inclusion criteria and passed quality appraisal checks. Data were extracted and coded accordingly, as informed by the TDF. Findings indicate that most facilitators focused on the goals of binge-watching, such as escapism, and the social influences, such as companionship, while most barriers related to behavioural regulation, such as self-control and self-regulation. BCTs included ‘Goal setting (outcome)’, ‘Social comparison’, and ‘Self-monitoring of behaviour’. Results suggest intervention strategies targeting facilitators to binge-watching by incorporating the identified BCTs may succeed in inhibiting binge-watching behaviours. However, accounting for the intensity of binge-watching was not an objective of the present review; therefore, future research should take into account the varying levels of engagement in binge-watching when developing interventions.
Journal Article
The impact of lifestyle intervention on sedentary time in individuals at high risk of diabetes
Aims/hypothesis
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention successfully achieved its goal of increasing leisure physical activity levels. This current study examines whether the lifestyle intervention also changed time spent being sedentary and the impact of sedentary time on diabetes development in this cohort.
Methods
3,232 DPP participants provided baseline data. Sedentary behaviour was assessed via an interviewer-administered questionnaire and reported as time spent watching television specifically (or combined with sitting at work). Mean change in sedentary time was examined using repeated measures ANCOVA. The relationship between sedentary time and diabetes incidence was determined using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
During the DPP follow-up (mean: 3.2 years), sedentary time declined more in the lifestyle than the metformin or placebo participants (
p
< 0.05). For the lifestyle group, the decrease in reported mean television watching time (22 [95% CI 26, 17] min/day) was greater than in the metformin or placebo groups (
p
< 0.001). Combining all participants together, there was a significantly increased risk of developing diabetes with increased television watching (3.4% per hour spent watching television), after controlling for age, sex, treatment arm and leisure physical activity (
p
< 0.01), which was attenuated when time-dependent weight was added to the model.
Conclusions/interpretation
In the DPP, the lifestyle intervention was effective at reducing sedentary time, which was not a primary goal. In addition, in all treatment arms, individuals with lower levels of sedentary time had a lower risk of developing diabetes. Future lifestyle intervention programmes should emphasise reducing television watching and other sedentary behaviours in addition to increasing physical activity.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00004992
Journal Article
Individual Characteristics and the Multiple Contexts of Adolescent Bullying: An Ecological Perspective
This paper uses an ecological perspective to explore the risk factors associated with bullying behaviors among a representative sample of adolescents aged 11-14 [graphic removed] Data derived from the Health Behavior in School Children: WHO Cross-National Survey were used to model the relationship between bullying and media effects, peer and family support systems, self-efficacy, and school environment. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bullying increases among children who watch television frequently, lack teacher support, have themselves been bullied, attend schools with unfavorable environments, have emotional support from their peers, and have teachers and parents who do not place high expectations on their school performance. In addition, we found an inverse relationship between being Asian or African American, feeling left out of school activities and bullying. Our results lend support to the contention that bullying arises out of deficits in social climate, but that social support systems mediate bullying behavior irrespective of the student's racial/ethnic characteristics, parental income levels or media influences. Because the number of friends and the ability to talk to these friends increases the likelihood of bullying, we suggest that bullying is not simply an individual response to a particular environment but is a peer-group behavior. We conclude that limiting television viewing hours, improving student's abilities to access family support systems and improving school atmospheres are potentially useful interventions to limit bullying behavior.
Journal Article