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"Tengu."
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unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium
One of the most important themes in agricultural science is the identification of virulence factors involved in plant disease. Here, we show that a single virulence factor, tengu-su inducer (TENGU), induces witches' broom and dwarfism and is a small secreted protein of the plant-pathogenic bacterium, phytoplasma. When tengu was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, these plants showed symptoms of witches' broom and dwarfism, which are typical of phytoplasma infection. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing tengu exhibited similar symptoms, confirming the effects of tengu expression on plants. Although the localization of phytoplasma was restricted to the phloem, TENGU protein was detected in apical buds by immunohistochemical analysis, suggesting that TENGU was transported from the phloem to other cells. Microarray analyses showed that auxin-responsive genes were significantly down-regulated in the tengu-transgenic plants compared with GUS-transgenic control plants. These results suggest that TENGU inhibits auxin-related pathways, thereby affecting plant development.
Journal Article
Tengu : the shamanic and esoteric origins of the Japanese martial arts
\"The first in-depth study in English to examine the warrior and shamanic characteristics and significance of tengu in the martial art culture (bugei) of Muromachi Japan (1336-1573). According to Roald Knutsen, who is widely known for his writings on the samurai tradition, prompting his life-long study of tengu--the part-human, part-animal creatures-- was the early discovery that the tengu of the Muromachi period were interacting with the deadly serious Bugei masters teaching the arts of war. Here were beings who did not conform to the comic, goblin-like creatures of common folklore and were not the creations of the Buddhist priests intent on demonizing that which they did not understand and could not control. As this study shows, the part-hidden tengu under review passed on and taught the clearest theory of tactics and strategy to bushi of the highest calibre, the absorption and mastery of which often decided if the warrior and his clan lived or were annihilated on the all-too-frequent killing grounds of the Muromachi age. Tengu will be widely welcomed in many contexts including studies relating to martial arts, religion and folklore, shamanism and mythology, and the social and military history of Japan.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Tengu : the shamanic and esoteric origins of the Japanese martial arts
This is the first in-depth study in English to examine the warrior and shamanic characteristics and significance of tengu in the martial art culture (bugei) of Muromachi Japan (1336-1573).
eBook
The Usagi Yojimbo saga. Book 4
\"Usagi attends a duel between his former teacher Katsuichi and a rival before continuing his travels, this time accompanied by his son Jotaro\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The Invention and Reception of the Mino'odera engi
In this article, I attend to the creative processes involved both in the writing and the reception of jisha engi, through the example of a twelfth century Shugendo engi called Mino'odera engi. First, I examine how the Mino'odera engi contributed decisively to the hagiographic evolution of En no Gyōja, the seventh-century figure whom Shugendo practitioners chose as their founder. Then I focus on the way in which this text was used and received, both at Mino'odera and in a broader, regional context. Through comparison with historical, literary, and religious sources, I argue that documents like the Mino'odera engi played an instrumental role in restructuring the spatial and temporal imaginaire of their surroundings and of Japanese Buddhism. Overall, my aim is to draw attention not only to the composition and the contents of engi-type documents, but also to their use and circulation in the early medieval period.
Journal Article
Battling \Tengu\, Battling Conceit: Visualizing Abstraction in \The Tale of the Handcart Priest\
The sixteenth- or early seventeenth-century Tale of the Handcart Priest tells of an eccentric Zen practitioner's encounter with the legendary Tarōbō, a tengu of Mt. Atago who is attracted to the priest because of the priest's excessive pride. This article provides a close reading of The Tale of the Handcart Priest in its historical and literary context, drawing upon such related works as the noh plays Kuruma-zō and Zegai, the otogizōshi Matsuhime monogatari and Itozakura no monogatari, and the puppet play Shuten Dōji wakazakari. I discuss the significance of tengu, carts, and handcart priests in Japanese textual and pictorial sources from the twelfth through eighteenth centuries, as well as the possibilities for psychological realism in the larger world of medieval Japanese fiction. Taking a psychoanalytic interpretive approach, I argue that in Kuruma-zō sōshi and other medieval and Edo-period literary sources, characters' struggles with tengu can often be read allegorically as externalized depictions of those characters' internal struggles with their own \"demons\" of conceit.
Journal Article
History of the Telugu Christians
Christian communities in the state Andhra Pradesh of south India and the Telugu Christians in diaspora have passed their stories from one generation to the next by oral traditions as well as in scattered texts. These memories have sustained Telugu Christian communities for over four centuries. Yet there has been no significant attempt made to compile a comprehensive history of the Telugu Christians until James Elisha Taneti's History of the Telugu Christians: A Bibliography. This annotated bibliography lists more than 700 published and unpublished textual sources related to the history of Telugu Christians from south India. Opening a window into the histories of 15 mission societies from the North American region, History of the Telugu Christians lists monographs, journal articles, letters, reports, minutes and the proceedings of missionary conferences, unpublished theses, dissertations, souvenirs, and manuscripts. The documents selected by Taneti were written or printed in the English or Telugu languages by native Christians and western missionaries. Aimed to facilitate research and writing on Telugu Christians, Taneti's insightful historiographical analysis and comprehensive list of bibliographic sources offer seminarians, historians of Christianity, and scholars of India the opportunity to study closely the meeting of East and West and the religious history of India through the founding and evolution of this community.
eBook
Dancing as if Possessed A Coming Out Party in Edo Spirit Society
The nineteenth-century nativist Hirata Atsutanes desire to discover information about his theorized supernatural Other World of kami and other spirits was fulfilled through his leading conversations with the so-called tengu apprentice Torakichi. This interaction is well-documented in his work Senkyō iburiy which should be understood as a pseudo-ethnography of that Other World. However, Torakichi's usefulness to Atsutane was not merely limited to insights gained from growing up in that Other World and having been trained by its inhabitants. Atsutane also exploited his tengu apprentice Torakichi's unique talents in religious ritual and ritualized ceremonial settings to support Atsutanes theory of the superiority of native Japanese practices over all foreign traditions. This article seeks to bring to light how Atsutane subverted dominant modes of discourse and supported his controversial nativist theories by staging performances in Edo salon society to provide ritual verification of a new powerful kami-loving spirit in Edo.
Journal Article
Tourists in Paradise: Writing the Pure Land in Medieval Japanese Fiction
Late-medieval Japanese fiction contains numerous accounts of lay and monastic travelers to the Pure Land and other extra-human realms. In many cases, the \"tourists\" are granted guided tours, after which they are returned to the mundane world in order to tell of their unusual experiences. This article explores several of these stories from around the sixteenth century, including, most prominently, Fuji no hitoana sōshi, Tengu no dairi, and a section of Seiganji engi. I discuss the plots and conventions of these and other narratives, most of which appear to be based upon earlier oral tales employed in preaching and fund-raising, in order to illuminate their implications for our understanding of Pure Land-oriented Buddhism in late-medieval Japan. I also seek to demonstrate the diversity and subjectivity of Pure Land religious experience, and the sometimes startling gap between orthodox doctrinal and popular vernacular representations of Pure Land practices and beliefs.
Journal Article