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ATVs
\"ATV races challenge drivers with jumps, sharp turns, and rough terrain. But these tough machines aren't just for racing. They can take you to more places than any other vehicle on land. Find out what makes ATVs so versatile and why they remain one of the most popular vehicles around.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Experimental evaluation of speed and brake properties of domestic and foreign made utility terrain vehicles
Experimental evaluation of operational properties of the transport equipment allows to determine its technical level in real operational conditions. The test results can lay ground for developing initial data to design future equipment of this class. Results of the tests conducted to determine speed and braking properties of the Russian-made utility terrain vehicles (UTV), models RM 650-2, RM 800 (by SC Russkaya Mekhanika), Stels 800 Guepard (by Group of Companies Velomotors), as well as foreign-made UTV, models Yamaha Grizzly, BRP Outlander Max XT, BRP Outlander 6×6, Polaris Sportsman 1000, Polaris Ranger EV4x4 are described in the article.
Journal Article
ATVs and off-roaders
Explains what all terrain vehicles are, their main features, and ATV competitions.
Book
Linear Discontinuous Deformations and Building Damages – the Height of a Ground Step and the Value of a Terrain Inclination
The subject of the article is related to the observation and analysis of changes in the values of terrain inclinations. They were created due to the occurrence of linear discontinuous deformations of the ground surface (ground steps) near and under the buildings, which were caused by underground operation of a hard coal. The paper analyses research material from 3 residential buildings, 20 measurement points and 5 linear deformations. The aim of the research is to attempt to determine the relationship between the geometric parameters of linear discontinuous surface deformation (the height of fault) and the values of terrain inclinations observed along its the horizontal, transverse and longitudinal axes. Studies have shown that appearance of a ground step with the height of 1 cm may result in an increase of the terrain inclination value by 0.26 mm/m. In the case of the occurrence of linear discontinuous deformations with height values of several centimetres, the increase in the terrain inclination can be almost 1 mm/m for each centimetre of its height.
Journal Article
Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives
Digital terrain analysis (DTA) is one of the most important contents in the research of geographical information science (GIS). However, on the basis of the digital elevation model (DEM), many problems exist in the current research of DTA in geomorphological studies. For instance, the current DTA research appears to be focused more on morphology, phenomenon, and modern surface rather than mechanism, process, and underlying terrain. The current DTA research needs to be urgently transformed from the study of landform morphology to one focusing on landform process and mechanism. On this basis, this study summarizes the current research status of geomorphology-oriented DTA and systematically reviews and analyzes the research about the knowledge of geomorphological ontology, terrain modeling, terrain derivative calculation, and terrain analytical methods. With the help of DEM data, DTA research has the advantage of carrying out geomorphological studies from the perspective of surface morphology. However, the study of DTA has inherent defects in terms of data expression and analytic patterns. Thus, breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies are necessary. Moreover, scholars need to realize that DTA research must be transformed from phenomenon to mechanism, from morphology to process, and from terrain to landform. At present, the research development of earth science has reached the critical stage in which the DTA research should focus more on geomorphological ontology. Consequently, this study proposes several prospects of geomorphology-oriented DTA from the aspects of value-added DEM data model, terrain derivatives and their spatial relations, and macro-terrain analysis. The study of DTA based on DEM is at a critical period along with the issue on whether the current GIS technology can truly support the development of geography. The research idea of geomorphology-oriented DTA is expected to be an important exploration and practice in the field of GIS.
Journal Article
Improved A-Star Algorithm for Long-Distance Off-Road Path Planning Using Terrain Data Map
To overcome the limitation of poor processing times for long-distance off-road path planning, an improved A-Star algorithm based on terrain data is proposed in this study. The improved A-Star algorithm for long-distance off-road path planning tasks was developed to identify a feasible path between the start and destination based on a terrain data map generated using a digital elevation model. This study optimised the algorithm in two aspects: data structure, retrieval strategy. First, a hybrid data structure of the minimum heap and 2D array greatly reduces the time complexity of the algorithm. Second, an optimised search strategy was designed that does not check whether the destination is reached in the initial stage of searching for the global optimal path, thus improving execution efficiency. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, three different off-road path planning tasks were examined for short-, medium-, and long-distance path planning tasks. Each group of tasks corresponded to three different off-road vehicles, and nine groups of experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the processing efficiency of the proposed algorithm is significantly better than that of the conventional A-Star algorithm. Compared with the conventional A-Star algorithm, the path planning efficiency of the improved A-Star algorithm was accelerated by at least 4.6 times, and the maximum acceleration reached was 550 times for long-distance off-road path planning. The simulation results show that the efficiency of long-distance off-road path planning was greatly improved by using the improved algorithm.
Journal Article
An informative path planning framework for UAV-based terrain monitoring
Unmanned aerial vehicles represent a new frontier in a wide range of monitoring and research applications. To fully leverage their potential, a key challenge is planning missions for efficient data acquisition in complex environments. To address this issue, this article introduces a general informative path planning framework for monitoring scenarios using an aerial robot, focusing on problems in which the value of sensor information is unevenly distributed in a target area and unknown a priori. The approach is capable of learning and focusing on regions of interest via adaptation to map either discrete or continuous variables on the terrain using variable-resolution data received from probabilistic sensors. During a mission, the terrain maps built online are used to plan information-rich trajectories in continuous 3-D space by optimizing initial solutions obtained by a coarse grid search. Extensive simulations show that our approach is more efficient than existing methods. We also demonstrate its real-time application on a photorealistic mapping scenario using a publicly available dataset and a proof of concept for an agricultural monitoring task.
Journal Article