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Increasing antimicrobial resistance among pathogens that cause complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) supports the development of new antimicrobials. Eravacycline, a novel member of the fluorocycline family, is active against multidrug-resistant bacteria including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. IGNITE4 was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Hospitalized patients with cIAI received either eravacycline 1 mg/kg every 12 hours or meropenem 1 g every 8 hours intravenously for 4-14 days. The primary objective was to demonstrate statistical noninferiority (NI) in clinical cure rates at the test-of-cure visit (25-31 days from start of therapy) in the microbiological intent-to-treat population using a NI margin of 12.5%. Microbiological outcomes and safety were also evaluated. Eravacycline was noninferior to meropenem in the primary endpoint (177/195 [90.8%] vs 187/205 [91.2%]; difference, -0.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -6.3 to 5.3), exceeding the prespecified margin. Secondary endpoints included clinical cure rates in the modified ITT population (231/250 [92.4%] vs 228/249 [91.6%]; difference, 0.8; 95% CI, -4.1, 5.8) and the clinically evaluable population (218/225 [96.9%] vs 222/231 [96.1%]; (difference, 0.8; 95% CI -2.9, 4.5). In patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, clinical cure rates were 87.5% (14/16) and 84.6% (11/13) in the eravacycline and meropenem groups, respectively. Eravacycline had relatively low rates of adverse events for a drug of this class, with less than 5%, 4%, and 3% of patients experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, respectively. Treatment with eravacycline was noninferior to meropenem in adult patients with cIAI, including infections caused by resistant pathogens. NCT01844856.

In this paper, tartaric acid (C[sub.4]H[sub.6]O[sub.6]) was used as a reductant to treat chromium (VI)-containing solution. Several independent experimental parameters, including reaction temperature, concentration of H[sub.2]SO[sub.4], concentration of C[sub.4]H[sub.6]O[sub.6] and reaction time, on the reduction process were studied. The results showed that 100% of the Cr (VI) could be reduced by C[sub.4]H[sub.6]O[sub.6] in a strong acidic environment under a high reaction temperature. All of the experimental parameters showed positive effects on the reduction process and followed the order [H[sub.2]SO[sub.4]] > [C[sub.4]H[sub.6]O[sub.6]] > reaction temperature > reaction time. A higher concentration of tartaric acid and higher reaction temperature could facilitate the reduction process and reduce reaction time.

In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO[sub.2] heterojunction materials were successfully synthesized via a facile one-step solvothermal approach. A range of advanced characterization techniques were employed to thoroughly analyze the structural and compositional properties of the synthesized photocatalysts, and their application potential for tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light was studied. The results indicated that N-doped TiO[sub.2] exhibited a well-defined hierarchical micro/nanostructure and formed an efficient anatase/rutile homogeneous heterojunction. The photocatalytic performance of N-TiO[sub.2] for TC degradation under visible light was significantly enhanced, achieving a degradation efficiency of up to 87% after 60 min of irradiation. This improvement could be attributed to the synergistic effects of optimal nitrogen doping, heterojunction formation, and the hierarchical micro/nanostructure, which collectively reduced the bandgap energy and suppressed the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to systematically explore the impacts of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen doping on the energy band structure of TiO[sub.2].

Ceramic samples of CuCr[sub.1−x]Y[sub.x]O[sub.2] (x = 0–0.02) were synthesized via the high temperature solid-state reaction method, and the influence of Y[sup.3+] doping on their microstructure and antiferromagnetic phase transitions was systematically investigated. Y[sup.3+] doping increased the unit cell volume from 130.928 Å[sup.3] for x = 0 to 131.147 Å[sup.3] for x = 0.0200, and the average grain size decreased from 3.38 μm for x = 0 to 4.27 μm for x = 0.0200. The Cr and Y elements maintained +3 valence, while the Cu element had +1 valence. All samples showed obvious paramagnetism when the temperature was higher than 140 K. When the temperature continued to decrease, the lattice expansion changed the bond length and bond angle of the Cr-O-Cr bond, resulting in a change in the superexchange interaction, and the magnetic susceptibility increased significantly, gradually showing antiferromagnetism. The T[sub.N] of the undoped sample was about 46 K, the T[sub.N] of the doped sample with x = 0.0175 was about 21 K, and the T[sub.N] of other doped samples was about 30 K. This result indicates that Y[sup.3+] doping enhanced the antiferromagnetism of the sample but also weakened its antiferromagnetic stability.

In this study, a Z-Scheme WO[sub.3]/CoO p-n heterojunction with a 0D/3D structure was designed and prepared via a simple solvothermal approach to remove the combined pollution of tetracycline and heavy metal Cr(VI) in water. The 0D WO[sub.3] nanoparticles adhered to the surface of the 3D octahedral CoO to facilitate the construction of Z-scheme p-n heterojunctions, which could avoid the deactivation of the monomeric material due to agglomeration, extend the optical response range, and separate the photogenerated electronhole pairs. The degradation efficiency of mixed pollutants after a 70 min reaction was significantly higher than that of monomeric TC and Cr(VI). Among them, a 70% WO[sub.3]/CoO heterojunction had the best photocatalytic degradation effect on the mixture of TC and Cr(VI) pollutants, and the removing rate was 95.35% and 70.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, after five cycles, the removal rate of the mixed pollutants by the 70% WO[sub.3]/CoO remained almost unchanged, indicating that the Z-scheme WO[sub.3]/CoO p-n heterojunction has good stability. In addition, for an active component capture experiment, ESR and LC-MS were employed to reveal the possible Z-scheme pathway under the built-in electric field of the p-n heterojunction and photocatalytic removing mechanism of TC and Cr(VI). These results offer a promising idea for the treatment of the combined pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals by a Z-scheme WO[sub.3]/CoO p-n heterojunction photocatalyst, and have broad application prospects: boosted tetracycline and Cr(VI) simultaneous cleanup over a Z-scheme WO[sub.3]/CoO p-n heterojunction with a 0D/3D structure under visible light.

Omadacycline is a new antimicrobial that is related to tetracyclines and is active against a broad range of pathogens. In this randomized, controlled trial involving 774 adults, omadacycline was found to be noninferior to moxifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.

A facile step-by-step synthetic route was developed to synthesize the three-dimensional (3D) BiOI/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 heterojunction photocatalyst by loading BiOI nanosheets onto g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 microtubes. And adjusting the material ratio easily controlled the amount of BiOI nanosheets on BiOI/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 photocatalyst (BiOI/CN-0.5, BiOI/CN-1, BiOI/CN-3 and BiOI/CN-7). The photocatalytic properties were investigated by degradations of tetracycline (TC) and p-chlorophenol (4-CP) with visible-light irradiation. Eminently, the BiOI/CN-1 photocatalyst exhibited the best performance with the degradation rate of 86.98% TC in 90 min (the degradation rate 68.95% 4-CP in 240 min), which was much higher than pure BiOI or g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 as photocatalyst. Moreover, the BiOI/CN-1 photocatalyst possessed high stability and could be reused without much decrease in photocatalytic activity after four recycles. The significant separation and transfer property of photogenerated charge carriers were identified by photocurrent and PL spectroscopy, which contributed to the excellent degradation character of BiOI/CN-1 photocatalyst. In addition, active species capture experiment showed that the h.sup.+, OH and O.sub.2.sup.- were active radicals in the degradation process. And then, the Z-scheme transfer process of photogenerated charges for promoting catalytic performance was unveiled.

Rational development of innovative photocatalysts with efficient interfacial separation and stronger oxidation-reduction ability of photo-generated carrier is critical for environmental antibiotic purification. In this work, a novel dual Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites were fabricated based on the in-situ growth of CuBi.sub.2O.sub.4 nanoparticles onto the surface of TiO.sub.2 nanorods and Bi.sub.2O.sub.2CO.sub.3 nanosheets via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. Ternary TiO.sub.2/CuBi.sub.2O.sub.4/Bi.sub.2O.sub.2CO.sub.3 (TCB) composites showed enhanced photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TC), which is greater than pure Bi.sub.2O.sub.2CO.sub.3, CuBi.sub.2O.sub.4, TiO.sub.2 and binary composites. The TCB-20 composite exhibited the best photo-degradation efficiency of TC (82% at 60 min) and maintained a higher stability after four consecutive cycles. Additionally, a dual Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism with highly efficient and fast electron transfer was proposed, which prominently improves the photocatalytic performance. This work reports an integrated structure of a dual Z-scheme heterojunction that plays an important role in the degradation of tetracycline.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4]) is a promising material for photocatalytic applications. However, it suffers from poor visible-light absorption and a high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Here, Co/La@g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] with enhanced photocatalytic activity was prepared by co-doping Co and La into g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] via a facile one-pot synthesis. Co/La@g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] displayed better performance, achieving 94% tetracycline (TC) removal within 40 min, as compared with g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] (BCN, 65%). It also demonstrated promising performance in degrading other pollutants, which was 2–4-fold greater relative to BCN. The improved photocatalytic activity of Co/La@g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] was associated with improved photogenerated charge separation, reduced charge transfer resistance, a built-in electric field arising from the p-n-p heterojunction, and the synergistic effect of ternary components for the separation and transfer of the photogenerated charge carriers. Superoxide radicals are suggested to be the most notable reactive species responsible for the photocatalytic reaction. Environmental factors, including the pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, solution pH, inorganic salts, water matrices, and mixture with dyes, were considered in the photocatalytic reactions. Co/La@g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] showed good reusability for five cycles of the photocatalytic degradation of TC. The facile one-pot co-doping of Co and La in g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4] formed a p-n-p heterojunction with boosted photocatalytic activity for the highly efficient removal of TC from various water matrices.