Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
2,071
result(s) for
"Textile fibers Microscopy."
Sort by:
Textile Fiber Microscopy - A Practical Approach
This book offers an important and comprehensive guide to the study of textile fibers and contains a unique text that prioritizes a review of fibers' microstructure, macrostructure and chemical composition. The author - a noted expert in the field - details many fiber types and includes all the possible fiber shapes with a number of illustrative micrographs. The author explores a wealth of topics such as fiber end uses, fiber source and production, a history of each fiber and the sustainability of the various fibers. The text includes a review of environmentally friendly fibers and contains information on the most current fiber science by putting the focus on fibers that have been mechanically or chemically recycled, for use in textile production. The author also offers an exploration of issues of textile waste and the lack of textile recycling that can help public policymakers with ways to inform and regulate post-industrial and post-consumer textile waste issues.
eBook
Analytical Investigation of Two Socialist Realism Portraits Exposed to High Levels of Humidity. Case Studies from the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
This paper describes the combined use of several analytical methods to characterise the painting technology used in two socialist realism portraits of national heroes from World War II that are now housed in the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspection under UV light has shown that there was no previous retouching or overpainting on either painting. Microchemical tests identified the type of canvas. The radiograms indicated whether pigments with lower or higher atomic masses were used and how well the ground was rubbed among the threads of the canvas. A better penetration of the ground into the canvas and layers of oil dye that were applied to both sides of Painting 1 contributed to its better protection against high humidity. TLC revealed the type of ground on both paintings as a classic chalk-glue ground. The high humidity was responsible for the occurrence of metal soaps on Painting 2, which were confirmed by FTIR. The XRF analysis was used to describe the pigment palette, trace the causes of existing damages, and facilitate retouching. The results of this integrated diagnostic approach were used to optimise the conservation and better understand the features and techniques used in the creation of Bosnian socialistic artwork.
Journal Article
New insights into archaeological textiles (1000–1450AD) from the coastal region of the Atacama Desert: Preliminary evidence of a cochineal and shellfish purple dye combination
A multi-instrumental and non-destructive approach was used to integrally analyze four archaeological textiles from the Pre-Columbian Playa Miller-3 funerary site (1100–1450 AD) located on the coast of the Atacama Desert. The protocol included a fiber washing process with a dilute Triton X100 surfactant to remove the excess metallic components and impurities adhered to the surface of the dyed fibers. The use of animal fibers was confirmed via optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and comparing the elemental profiles of washed and unwashed textile fibers with those of soils from the archaeological site, we obtained elemental information related to potential mordants used in the dyeing process and detected the presence of bromine in some textile samples. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) using gold nanostructures identified the use of carminic acid and suggested a dye mixture composed of cochineal (carminic acid) and shellfish purple (dibromoindigo), which has not been previously reported for the Atacama Desert. This work provides new insights into pre-Columbian ancestral knowledge involved in the textile technology of the coastal population from this southern Andean region.
Journal Article
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of different particle size against Vibrio Natriegens
In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) of different sizes and evaluated their antibacterial activity. Particles size and morphology were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Evaluation of the bacteriostatic effects was performed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and comet assays. The smaller the particle size of Ag-NPs, the smaller the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), indicating the greater the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity was determined by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by bacteria and by bacterial membrane damage. In this study, we determined ROS-induced damage of bacteria caused by Ag-NPs. In conclusion, our findings indicated that Ag-NPs were effective at different particle sizes and concentrations and that the smaller the particle size of Ag-NPs, the greater the antibacterial activity.
Journal Article
Incorporating Textile-Derived Cellulose Fibers for the Strengthening of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate for 3D Printing Feedstock Materials
Unprecedented levels of production and consumption has led to solid waste accumulation in landfills and oceans. Two significant landfill constituents are textile waste and discarded plastic bottles. Since there is a finite amount of space available for landfill use, solutions that reuse these post-consumer products are imperative. The work presented here is a methodology for producing natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) from pseudo-raw materials. Post-consumer textile waste and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles were made compatible by way of surface modifications. Melt compounding was used to form a monofilament feedstock for extrusion-based 3D printing platforms. Hydrolysis and functionalization of cellulose fibers from white denim cloth was performed. It was found that adding recycled textile fibers to the recycled PET matrix had a toughening effect. Materials characterization involving dynamic mechanical analysis, attenuated total reflectance, impact testing, melt flow index, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to verify the efficacy of the functionalization process and to ascertain the robustness of the filler/matrix interface. The outcome is a demonstration of a feasible method for the repurposing of waste products for 3D printing applications.
Journal Article
Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibers
The aim of this study was to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibers after alkali treatment. The individual bamboo fibers were treated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with varying concentration (6, 8, 10, 15 and 25%) followed by rinsing and freeze-drying treatments. The alkali treated individual bamboo fibers were subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, confocal laser scanning microscopy and tensile strength tests. The results indicated that the alkali treatment resulted in more wrinkles and pores on the surface of bamboo fibers. Microfibril aggregates treated by 15 and 25% NaOH solution changed from a randomly interwoven structure to a granular structure. Cellulose I was transformed to cellulose II after 15 and 25% NaOH solution treatment. The alkali treatment reduced the diameter, lumen and cross sectional area of fiber, leading to the cracks in cell wall. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of individual bamboo fibers decreased with alkali treatment. NaOH concentration almost did not affect the tensile strength but influenced the MOE significantly. The elongation at break of treated individual fiber increased significantly. When compared to untreated individual fibers, the elongation at break of the fiber was increased by 232 and 221% after 15 and 25% NaOH treatments, respectively. Besides, increasing alkali concentration caused the change of the fibers from brittleness to ductility, indicating that alkali treated bamboo fibers have a promising application in textile.
Journal Article
Effects of hydrolysis conditions on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from kenaf bast fibers
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were first isolated from kenaf bast fibers and then characterized. The raw fibers were subjected to alkali treatment and bleaching treatment and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The influence of the reaction time on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CNC was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed during the alkali and bleaching treatments. The morphology and dimensions of the fibers and acid-released CNC were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity first increases upon hydrolysis and then decreases after long durations of hydrolysis. The optimal extraction time was found to be around 40 min during hydrolysis at 45 °C with 65% sulfuric acid. The thermal stability was found to decrease as the hydrolysis time increased. The electrophoretic mobility of the CNC suspensions was measured using the zeta potential, and it ranged from −8.7 to −95.3 mV.
Journal Article
High-Performance and Functional Fiber Materials—A Review of Properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy EDS
This review supports an overview of selected high-performance fibers and functional fiber materials. A review of several properties and applications is given. For fiber materials and fabrics, microscopic images taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. As well as this, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is performed on the fiber materials and an overview of EDS spectra is presented. The features of SEM images and EDS spectra are discussed, especially with the aim of supporting people who are working in the field of fiber analytics. To support a complete view of both analytic methods—SEM and EDS—challenges and typical mistakes for SEM measurements on textiles are also described. Altogether, this review supports a useful overview of interesting high technology fiber materials and their investigation using the analytical methods SEM and EDS. Using these, material properties and their composition are presented and discussed. The composition of industrial fiber materials is investigated and discussed, as well as fiber treatments for the realization of functional fiber properties. Furthermore, it aims to support a helpful tool for fiber and textile analytics and identification.
Journal Article