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The Making of Modern Liberalismis a deep and wide-ranging exploration of the origins and nature of liberalism from the Enlightenment through its triumphs and setbacks in the twentieth century and beyond. The book is the fruit of the more than four decades during which Alan Ryan, one of the world's leading political thinkers, has reflected on the past of the liberal tradition--and worried about its future. Tracing the emergence of liberalism as articulated by some of its greatest proponents, including Locke, Tocqueville, Mill, Dewey, Russell, Popper, Berlin, and Rawls, the book explores key themes such as the meaning and nature of freedom, individual rights, and tolerance. It also examines how property rights fit within liberal thinking, how work and freedom are connected, and how far liberal freedoms are compatible with a socialized economy. This is essential reading for anyone interested in political theory or the history of liberalism.

The publication in 1869 of Mill's Subjection ofWomen gave rise to philosophical and political responses beyond Western Europe on the relationship between Westernization and women's rights in developing, colonial, and post-colonial countries. Through the first comparative study of the Subjection of Women alongside the forewords to six of its earliest non-Western European editions, we explore how this book provoked local intellectuals in Russia, Chile, and India to engage its liberal utilitarian, imperial, Orientalist, and feminist ideas. By showing how Mill's Western European biases and instrumental reasoning establish problematic rhetorical models for women's rights arguments, we are able to explore the ethical dimensions of women's rights issues in the context of cultural and political imperialism. Most importantly, this reception history illustrates how cross-cultural and culturally sensitive dialogue on women's rights can push us beyond Western bias and imperialism in advocating for the end of women's subjection around the globe.

In my book J. S. Mill: Moral, Social and Political Thought I explained the absence of a standalone chapter on women's rights by explaining that for Mill no special explanation of why women should have the right to vote, work in the careers of their choice, etc., was needed; they should have these rights for the same reasons as men. The real lacuna, I admitted, was the absence of a chapter on Mill's views on marriage and the family. This chapter remedies that deficiency.

In this book, Janet Kourany offers an antidote to the pervasive and pernicious strains in Western philosophy that discount women. Most areas of Western philosophy tend not only to ignore women, but also to perpetuate long-standing antifeminine biases of the society as a whole. It does not have to be this way. Rather than be part of the problem, philosophy can be a powerful force for much needed social change. In this collection of essays by some of the most noted feminist philosophers, Kourany showcases ideas on the newest work of Western philosophy that is benefiting women as well as men. Included here are articles by Eileen O'Neill, Louise Antony, Virginia Held, Susan Okin, Carolyn Korsmeyer, Nancy Frankenberry, Lorraine Code, Janet Kourany, Andrea Nye, and Susan Bordo, all of whom show further directions in which philosophy ought to proceed. This book demonstrates that feminist philosophy is not a separate area of philosophy that can safely be ignored by philosophers not \"in\" it. Rather, it relates to at least most of the major areas of philosophy, and its gains will stand to benefit all philosophers, no matter what their field.

This chapter contains sections titled: Mill's Liberal Feminism Objection: Mill's Defense of Gendered Division of Labor Further Reading

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Producing Nature Unsettling the Social A Site Ontology of Social Natures Material Worlds, Emerging Politics, and Concluding Thoughts References

This chapter contains sections titled: The Descent of Man Sexual selection Human evolution Causes Human sociobiology Progress Darwinism Progress today? Problems Defining progress A final word

ABSTRACT This research aims to offer a rationale on the subjection of women to the medical-hospital authority during pregnancy and childbirth. The study analyzes the current obstetric system in Brazil from a qualitative approach, based on narratives of twenty-four women who tell stories about how they felt objectified at the time of childbirth. The analysis shows that this system has been constituted in a colonized and violent way. The relationship of these women with the obstetric system is ruled by every form of body objectification, obstetric violence, and non-attendance to the woman’s wishes as the protagonist of childbirth. Professional tutelage prevails to the detriment of the body’s knowledge, of sensitiveness, of what is natural. The alternative to excessive medical/hospital authority in the traditional process has been the search for humanized teams, dismantling the hegemonic procedure from the desire to live childbirth as an experience of protagonism. RESUMO O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de construir uma inteligibilidade sobre a sujeição da mulher à autoridade médico-hospitalar nos momentos de gestação e parto. O sistema obstétrico vigente no Brasil, estudado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo narrativas de 24 mulheres que contam histórias sobre como elas se sentiram despersonificadas no momento do parto, denota que este tem se constituído de modo colonizado e violento. Na relação dessas mulheres com o sistema obstétrico, impera toda forma de objetificação do corpo, de violência obstétrica e de não atendimento às vontades da mulher enquanto ser protagonista do parto. Impera a tutela profissional em detrimento da atuação do saber do corpo, do sensível, do comum. A alternativa à excessiva autoridade médica/hospitalar no processo tradicional têm sido a busca por equipes humanizadas, desarticulando o procedimento hegemônico a partir do desejo de viver o parto como uma experiência de protagonismo. RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo construir una inteligibilidad sobre el tema de la mujer a la autoridad médico-hospitalaria en los momentos del embarazo y parto. El sistema obstétrico vigente en Brasil, estudiado desde un enfoque cualitativo, involucrando narrativas de veinticuatro mujeres que cuentan historias sobre cómo se sintieron despersoficadas en el momento del parto, denota que se ha constituido de manera colonizada y violenta. En la relación de estas mujeres con el sistema obstétrico, prevalece toda forma de objetivación del cuerpo, violencia obstétrica e incumplimiento de la voluntad de la mujer siendo protagonista del parto. La tutela profesional prevalece a costa de actuar sobre el conocimiento del cuerpo, lo sensible, lo común. La alternativa a la excesiva autoridad médico/hospitalaria en el proceso tradicional ha sido la búsqueda de equipos humanizados, desmantelando el procedimiento hegemónico del deseo de vivir el parto como una experiencia de protagonismo.