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Non-representational theorists have asked difficult and provocative questions of cultural geographers about what is intended by the conduct of research. The article opens out the non-representational scene to geographers. The research reviewed is organised into three themed sections: gardens, home and work.

This article examines the road that network scholarship has followed in Public Administration. We look at the historical drivers of the use of networks in practice and scholarship in the field and discuss how that has shaped the current literature. The body of the article focuses on the current challenges that network scholars face in the discipline, specifically basic theoretical issues, knowledge about formal networks, knowledge about informal networks, and methodological issues. We close the article with a look to the future and some suggestions for the future of network scholarship in Public Administration.

This paper describes the role of rhetoric in legitimating profound institutional change. In 1997, a Big Five accounting firm purchased a law firm, triggering a juris-dictional struggle within accounting and law over a new organizational form, multidisciplinary partnerships. We analyze the discursive struggle that ensued between proponents and opponents of the new organizational form. We observe that such rhetorical strategies contain two elements. First are institutional vocabularies, or the use of identifying words and referential texts to expose contradictory institutional logics embedded in historical understandings of professionalism, one based on a trustee model and the other based on a model of expertise. A second element of rhetorical strategies is theorizations of change by which actors contest a proposed innovation against broad templates or scenarios of change. We identify five such theorizations of change (teleological, historical, cosmological, ontological, and value-based) and describe their characteristics.

This article is devoted to an anlysis of cyber security, a concept that arrived on the post-Cold War agenda in response to a mixture of technological innovations and changing geopolitical conditions. Adopting the framework of securitization theory, the article theorizes cyber security as a distinct sector with a particular constellation of threats and referent objects. It is held that \"network security\" and \"individual security\" are significant referent objects, but that their political importance arises from connections to the collective referrent objects of \"the state,\" \"society,\" \"the nation,\" and \"the economy.\" These referrent objects are articulated as threatened through three distinct forms of securitizations: hypersecuritization, everyday security practices, and technifications. The applicability of the theoretical framework is then shown through a case-study of what has been labeled the first war in cyber space against Estonian public and commercial institutions in 2007.

A Working Method Approach for Introductory Physical Chemistry Calculations is a concise inexpensive introduction to first year chemistry that is aimed at students who are weak in chemistry or have no chemistry on entry to university. Such students usually find physical chemistry the most difficult part of the chemistry course, and within this section numerical problem solving is an additional difficulty. The text should also be invaluable to first year intending chemists. This text provides an introduction to physical chemistry and the gas laws, followed by chapters on thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, electrochemistry and chemical kinetics. Each section involves a brief introduction followed by a representative examination question, which is broken down into a proposed working method. Both short multiple-choice questions and related full examination-type questions are included. This book will prove invaluable to students who need encouragement in a logical approach to problem solving in physical chemistry, teaching them to think for themselves when faced with a problem.

Despite some promising Steps in the right direction, organizational analysis has yet to exploit fully the theoretical and empirical possibilities inherent in the writings of Pierre Bourdieu. While certain concepts associated with his thought, such as field and capital, are already widely known in the organizational literature, the specific ways in which these terms are being used provide ample evidence that the full significance of his relational mode of thought has yet to be sufficiently apprehended. Moreover, the almost complete inattention to habitus, the third of Bourdieu's major concepts, without which the concepts of field and capital (at least as he deployed them) make no sense, further attests to the misappropriation of his ideas and to the lack of appreciation of their potential usefulness. It is our aim in this paper, by contrast, to set forth a more informed and comprehensive account of what a relational - and, in particular, a Bourdieu-inspired-agenda for organizational research might look like. Accordingly, we examine the implications of his theoretical framework for interorganizational relations, as well as for organizations themselves analyzed as fields. The primary advantage of such an approach, we argue, is the central place accorded therein to the social conditions under which inter-and intraorganizational power relations are produced, reproduced, and contested.

The third sector is poised to play a leading role in public sector innovations in the twenty-first century. The third sector can enhance, facilitate, and promote greater citizen participation in the determination, provision, and governance of social services through co-production. This article explores some crucial conceptual issues related to the co-production of public services and the role of the third sector. It also provides some brief empirical evidence of the potential of the third sector, not merely as a service provider, but also as a facilitator of the re-democratization of the European welfare state. Here, collective action and third sector provision are crucial for distinguishing between co-production heavy and light. The conclusion focuses on the ability of the public, third, and for-profit sectors to embrace greater citizen participation and co-production. Le troisième secteur est prête à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans le secteur public innovations au XXIe siècle. Le troisième secteur peut améliorer, faciliter et promouvoir une plus grande participation des citoyens à la détermination, la disposition et la gouvernance des services sociaux par le biais de coproduction. Cet article explore certaines questions cruciales conceptuelles liées à la co-production de services publics et le rôle du tiers secteur. Il prévoit également certaines preuves empiriques bref du potentiel du tiers secteur, non pas simplement comme un fournisseur de services, mais aussi comme un facilitateur de la redémocratisation de l'État-providence européen. Ici une action collective et le troisième secteur en termes sont cruciales pour distinguer entre la lumière et lourds de coproduction. La conclusion met l'accent sur la capacité du public, secteurs à but lucratif et de la troisième à embrasser une plus grande participation des citoyens et coproduction. Der dritte Sektor ist bereit, um im öffentlichen Sektor Innovationen im 21. Jahrhundert eine führende Rolle. Der dritte Sektor kann verbessern, erleichtern und fördern größere Beteiligung der Bürger an der Festlegung, Bereitstellung und Staatsführung sozialer Dienstleistungen durch Koproduktion. Dieser Artikel untersucht einige wichtigen konzeptionellen Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Koproduktion von öffentlichen Dienstleistungen und die Rolle des dritten Sektors. Es bietet auch einige kurze empirische Beweise für das Potenzial des dritten Sektors, nicht nur als Dienstleister, sondern auch als Vermittler von der Wiederherstellung des Europäischen Sozialstaates. Kollektives Handeln und dritten Sektor Bestimmung sind hier entscheidend für die Unterscheidung zwischen Koproduktion schwer und Licht. Der Abschluss konzentriert sich auf die Fähigkeit der Öffentlichkeit, dritte und gewinnorientierten Sektoren, mehr Bürgerbeteiligung und Koproduktion zu umarmen. El tercer sector está preparado para desempeñar un papel líder en el sector público las innovaciones en el siglo XXI. El tercer sector puede mejorar, facilitar y promover una mayor participación ciudadana en la determinación, provisión y gestión de servicios sociales a través de la coproducción. Este artículo explora algunas cuestiones conceptuales cruciales relacionadas con la coproducción de los servicios públicos y el papel del tercer sector. También proporciona algunas breve evidencia empírica del potencial del tercer sector, no sólo como un proveedor de servicios, sino también como un facilitador de la redemocratización del estado de bienestar europeo. Aquí la acción colectiva y la disposición tercera del sector son cruciales para distinguir entre la luz y pesados de coproducción. La conclusión se centra en la capacidad del público, los sectores terceros y con ánimo de lucro para abarcar una mayor participación ciudadana y la coproducción.

Objectives. To assess the influences of prenatal alcoholization on the formation of various structural components of the brain in human embryos. Materials and methods. The study examined 26 specimens of embryonic material at 8–11 weeks of intrauterine development. Specimens were divided into four subgroups depending on developmental period (Control 1 at 8–9 weeks of development and Control 2 at 10–11 weeks of development) and maternal medical history (presence or absence of a diagnosis of “alcoholism stages I–II” in the medical history). Morphometry was run on Nissl-stained semithin sections. Diameters and areas of each individual tissue element (neuroblasts, glioblasts, vessels of the micricirculatory bed (MCB)) were determined, along with specific areas (the ratio of the total area of the structure under study to the area of the entire section); mean numbers of these structures per unit area of sections were also calculated. Morphometric analysis was run in AxioVision 4.8 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and statistical analysis of differences between study cohorts used the Mann–Whitney test (differences taken as significant at p < 0.05). Results: As compared with the intact groups, the alcohol groups showed insufficient increases in the area of MCB vessels, combined with compensatory increases in the numbers of vessels per unit area on sections (48.5 and 83.3 μm2, respectively, p < 0.05). Comparison of glioblast sizes in the control and alcohol subgroups at different stages of development (average area 21.3 and 32.1 μm2; 12.9 and 13.3 μm2, respectively) revealed a delay in the increase in size of cellular structures in alcoholized groups at the initial stages, while comparison of data at later periods revealed no significant difference, though there was an increase in the specific number of cells in subgroup A2 (p < 0.05). Neuroblasts also showed a decrease in cell size with increasing development time in both the control and the alcohol subgroups. However, cell size in group A2 was greater than that in group C2, while the number of these cells was smaller (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Alcohol led to changes in the sizes and numbers of neuroblasts, glioblasts, and MCB vessels and, as a consequence, to disproportionality in the development of all brain tissue. Changes progressed with increasing development time.

This paper argues that the foreign direct investment (FDI) data commonly used to test political science theories about FDI often diverge from the theorized about phenomena in ways that can introduce bias and complicate hypothesis testing. I describe some of the key conceptual issues surrounding the quantification of FDI, how commonly used data deals with these issues, and the extent to which those coding rules allow or prevent these data from speaking to political science theories. I show that the empirical relationship between democracy, political risk, and multinational corporations behavior is significantly impacted by \"getting the measure right.\" I conclude by arguing that political science theories about FDI speak to such a wide variety of empirically and conceptually distinct phenomena that conflating them as \"FDI\" does a disservice to the complexity of the topic.