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The 3-D global spatial data model : principles and applications
Traditional methods for handling spatial data are encumbered by the assumption of separate origins for horizontal and vertical measurements, but modern measurement systems operate in a 3-D spatial environment. The 3-D Global Spatial Data Model: Principles and Applications, Second Edition maintains a new model for handling digital spatial data, the global spatial data model or GSDM. The GSDM preserves the integrity of three-dimensional spatial data while also providing additional benefits such as simpler equations, worldwide standardization, and the ability to track spatial data accuracy with greater specificity and convenience. This second edition expands to new topics that satisfy a growing need in the GIS, professional surveyor, machine control, and Big Data communities while continuing to embrace the earth center fixed coordinate system as the fundamental point of origin of one, two, and three-dimensional data sets. Ideal for both beginner and advanced levels, this book also provides guidance and insight on how to link to the data collected and stored in legacy systems. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Isosurfaces
This work represents the first book to focus on basic algorithms for isosurface construction. It also gives a rigorous mathematical perspective on some of the algorithms and results. In color throughout, the book covers the Marching Cubes algorithm and variants, dual contouring algorithms, multilinear interpolation, multiresolution isosurface extraction, isosurfaces in four dimensions, interval volumes, and contour trees. It also describes data structures for faster isosurface extraction as well as methods for selecting significant isovalues.
eBook
Model-Based Visual Tracking
This book has two main goals: to provide a unifed and structured overview of this growing field, as well as to propose a corresponding software framework, the OpenTL library, developed by the author and his working group at TUM-Informatik. The main objective of this work is to show, how most real-world application scenarios can be naturally cast into a common description vocabulary, and therefore implemented and tested in a fully modular and scalable way, through the defnition of a layered, object-oriented software architecture.The resulting architecture covers in a seamless way all processing levels, from raw data acquisition up to model-based object detection and sequential localization, and defines, at the application level, what we call the tracking pipeline. Within this framework, extensive use of graphics hardware (GPU computing) as well as distributed processing, allows real-time performances for complex models and sensory systems.
eBook
Isosurfaces : geometry, topology, and algorithms
\"Ever since Lorensen and Cline published their paper on the marching cubes algorithm, isosurfaces have been a standard technique for the visualization of 3D volumetric data. Yet there is no book exclusively devoted to isosurfaces. This book presents the basic algorithms for isosurface construction and gives a rigorous mathematical perspective to some of the algorithms and results. It offers a solid introduction to research in this area as well as an organized overview of the various algorithms associated with isosurfaces\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mathematical structures for computer graphics
A comprehensive exploration of the mathematics behind the modeling and rendering of computer graphics scenes Mathematical Structures for Computer Graphics presents an accessible and intuitive approach to the mathematical ideas and techniques necessary for two- and three-dimensional computer graphics.
eBook
3D thinking in design and architecture : from antiquity to the future
The geometric foundations, forms, and patterns in today?s architecture, design and, decorative arts can trace their origins in past cultures. From humankind?s first path-like doodles on cave walls through to the higher abstractions developed to make accurate measurements and predictions, the three-dimensional forms we design and build have always been dependent on available materials, human needs, and the limits of our imaginations.00'3D Thinking in Design and Architecture' tells the story of the intimate relationship between geometry, mathematics and man-made design throughout human history, from the Neolithic period through the Indian, Egyptian, Babylonian, Chinese, Greek, Celtic, Islamic and Renaissance cultures, to the present and the possible future. Presenting key principles that can be applied across all design disciplines, design expert Roger Burrows relates how geometry as a visual language has evolved to meet our needs, initiated new technologies, and changed the way we think about the world around us. With a wealth of original artwork by the author to explain his ideas, this book will be an essential reference and source of inspiration for students and design professionals.
Book
Geometric and Topological Mesh Feature Extraction for 3D Shape Analysis
Three-dimensional surface meshes are the most common discrete representation of the exterior of a virtual shape. Extracting relevant geometric or topological features from them can simplify the way objects are looked at, help with their recognition, and facilitate description and categorization according to specific criteria. This book adopts the point of view of discrete mathematics, the aim of which is to propose discrete counterparts to concepts mathematically defined in continuous terms. It explains how standard geometric and topological notions of surfaces can be calculated and computed on a 3D surface mesh, as well as their use for shape analysis. Several applications are also detailed, demonstrating that each of them requires specific adjustments to fit with generic approaches. The book is intended not only for students, researchers and engineers in computer science and shape analysis, but also numerical geologists, anthropologists, biologists and other scientists looking for practical solutions to their shape analysis, understanding or recognition problems.
eBook
2D-to-3D: A Review for Computational 3D Image Reconstruction from X-ray Images
In the clinical research, three-dimensional/volumetric anatomical structure of the human body is very significant for diagnosis, computer-aided surgery, surgical planning, patient follow-up, and biomechanical applications. Medical imaging procedures including MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT (Computed Tomography), and CBCT (Cone-beam computed tomography) have certain drawbacks such as radiation exposure, availability, and cost. As a result, 3D reconstruction from 2D X-ray images is an alternative way of achieving 3D models with significantly low radiation exposure to the patient. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive view of 3D image reconstruction methods using X-ray images, and their applicability in the various anatomical sections of the human body. This study provides a critical analysis of the computational methods, requirements and steps for 3D reconstruction. This work includes a comparative critical analysis of the state-of-the-art approaches including the feature selection along with their benefits and drawbacks. This review motivates the researchers to work for 3D reconstruction using X-ray images as only a limited work is available in the area. It may provide a solution for many experts who are looking for techniques to reconstruct 3D models from X-ray images for clinical purposes.
Journal Article
Designer nanoscale DNA assemblies programmed from the top down
Many intricate nanostructures have been made with DNA origami. This process occurs when a long DNA scaffold develops a particular shape after hybridization with short staple strands. Most designs, however, require a difficult iterative procedure of refining the base pairing. Veneziano et al. now report algorithms that automate the design of arbitrary DNA wireframe structures. Synthesizing and structurally characterizing a variety of nanostructures allowed for verification of the algorithms' accuracy. Science , this issue p. 1534 A top-down algorithm can program the design of arbitrary three-dimensional DNA structures. Scaffolded DNA origami is a versatile means of synthesizing complex molecular architectures. However, the approach is limited by the need to forward-design specific Watson-Crick base pairing manually for any given target structure. Here, we report a general, top-down strategy to design nearly arbitrary DNA architectures autonomously based only on target shape. Objects are represented as closed surfaces rendered as polyhedral networks of parallel DNA duplexes, which enables complete DNA scaffold routing with a spanning tree algorithm. The asymmetric polymerase chain reaction is applied to produce stable, monodisperse assemblies with custom scaffold length and sequence that are verified structurally in three dimensions to be high fidelity by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Their long-term stability in serum and low-salt buffer confirms their utility for biological as well as nonbiological applications.
Journal Article