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What do you find in a tide pool?
\"Tide pools form from water left on rocky shores when the tide withdraws. From seaweed and sea snails to shore crabs and seabirds, readers will discover some of the plants and animals that live in and around these ever-changing ecosystems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Rocky Intertidal Desert at the Head of a Large Macrotidal Estuary in Quebec, Canada
This article documents the widespread absence of sessile species in bedrock intertidal habitats at the head of the St. Lawrence Estuary, a large macrotidal estuary located in eastern Canada. Extensive observations revealed that no seaweeds or sessile invertebrates occurred anywhere (including cracks and crevices) on substrate areas that become exposed to the air during low tides. Only one sessile species, a green filamentous alga, was found submerged in tidepools. The lack of truly marine sessile species is likely explained by the very low water salinity of this coast, while the absence of sessile freshwater species on intertidal substrates outside of tidepools likely responds to a combination of oligohaline conditions during high tides and daily exposures to the air during low tides, which freshwater species are typically not adapted to. Influences of winter ice scour and coastal suspended sediments are likely secondary. Experimental research could unravel the interactive effects of these abiotic stressors. Overall, this “intertidal desert” could be a useful model system to further explore the boundaries of life on our planet.
Journal Article
Tide pool secrets
\"At first glance, there's nothing much to see... but tide pools are full of secrets. What creatures can be found nestling among the rocks and hiding in the seaweed? Dive into these mysterious seashore habitats and learn how to spot the creatures concealed within. With big, easy-to-lift flaps and a glossary of the tide pool's inhabitants\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Diversity of Gracilariaceae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Across Distinct Ecosystems in Zhanjiang, China: A Foundation for Screening Potential Cultivable Species in Southern China
This study was conducted to assess the diversity of Gracilariaceae species across various coastal ecosystems in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China, and identify species suitable for large‐scale cultivation in the southern coastal waters of China. The diversity and seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of Gracilariaceae species in different ecosystems were systematically analyzed, and taxonomic studies were performed on species with disputed taxonomic identities using morphological and multi‐gene marker techniques to clarify their classification status. Species richness was higher, but individual species coverage was lower in open ecosystems (e.g., tidal pools) compared to enclosed ecosystems (e.g., mangroves, seagrass beds, saltwater ponds), and both factors showed significant seasonal variation. Conversely, enclosed ecosystems had lower species richness, higher species coverage, and minimal seasonal variation. The presence of Gracilaria fisheri in China was recorded for the first time, and the taxonomic status of G. hainanensis was systematically evaluated. Based on taxonomic evaluations and a review of the literature, G. changii and G. firma were proposed to be synonymous. In total, eight Gracilariaceae species were identified during the survey. Among them, Gracilariopsis heteroclada, G. fisheri, G. edulis, and G. hainanensis were identified as potential candidates for large‐scale cultivation in the southern coastal waters of China. This study advanced the understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of Gracilariaceae species in the Zhanjiang region and provided a scientific foundation for the conservation and industrial development of Gracilariaceae resources. This study assessed the diversity and distribution of Gracilariaceae species across various coastal ecosystems in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China, identifying species suitable for large‐scale cultivation in southern China's coastal waters. Eight species were identified, with Gracilariopsis heteroclada, Gracilaria fisheri, G. edulis, and G. hainanensis proposed as potential candidates for cultivation. The research also provided new insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and conservation of Gracilariaceae species in the region.
Journal Article
An extreme marine environment: a 14-month record of temperature in a polar tidepool
Tidepools are not uncommon in Antarctica, but there appear to be no data on the physical environment within polar tidepools and only anecdotal information on their biology. Here we report a high resolution record of temperature in an Antarctic tidepool made over two summers and the intervening winter. During the summer open water season the highest daily mean, and also the maximum temperatures, were recorded during the period of continuous daylight around the summer solstice. This short-term variability of temperature in the tidepool greatly exceeded that in the nearby open ocean, indicating the need for a eurythermal physiology in tidepool biota. In winter the tidepool froze over, the unfrozen water cooled to − 5.5 °C, and freeze concentration increased its salinity to roughly three times normal seawater. A polar tidepool isolated from the sea in winter is probably inimical to many larger marine organisms, which must populate the tidepool afresh each summer.
Journal Article
Herbivore and predator pressure in tidepools along an intertidal gradient: no consumption refuge for invasive species!
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can invade marine ecosystems worldwide not only because of higher growth rates and reproductive potential but also due to their ability to escape from native consumers either by defensive traits or by the colonization of spatial refuges. Spatial consumption refuges can be present in tidepools, especially in those from the high shore, with harsh environmental conditions. In order to test this hypothesis, we quantified consumer pressure on NIS in tidepools with different tidal elevations. We deployed tethering assays within 73 tidepools at 30° S (Chile) in 2021 using the following four bait types: two NIS (the green seaweed Codium fragile and the tunicate Ciona robusta) and two reference baits (blades of the kelp Lessonia and dried squid). The two reference baits as well as the two NIS were consumed across all tidepools. Thus, there was no tidal gradient in NIS consumption: higher tidepools did not offer a spatial refuge as native consumers can reach them and consume NIS. Possibly, on wave-exposed coasts, high shore tidepools are frequently splashed, mitigating harsh conditions, and, therefore, reducing the potential for spatial refuges from consumption. While both NIS were eaten by native consumers in tidepools, they are nevertheless successful invaders. Therefore, our results suggest that NIS can compensate for consumer losses in tidepools, which allows them to colonize tidepool systems even if these do not offer spatial refuges from consumption. Tidepools might represent a first invasion window for NIS to enter natural communities, potentially causing important effects on biodiversity of rocky intertidal habitats.
Journal Article
Biogeochemical plumbing of pioneer mangrove intertidal flats in French Guiana
Migrating mudbanks are characteristic features of the vast Amazon-Guianas coastline along Northeastern South America. As illustrated by sites in French Guiana, consolidating mudflats that periodically transition to mangrove forest are permeated by extensive crustacean burrow systems, sometimes in isolation but more often in close association with morpho-sedimentary structures such as tidal pools and channels. Burrow structures are critical to mangrove growth. In this study, we evaluated the ways in which burrows act as complex conduits that plumb deposits for solute exchange with overlying water. We sampled burrows during low tide when irrigation is inhibited and burrow water rapidly becomes anoxic. The products of diagenetic reactions, for example: NH4+, N2, and Si(OH)4, build up with time, revealing sedimentary reaction rates and fluxes. When oxygenated, burrow walls are zones of intense coupled redox reactions such as nitrification-denitrification. Build-up often is lower in burrows connected directly to tidal pools where photosynthetic activity consumes remineralized nutrients, and burrows can remain periodically irrigated at low tide. During flood, burrows, particularly those that connect tidal pools laterally to channels, can be rapidly flushed and oxygenated as channel water rises and then spreads across flats. Burrow flushing produces enhanced concentrations of nutrients within the leading edge of the flood as seawater moves progressively towards and into adjacent mangroves. Estimates of burrow volumes obtained from drone surveys together with burrow solute production rates allow upscaling of burrow-sourced metabolite fluxes; however, these are extremely variable due to variable burrow geometries, connections between burrows, pools, and channels, and burrow water residence times (oxygenation). The flushing of burrows during flood results in a rectification of sediment-water fluxes shoreward and enhances the delivery of nutrients from the flats into adjacent mangroves and pools, presumably stimulating colonization and forest growth.
Journal Article
Phlorotannin and Pigment Content of Native Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae Species Living in Intertidal Rockpools in Brittany (France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology?
Five native Sargassaceae species from Brittany (France) living in rockpools were surveyed over time to investigate photoprotective strategies according to their tidal position. We gave evidences for the existence of a species distribution between pools along the shore, with the most dense and smallest individuals in the highest pools. Pigment contents were higher in lower pools, suggesting a photo-adaptive process by which the decreasing light irradiance toward the low shore was compensated by a high production of pigments to ensure efficient photosynthesis. Conversely, no xanthophyll cycle-related photoprotective mechanism was highlighted because high levels of zeaxanthin rarely occurred in the upper shore. Phlorotannins were not involved in photoprotection either; only some lower-shore species exhibited a seasonal trend in phlorotannin levels. The structural complexity of phlorotannins appears more to be a taxonomic than an ecological feature: Ericaria produced simple phloroglucinol while Cystoseira and Gongolaria species exhibited polymers. Consequently, tide pools could be considered as light-protected areas on the intertidal zone, in comparison with the exposed emerged substrata where photoprotective mechanisms are essential.
Journal Article
Depth-related plasticity in the diet composition of Pseudechinus magellanicus (Echinoidea, Temnopleuridae) in nearshore environments off central Patagonia, Argentina
Pseudechinus magellanicus is one of the most abundant sea urchins in southern South America, but many aspects of its feeding ecology in nearshore environments remain unknown. Here, we aimed to analyze the variability of the diet composition along a coastal depth gradient from intertidal tidepools to upper circalittoral zones and examine the relation between seaweed availability and the diet composition at intertidal tidepools. A total of 118 food items, including seaweeds and animal components, were identified. The diet composition showed a large variation between the different coastal habitats present along the depth gradient studied. In tidepools, articulate coralline seaweeds (Corallina spp.), mussel shell fragments and small crustaceans were frequent in the gut contents, suggesting that this species behaves like a general omnivore but can also act as a mussel bioeroder when consuming epizoic algae and microeuendolithic organisms. In intertidal tidepools, the species showed a negative preference toward typical species of late successional stages such as Dictyota dichotoma, Adenocystis utricularis, Codium fragile and Chondria macrocarpa. Sea urchins from kelp forests showed higher dietary diversity than those from intertidal and deeper subtidal habitats, but with prevalence of kelps. At upper circalittoral soft bottoms, diverse detrital items as benthic diatoms, cyanobacteria and drifted algae were observed in gut contents, usually associated with fine sediments, indicating that P. magellanicus captures drifted algae and behaves like a biofilm feeder. This trophic plasticity may allow this species to occupy contrasting habitats and may also contribute to explain its wide distribution in southern South America.
Journal Article
Testing latitudinal patterns of tidepool fish assemblages: local substrate characteristics affect regional-scale trends
We tested the regional-scale latitudinal patterns of occurrence and community structure of rocky tidepool fishes in relation to local environmental factors, particularly substrate characteristics. Data were derived from intensive field observations conducted on 36 shore sites spread across ca. 1,000 km north–south (24°03′N–32°45′N) in the south-western Japan. While numbers of families, genera, species and individuals per unit area decreased with latitude, these were dependent on substrate types: sites with non-limestone rock substrates tended to harbour larger numbers than limestone sites at the same latitude. Relative abundances of two dominant families (Blenniidae and Gobiidae) varied among sites with weak latitudinal gradients. Species-specific trends of latitudinal distribution were observed in most of the common intertidal fishes, with over half of the species demonstrating substrate-dependent variation. Species composition was clearly different between the Kyushu Island and the Ryukyus and also between limestone and non-limestone sites. Thus, our results clearly demonstrated that the regional-scale latitudinal trends of tidepool fish assemblages were partially dependent on local environmental characteristics (substrate types). Consideration was given to the influences of the Kuroshio Current and other factors including species interactions that might have helped modify observed latitudinal patterns.
Journal Article