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\"Meet real-life tigers and learn about their habitats, challenges, and successes, plus learn how you can take action and save these amazing endangered creatures.\"--Amazon.com.

In a world where biodiversity is on the decline, examples of conservation success especially of large carnivores are of interest to policy makers and conservation practitioners. Herein, we elucidate the conservation actions that have been responsible for the recovery of tigers and their ecosystems in India; a feat many range countries are struggling to achieve. Demand‐driven poaching resulted in extinctions at two prestigious Tiger Reserves. India's Prime Minister constituted a Tiger Task Force that led to the formation of the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, scientific monitoring of tiger populations and incentivized voluntary relocation of human settlements from tiger reserves. Tiger Conservation Plans, cognizant of constraints imposed by small reserves embedded in human land uses, aimed to create source populations within tiger reserves with corridor links between sources and to sink habitats. Metapopulation management enhanced occupancy and long‐term viability of tiger populations. Tiger Protection Force and technology like MSTrIPES, E‐eye and drones effectively reduced poaching. Community support was attempted through profit sharing, mitigating human–tiger conflict with a fast, fair and transparent compensation process and removal of problem tigers. Reintroduction and reinforcement of tigers and prey assisted natural recovery. Political will ensured resources. Tigers were monitored using Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture with camera traps and ecological covariates. In 2018–2019 from 381,000 km2 of tiger habitat, 89,000 km2 was occupied. Currently, 50 tiger reserves cover 72,750 km2 and harbour 65% of India's ~3,000 tigers. Tiger reserves are managed with an annual investment of ~1,000 USD/km2 with one staff per 6.5 km2. Tiger reserves were regularly evaluated for Management Effectiveness. Tiger reserves were valued to have benefit flows between 76,900 and 292,300 US $ km−2year−1. In the Anthropocene it is unlikely that tigers will survive without targeted conservation investments. Political commitment and resources can become available for conservation when people and tigers benefit simultaneously. Conscious balance by governments between development for rapid economic prosperity and long‐term ecological security will ensure that wild tigers and their intact ecosystems will survive for future generations. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. सार एक ऐसी दुनिया में जहाँ जैव विविधता घट रही हैं, विशेष रूप से बड़े मांसाहारी जानवरों के संरक्षण की सफलता के उदाहरण नीति निर्माता और संरक्षण कर्ताओं के लिए रूचि रखते है| इस लेख में, हम उन संरक्षण कार्यों को स्पष्ट कर रहे हैं जो भारत में बाघों और उनकी परिस्थिति तंत्र की बहाली के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं| यह एक ऐसी उपलब्धी है जो बाघों के इलाके वाले देश हांसिल करने के लिए संघर्ष कर रहे हैं| हाल ही में वैश्विक मांग से प्रेरित अवैध शिकार के कारण दो बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों से बाघ विलुप्तह हो गए, इस कारण भारत के प्रधान मंत्री ने एक बाघ कार्यकारणी बल का घट्न किया| इस कार्यकारणी बल ने राष्ट्र बाघ संरक्षण प्राधिकरण, वन्य जीव अपराध नियंत्रण ब्यूरो, बाघों की आबादी की वैज्ञानिक निगरानी और बाघों के संरक्षण क्षेत्रों से मानव बस्तियों के स्वेच्छिक पुनर्वास को प्रोत्साहित करने का कार्य किया| बाघ संरक्षण योजना इसको ध्यान में रख कर बनाई गयी, के बाघ की ज़्यादातर जनसंख्या छोटे क्षेत्रों में बिखरी हुई है| जिसके लिए जन संख्या क्षेत्रों को गलियारों से जोड़ना जरूरी है| मेटापापुलेशन प्रबंधन को अपनाने से बाघों के आबादी को संरक्षण क्षेत्रों में अधिक समय तक जीवित रहने लायक बनाया| बाघ संरक्षण बल और तकनीकी का उपयोग, जैसे, एम् स्ट्राइप्स, इ‐ऑय, और ड्रोन्स ने प्रभावी रूप से अवैध शिकार को काम करने में मदद की| लोगों से सामुदायिक समर्थन का प्रयास इस प्रकार किया गया, जैसे लोगों को संरक्षण से होने वाले लाभ में हिस्से दारी हो, मुआवजा निष्पक्ष और पारदर्शी हो, मानव बाघ संघर्ष को काम करने के उपाय कारगर हो| बाघों और चौपायों के पुनर्स्थापन और बचाव से प्राकृतिक बहाली हुई| राजनीतिक सुनिश्चिता ने संसाधन मुहैय्या कराने में मदद की| बाघों की जनसंख्या कैमेरा ट्राप द्वारा स्पेश्यली‐ एक्सप्लीसिट‐ कैप्चर‐रीकैप्चर पद्धती से एवं पारस्थितिक सहसमानयोजकों का इस्तमाल कर की गयी| २०१८‐१९ में ३८१,००० वर्ग की|मी| वन क्षेत्र में कार्य किया गया, जिसमें ५० बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों का ७२,२१८ वर्ग की.मी. भी शामिल है| इन बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों में देश के ३,००० बाघों में से ६५% इन क्षेत्रों में पाए जाते है| बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों के प्रभंधन में १००० यू यस $ / की.मी. का व्यय प्रति वर्ष होता है एवं प्रति ६0.५ वर्ग की.मी. में एक सरकारी कर्मचारी इन क्षेत्रों की देखभाल करता है| बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों का नियमित रूप से प्रभंधन मूल्यांकन उनकी प्रभावशीलता मापने के लिए किया जाता है| बाघ संरक्षण क्षेत्रों से लगभग ७६,९०० से २९२,३०० यू यस $ प्रति वर्ग की.मी. का फायदा समाज को होता है| आज के मानव आधारित युग में यह संभावना नहीं है की लक्षित संरक्षण निवेश के बिना बाघ जीवित रहेंगे| राजनीतीक प्रतिभद्धता और सनसाधन संरक्षण तभी उपलब्ध हो सकते है जब लोग और बाघ एक साथ लाभवंतित हो| आर्थिक समृद्धि और दीर्घकालिक परिस्थितिक सुरक्षा के विकास के लिए, सरकारों द्वारा संतुलन सुनिश्चित करेगा की जंगली बाघ और उनके परिस्थितिक तंत्र भविष्य की पीढ़ी के लिए जीवित रहेंगे| A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

\"Discusses tigers, why they are endangered, and how they are being helped\"-- Provided by publisher.

Aim: The study explores the spatial and temporal patterns of human-tiger conflicts in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve (NTR), in Southern India, during 2019 to 2023, following on the livestock predation as a key factor driving these conflicts and understand its patterns and identify factors contributing to its occurrence. Methodology: Livestock predation facts were evaluated, and household surveys were carried out. Geographic Information System (GIS) maps were utilized to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of human-tiger conflict. The socio-economic factors impacting conflict were also studied. Results: Cows were predominantly targeted (74.52%), followed by oxen (11.54%), buffaloes and calves (4.81%), and goats (4.33%). Territories with increased conflict occurrence were demarcated and a seasonal trend was noted with reduced incidents during monsoon period. Interpretation: The findings emphasize the need for meticulous interventions in identified territories of increased conflict incidences, concentrating on livestock protection in secured sheds, local participation via creating awareness and habitat management by rehabilitation to promote harmonious living between humans and tigers. Key words: Human-tiger conflict, Livestock predation, Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, Tiger conservation

From snow leopards to tigers, almost all of the worlds big cat species are in danger of dying out. These fierce predators live all over the world in many different habitats and play an important role in their local ecosystems. Readers will discover how human activities are harming the cats and what can be done to save them. They will also learn about big cats species that have already gone extinct and how big cats live in the wild.

Human–tiger conflict arises when tigers Panthera tigris attack people or their livestock, and poses a significant threat to both tigers and people. To gain a greater understanding of such conflict we examined spatio-temporal patterns, correlates, causes and contexts of conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and its buffer zone, during 2007–2014. Data, mostly from compensation applications, were collected from the Park office. Fifty-four human casualties (32 fatalities, 22 injuries) and 351 incidents of livestock depredation were recorded, clustered in defined areas, with 75.9% of human casualties occurring in the buffer zone and 66.7% within 1 km of the Park boundary. A linear model indicated there was a significant increase in human casualties during 2007–2014. Livestock were killed in proportion to their relative availability, with goats suffering the highest depredation (55%). There was a positive correlation between livestock depredation and National Park frontage (the length of Village Development Committee/municipality boundary abutting the National Park), but not human population, livestock population, forest area in the buffer zone, rainfall or temperature. There was no relationship between tiger attacks on people and any of the correlates examined. Wild prey density was not correlated with conflict. Of the tigers removed because of conflict, 73.3% were male. The majority of attacks on people occurred during accidental meetings (77.8%), mostly while people were collecting fodder or fuelwood (53.7%), and almost half (48.2%) occurred in the buffer zone forests. We recommend the use of the conflict map developed here in the prioritization of preventive measures, and that strategies to reduce conflict should include zoning enforcement, improvement of livestock husbandry, participatory tiger monitoring, an insurance scheme, and community awareness.

\"Introduces readers to Bengal tigers, including physical characteristics, behavior, habitat, diet, and life cycle\"-- Provided by publisher.

Background and Research Aims The conservation of Bengal tigers is a global concern due to their exponential decline in population around the world. In 2010, all Tiger Range Countries (TRCs) committed to double their tiger population by 2022. As a member of the TRCs, Bangladesh has launched and conducted many tiger conservation projects with a heavy financial investment. However, the tiger population has not increased in the country. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate why those funded projects’ outcomes were unsatisfactory compared to neighboring countries such as India and Nepal. Methods This review was conducted purely based on previous archival tiger conservation related documents. Six specific tiger conservation projects implemented in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal were selected to investigate the effectiveness of tiger conservation in Bangladesh. Allocated fund distributions were segmented into five groups: capacity building, planning policy and reports, infrastructural development, tiger–human conflict (THC) reduction, and in-field actions to increase the tiger population. Results The analysis showed that India and Nepal spent most of their budget on in-field activities and least on planning. A moderate amount was spent on THC reduction, capacity building, and infrastructural development. In contrast, Bangladesh spent the majority of its fund on planning. India and Nepal also developed a sustainable funding mechanism to reduce their dependency on donor agencies, which was absent in the case of Bangladesh. Conclusion It is recommended that future tiger conservation initiatives in Bangladesh should address more in-field action, such as patrolling to stop poaching and the illegal extraction of resources, sustainable long-term alternative income generation activities, and health issues such as identifying diseases, inbreeding effects, and captive breeding. Implications for Conservation Bangladesh needs to develop a sustainable long-term funding mechanism for in-field actions for tiger protection.

In the last decade the tiger Panthera tigris population in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayas has increased, while populations in other countries have remained below their conservation targets. Although there has been some research on tiger conservation in the Terai Arc Landscape and the Himalayas, scientists and managers have not catalogued and characterized tiger research in the region, with empirical findings scattered among disparate document types, journals and countries. Without a review of the tiger research in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayan region, it is difficult to analyse or change conservation policies, develop adaptation strategies, prioritize research, allocate resources or develop conservation strategies potentially employable elsewhere. We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review to identify focal research areas, the spatial and temporal distribution of study sites, general publication trends, the extent of empirical studies, and gaps in tiger conservation research in this region (which spans Bhutan, India and Nepal). Since 2000, 216 studies have been published on issues associated with tiger conservation in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayas, with an increasing number over time. Most empirical studies have focused on tiger habitat, ecology and conflicts in protected areas in the region's foothills. There are research gaps in high-altitude landscapes, social science investigations, conservation economics, and policy and institutional analyses.