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Stosunek marszałka wielkiego koronnego Franciszka Bielińskiego do dziesięcin. Przyczynek do dziejów sporu o dziesięciny na Mazowszu w latach pięćdziesiątych XVIII w
The present article describes Franciszek Bieliński’s attitude towards tithes. He was the Grand Marshal of the Polish Crown and initiated a conflict about tithes between the Masovian nobility and the Catholic clergy, that began in the early 1750’s. In the article I analyse the manifesto that was published under Bieliński’s auspices, along with his correspondence with other dignitaries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as their speeches during the Sejm of 1752 in Grodno. It was no secret that Bieliński initiated this conflict mainly for personal reasons. However, his activity perpetuated the evolution of the practice that courts for nobility were competent to examine cases concerning tithes.
Journal Article
God's Delivery State: Taxes, Tithes, and a Rightful Return in Urban Ghana
Abstract Middle-class Christians in Ghana's capital Accra voice ambivalence about paying taxes: some claim that the government wastes their hard-earned money, while others consider taxes a Christian duty enshrined in the scripture. By contrast, most Christians in Accra esteem tithes to churches as contributions that yield infrastructural ‘development’ and divine favor. Drawing on the explicit comparisons that Ghanaian Christians make between the benefits of paying taxes vis-à-vis paying tithes, this article argues that taxes exist as part of a wider conceptual universe of monetary transfers. The efficacy of such transfers is evaluated in relation to what I call a ‘rightful return’. The unveiling of tithes as the counterpoint to taxes ultimately elicits an emergent Ghanaian conception of the public good between the state and God's Kingdom.
Journal Article
Tax Residence in Brazil
Unlocking the complexities of individual tax residence is crucial for navigating both domestic and international income taxation.However, Brazil's current tax residence rules have fallen behind the pace of technological advancements and cultural shifts over the past century, leading to significant uncertainties.
eBook
Ancient South Arabian Legal Texts with Semitic Parallels and Their Anthropological Background
This review article deals with legal texts prominently inscribed on a city gate of Timnaʿ, the capital of the Ancient South Arabian state of Qataban. Following a sketch of the history of the region and its languages, the reviewer considers the legal texts published in the reviewed volume dealing with homicide, the attribution of tithes, infanticide, and other matters. It is pointed out that their interpretation by the author would have benefited from comparisons with Yemeni anthropological data that have not changed since pre-Islamic times.
Journal Article
Stosunek marszałka wielkiego koronnego Franciszka Bielińskiego do dziesięcin. Przyczynek do dziejów sporu o dziesięciny na Mazowszu w latach pięćdziesiątych XVIII w
Franciszek Bieliński’s Attitude towards Tithes. A Contribution to the History of the Dispute over Tithes in Masovia in the 1750’s The present article describes Franciszek Bieliński’s attitude towards tithes. He was the Grand Marshal of the Polish Crown and initiated a conflict about tithes between the Masovian nobility and the Catholic clergy, that began in the early 1750’s. In the article I analyse the manifesto that was published under Bieliński’s auspices, along with his correspondence with other dignitaries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as their speeches during the Sejm of 1752 in Grodno. It was no secret that Bieliński initiated this conflict mainly for personal reasons. However, his activity perpetuated the evolution of the practice that courts for nobility were competent to examine cases concerning tithes.
Journal Article
Beyond tithes and offerings: Revolutionising the economics of Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe
The Zimbabwean economic crisis has exposed the unsustainability of traditional sources of Church finances. Churches that depend on tithes, freewill offerings and donations have been facing incapacitation, a disturbing predicament that has been further worsened by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the context of abject poverty and perennial price hikes of basic commodities. While attention has been given to the exploitative commercialisation of the gospel by charismatic churches, scholarship on the economics of classical Pentecostal churches is scanty. Observing fluctuating, unsustainable and unreliable incomes, this study explored the vulnerability of operating without diversified revenue and fundamentality of economising ecclesiology. Applying a theonomic reciprocity concept and using a literature-based approach, this article overviewed the nexus between ecclesiology and economics, reviewed and problematised traditional sources of ecclesial finances. Resultantly, it proposed diversification of revenue through business, interrogated problems and panaceas of doing business as churches. Conclusively, the study argued that when churches establish investments, they will not only sustain themselves, but also missionise their businesses and advance the gospel in the marketplace, hence the rationality of revolutionising their economics.Contribution: This article debunks the interplay of ecclesiology and economics by reviewing contextual realities and financial sources of classical Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. It calls for scholarly and clerical attention to a theology of stewardship and investment towards economic sustainability, effective operationalisation and realisation of missio Ecclesiae in volatile contexts.
Journal Article
The Legal Innovations of the Pentateuchal Tithe Laws
Abstract
This article analyzes the relationship between the pentateuchal tithe laws in Lev 27:30-33; Num 18:21-32, and Deut 14:22-29 from a literary perspective and finds that (1) Lev 27:30-33 is the oldest tithe law in the Pentateuch that may have been the common source of the other pentateuchal tithe laws, (2) the tithe law in Num 18:21-32 may have been literarily dependent upon the tithe law in Deut 14:22-29, (3) the purpose of the legal revision of the pentateuchal tithe laws was to replace rather than to supplement the older legislation, and (4) the tithe law in Lev 27:30-33 may have been a product of the Priestly School, whereas the tithe law in Num 18:21-32 may have stemmed from the Holiness School albeit from a later stratum than H proper (Lev 17-26).
Journal Article
A Tax Reform to Support Agricultural Policies in the Early Republic Period: Abolition of Tithe
Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe had been applied successfully for many years since the foundation of the state, it became an important problem, especially after the 17th century, due to injustices in the collection procedures of the tax due to the deterioration in the Ottoman land order. As a matter of fact, the Tithe continued to exist until the first years of the Republic. The abolition of the Tithe was one of the most challenging and controversial fiscal problems for the new regime in the early Republican period. In this context, it was abolished in 1925 to support agricultural production and to reduce the tax burden on rural areas. This study discusses the developments in the process that paved the way for the abolition of the Tithe, which is considered as an important tax reform in terms of the fiscal history of the Republican period, as well as the economic, fiscal, social and political consequences of the abolition of the tax and its effects on the agricultural sector. It has been determined that the legislative regulations made to cover the loss of income resulting from the abolition of tithe negatively affect the tax structure, cause the tax burden to shift from rural to urban, and disrupt justice in the tax system by causing indirect taxes to gain weight.
Journal Article