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This title profiles the works of ten designers whose use of textiles, meticulous attention to material and workmanship, and interaction with other creative disciplines have created a new atmosphere of connectivity and engagement on the Tokyo runways.

This classic work chronicles how New York, London, and Tokyo became command centers for the global economy and in the process underwent a series of massive and parallel changes. What distinguishes Sassen's theoretical framework is the emphasis on the formation of cross-border dynamics through which these cities and the growing number of other global cities begin to form strategic transnational networks. All the core data in this new edition have been updated, while the preface and epilogue discuss the relevant trends in globalization since the book originally came out in 1991.

This study aimed to examine the impact of a major sporting event, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, on abnormal returns of Japanese sponsors and Taiwanese Olympic-related stock prices during three different periods, including the hosting announcement, the postponement in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the holding as scheduled. Using the event study approach, secondary data were collected to investigate the fluctuation of abnormal returns of official Japanese sponsors and Taiwanese Olympic-related stocks. The empirical evidence showed that Olympics-related news disclosures significantly affected the abnormal returns of official sponsors’ stock prices during both the periods of the hosting announcement and the postponement announcement but not during the period of holding as scheduled. This study also verified that the postponement announcement of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and its holding as scheduled would generate positive and negative spillover effects on the stock market of a non-host country.

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how the sustainability theme has been incorporated into the new Olympic planning guidelines based on analysing the case of Tokyo (2020), which was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachFor this, field research using the case study method was carried out that involved 21 in-depth interviews with experts from different entities affected by the event.FindingsAs a result, it was possible to identify that some characteristics already presented in the Tokyo project came to break away from the gigantism observed in the past Olympic editions in an attempt to demonstrate alignment with the new principles brought by the IOC (2020) and 2020 + 5 Agenda that had as one of its main objectives to simplify the Olympics, making the event more sustainable and accessible for future host societies.Originality/valueAt the end, some trends for the future of the Olympic Games are also presented in order to guide future studies in the area, as well as help the future host cities and their companies in planning their investments.

The Japanese say that 'folk song is the heart's home town'. Traditional folk songs (min'yo) from the countryside are strongly linked to their places of origin and continue to play a role there. Today, however, they are also taught as a quasi-art music, arranged for stage and television, quoted in Westernized popular songs and so forth.

Volcanic eruptions produce significant ash fall. If Mt. Fuji erupts, the ash fall could directly affect road transport function in the Greater Tokyo area. An eruption has the potential to impact network traffic by altering the shortest route and impacting minimum transport costs between different regions. This study aims to calculate the impacts of volcanic ash fall on freight transport and commodity trade and the effects of partial restoration of trunk highways on the economy. We estimate the impacts by applying an integrated system of transport network and input–output model, the inter-regional commodity flow model. The model estimates regional and inter-regional commodity flows and transport network flows simultaneously by analyzing the interactions between network flows and commodity trade demand. The estimation results show a deterioration of accessibility in and around the area where ash fall deposits occur. The geographical characteristics of the influence on freight transport and trade demand are shown. Our results imply that the southern regions, such as the Izu peninsula and areas around Shizuoka city, will be severely affected. We also examine a simulation to estimate the effects of a restoration plan of trunk highways crossing the affected area, assuming that restoration efforts resources are limited. The simulation analysis suggests a significant mitigation of the impacts of ash fall with the restoration. The estimation results imply that prioritizing the restoration of trunk highways can represent not only a realistic policy solution but also an efficient recovery strategy.

Introduction: Mega sporting events not only promote physical activity but also offer opportunities to encourage environmentally sustainable behaviors. The Tokyo Marathon, as one of the World Marathon Majors, provides a unique context to examine how runners’ environmental awareness and motivational drivers influence transport behavior and engagement in physical activity. Understanding these behavioral patterns is crucial for integrating sustainability with health promotion in large-scale sporting events. Methodology: Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study surveyed 300 runners of diverse ages, nationalities, and experience levels using an online questionnaire. Key constructs measured included Environmental Awareness (EA), Runner Attitude (RA), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norms (SN), Green Marathon Perceived Quality (PQ), and Physical Activity (PA). Followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine hypothesized relationships among variables. Discussion: Results indicate that EA significantly predicts PBC, RA, and PQ, highlighting the role of environmental knowledge in shaping attitudes and perceptions of event quality. Physical activity is significantly influenced by PBC and RA, while SN and PQ show no significant effect. These findings emphasize the importance of intrinsic motivation and perceived behavioral control over social influence or perceived event quality in promoting sustainable and active transport behaviors. Conclusions: Enhancing environmental awareness and fostering positive attitudes can effectively encourage eco-friendly and health-promoting behaviors in mega sporting events, offering actionable insights for event organizers, policymakers, and sport tourism planners aiming to combine sustainability with participant well-being. Introducción: Los eventos deportivos de gran escala no solo promueven la actividad física, sino que también fomentan comportamientos sostenibles. El Maratón de Tokio, como uno de los World Marathon Majors, ofrece un contexto ideal para analizar cómo la conciencia ambiental y los factores motivacionales de los corredores influyen en el transporte y la actividad física. Metodología: Basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado, se encuestaron 300 corredores de diversas edades, nacionalidades y niveles de experiencia mediante un cuestionario en línea. Se midieron Conciencia Ambiental (EA), Actitud del Corredor (RA), Control Conductual Percibido (PBC), Normas Subjetivas (SN), Calidad Percibida del Maratón Verde (PQ) y Actividad Física (PA). Los datos se analizaron con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA) y Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Discusión: Los resultados muestran que EA predice significativamente PBC, RA y PQ. La actividad física está influida por PBC y RA, mientras que SN y PQ no son significativos. Esto resalta la relevancia de la motivación intrínseca y el control percibido sobre la influencia social o la calidad percibida del evento para promover transporte activo y sostenible. Conclusiones: Incrementar la conciencia ambiental y fomentar actitudes positivas puede impulsar comportamientos ecológicos y saludables en eventos deportivos de gran escala, ofreciendo recomendaciones prácticas para organizadores y responsables de políticas. Introdução: Os eventos desportivos de grande escala não promovem apenas a atividade física, mas também fomentam comportamentos sustentáveis. A Maratona de Tóquio, como uma das World Marathon Majors, oferece um contexto ideal para analisar como a consciência ambiental e os fatores motivacionais dos corredores influenciam o transporte e a atividade física. Metodologia: Com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planificado, pode conhecer 300 corredores de diversas idades, nacionalidades e níveis de experiência através de um questionário online. Se midieron Conciencia Ambiental (EA), Actitud del Corredor (RA), Control Conductual Percibido (PBC), Normas Subjetivas (SN), Calidad Percibida del Maratón Verde (PQ) e Actividad Física (PA). Os dados são analisados ​​com Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (CFA) e Modelação de Economias Estruturais (SEM). Discussão: Os resultados mostram que o EA prevê significativamente o PBC, o RA e o PQ. A atividade física é influenciada pelo PBC e RA, enquanto o SN e o PQ não são significativos. Isto realça a relevância da motivação intrínseca e o controlo percebido sobre a influência social ou a qualidade percebida do evento para promover o transporte ativo e sustentável. Conclusões: Aumentar a consciência ambiental e fomentar atitudes positivas pode impulsionar comportamentos ecológicos e saludáveis ​​em eventos desportivos de grande escala, oferecendo recomendações práticas para organizadores e responsáveis ​​por políticas.

In tourism-dependent cities, investigating the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of tourist flows is crucial for better urban planning in both steady and perturbed states. In recent years, researchers have started relying more on photo-based, geotagged social data, which offer insights about tourists, popular hotspots, and mobility patterns. However, distinguishing between tourists and locals from this data is problematic since residence information is often not provided. While previous studies rely on heuristic (e.g., period of stay) and probabilistic (Shannon entropy) approaches, this paper proposes a method for classifying tourists and residents based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and considering parameters that could explain the variability between the two (e.g., weather, mobility, and photo content). This approach was applied to Flickr users’ geotagged photos taken in Tokyo’s 23 special wards from July 2008 to December 2019. The results show that stacked ensemble (SE) models are superior to models based on five supervised-learning algorithms, including gradient boosting machine (GBM), generalized linear model (GLM), distributed random forest (DRF), deep learning (DL), and extremely randomized trees (XRT). Temporal entropy (TEN), mobility on workdays, and frequent visits to amusement venues and crowded places influenced how users were classified. While temporal distribution showed similar monthly/hourly patterns, spatial distribution varied. The proposed approach might pave the way for scholars to carry out future tourism research on different topics and subsequently support policymakers in the decision-making process, specifically in urban settings.

Understanding the work values of the current and future workforce is essential for designing a human resource management system that attracts, motivates, and retains talent. This study provides an updated, in-depth analysis of the work values of the next generation of business leaders in the commercial centers of China, Japan, and Korea. Although previous research has often clustered these countries together and labeled them Confucian Asia, survey results from more than 700 respondents reveal striking differences in work values across countries. The Chinese are more individualistic and career oriented, whereas the Japanese are more risk averse and work oriented, and the Koreans are often somewhere in-between. We argue that the value differences can be largely explained by different economic influences in these three countries. This study enhances our understanding of crossvergence theory by distinguishing economic influence in the economic development stage, economic growth, and inward foreign direct investments. While these economic indicators might be related, their influences on work values could be conflicting. The findings suggest that that each economic indicator has a unique effect on the development of work values.

This article introduces this special issue that deals with subnational (and, in the case of the European Union, sub-supranational) global climate change politics. While recognizing the limitations that face local governments, the article discusses the importance of focusing more attention on climate policies and programs of state (prefectural, provincial), regional, metropolitan, and local levels of government, where implementation of national climate change policies and programs must occur. Four cases are examined in detail: California within the United States, Germany within the European Union, prefectures and some municipalities (Tokyo and Kyoto) within Japan, and provinces and prefectures within China. The reasons why local governments sometimes choose to act as agenda setters are considered, the ways local governments can influence national government policies are discussed, the role of international networks in diffusing policy ideas among local governments is introduced, and the obstacles to affecting deep change at the local level are considered.