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"Tombs"
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Developing a Practical Framework for Ecomuseums in China : Building the Malanyu Ecomuseum with the Community of Descendants of the Caretakers of the Eastern Qing Tombs
The thesis examines the practical framework of ecomuseums within the Chinese context and its promotion of community engagement approaches to preserve community memory and heritage. The aim is to document and examine the practices and patterns followed by the descendants of the Imperial Tomb caretakers of the Qing dynasty when preserving both tangible and intangible heritage, thereby providing a practical framework for developing innovative ecomuseums that support the continuing memory and identity associated with heritage sites and their communities. The thesis research question asks how a practical framework of ecomuseums could be developed to support the associated communities within the Chinese social context, sustainably participating in narrating and preserving local heritage through self-development and re-discovery of the community's memories. The UNESCO World Heritage site of the Imperial Tombs of the Qing dynasty and the communities of the tomb caretakers' descendants will be investigated to narrate the evolution of the connection between them from the seventeenth century until the present day. In addition, the thesis demonstrates and documents the practices and patterns of how the caretakers protected the tombs across history, as well as the identity and memory their descendants inherited, which are currently neglected. Qualitative research methods such as interviews, physical evidence collection, focus group meetings, community activity observation, archives and textual analysis are used for data collection. This research concludes that a practical growth framework for an ecomuseum within the Chinese context can facilitate community engagement through processes of self-discovery and construction of collective memory and identity. The proposed framework applied by the descendants' community (in Malanyu Town) reveals that some conditions are still required to enable the universal application of the framework. However, the research reveals that the proposed framework can address the problems faced by ecomuseums in China, and it is applicable within other regions worldwide within a similar social context and may improve the various approaches taken there when faced with related challenges.
Dissertation
Space, Body, and Mind : the Application of Cognitive Science to the Etruscan Tomb Space in Tarquinia and Orvieto
Etruscan painted tombs provide the earliest and most well-preserved corpus of figurative wall paintings in the ancient Mediterranean. Depictions of musicians, banqueters, and other images provide a vibrant array of social and performative events inside a small subset of chambered tombs in central Italy. In part, the rarity of tomb paintings in Etruria, along with their figurative nature, have contributed to a surplus of scholarship related to the tomb paintings themselves. Such perspectives tend to emphasise the presumed meaning of visual imagery inside the tomb, rather than how the tomb space was cognitively and somatically experienced during the interment. Consequently, crucial areas of the tomb, such as the dromos, have been minimised, and burial rites originally performed inside the painted tomb remain unclear. I argue that further clarifying sensory mechanisms underlying sight, sound, and space offers a novel way forward in confronting this reality. This thesis seeks to re-contextualize the Etruscan painted tomb with respect to the physical and cognitive experience of funerary ritual. Rather than singly assessing bodily movement or tomb paintings, the tomb is considered from an emic perspective, as a bounded space with unique visual, spatial, and acoustic properties. Fieldwork data involving sound propagation from 14 painted tombs in Tarquinia and Orvieto are presented along with intact photogrammetric and acoustic models illustrating the painted tomb as an intact navigable space. Such interpretation, when applied in conjunction with existing scholarship, provides a clearer understanding of the Etruscan painted tomb space whilst generating new avenues of research in pre-Roman archaeology. Perhaps most importantly, the Etruscan record is allowed to assume precedence over the words and materiality of another culture, language, author, or object.
Dissertation
Tombs and cursed treasure
\"Long-told tales of lost tombs and hidden treasure have survived even into today's atmosphere of skepticism. Some of these artifacts definitely exist, their locations have just been forgotten. Others are truly myths. Readers want to know what is legend and which treasure to pursue. This compelling tome is their guide! There's plenty of history to explore as they learn about lost Inca gold, cursed Egyptian crypts, poisoned tombs in China, the missing grave of Genghis Khan, and untold amounts of shipwrecked treasure\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Abidin Paşa Türbesinin Mimari Özellikleri
Abidin Paşa, Osmanlı döneminde önemli görevler üstlenmiş ve birçok şehirde uzun yıllar sancak yöneticiliği yapmış bir devlet adamıdır. 1906 yılında vefat eden paşa, Fatih Cami haziresinde yer alan türbesine gömülmüştür. Gazi Osman Paşa Türbesi’nin güneyinde bulunan türbe dekoratif olarak 1. Milli Mimarlık üslubunu yansıtırken yapının geneli batılı eklektik üslubun izlerini taşımaktadır. Baldaken şeklindeki, kare planlı yapı sekiz dilimli kubbeyle örtülüdür. Erken Osmanlı döneminde karşımıza çıkan baldaken tarzı türbeler sadece Anadolu’da değil Osmanlı döneminde Balkan coğrafyasında da tercih edilen bir yapı şekli olmuştur. Kubbenin dilimli formu Türk İslam sanatında ender karşılaşılan bir özelliktir. Daha önceki yüzyıllarda içte kubbe, dışta külah ile karşımıza çıkan örnekler Osmanlı döneminde içte ve dışta kubbeyle örtülü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Tamamen mermer malzemeden yapılan türbede iki adet pehleli mezar yer alır. Bu mezarlar da mermerden yapılmış olup güneydoğu yönündeki mezar Veysel Paşa’ya aittir. Abidin Paşa’nın kardeşi olan Veysel Paşa da Osmanlı döneminde devlet görevlisi olarak çalışmıştır. Yapıldığı dönemin sanatsal unsurlarını bünyesinde barındıran türbe tasarım olarak antik dönem anıt mezar yapılarına benzer. Bu çalışmada Abidin Paşa türbesinin plan ve mimari özellikleri incelenmiş, Milas Gümüşkesen’de yer alan anıt mezarla benzerliği ortaya konulmuştur.
Journal Article
Andrei Muraviev in the Face of Death. On Italian Voyages from a Thanatouristic Perspective
The article, based on the findings of Sławoj Tanaś, is an attempt to present thanatouristic dimension of Italian voyages of Andrei Muraviev in 1845. The research material consists of two works: Roman Letters and Appendices to “Roman Letters”. Various death spaces visited by the writer in Italy can be divided into two categories. The first and most extensive one includes peregrinations to sepulchral spaces, i.e. places where human remains are buried (temples, cemeteries, tombs, catacombs). These were both places commemorating death of anonymous (e.g., catacombs) and particular individuals (e.g., artists’ tombs). The other category includes visiting areas of natural cataclysms (Pompeii). Muraviev was a post-figurative tourist, as he was characterised by a traditional, sacralised attitude to death in various aspects of its understanding.
Journal Article
The Tombs of Ptahemwia and Sethnakht at Saqqara
The two tombs dealt with in this book were discovered in 2007 and 2010 by the Leiden Expedition in the New Kingdom necropolis of Saqqara. Both date to the transition period between the reign of the heretic Pharaoh Akhenaten and the return to orthodoxy under his successor Tutankhamun. They are valuable additions to the growing corpus of funerary architecture from the Memphite cemeteries, yet they are quite different.Ptahemwia was a royal butler, presumably in the Memphite palace. The wall-reliefs and inscriptions of his tomb illustrate aspects of his professional life. Yet the career of the tomb-owner preserves some mysteries, such as the assumed change of his name, his potential foreign origins, and the reason why his tomb could not be finished according to plan. Sethnakht is an even more elusive person. This simple scribe of the temple of Ptah can hardly have been the main owner of the tomb next to Ptahemwia's, which was started in the same lavish style and then remained undecorated. There are reasons to assume that Sethnakht was just one of the relatives of the owner, who - like Ptahemwia - seems to have suffered from the political vicissitudes of the period. This publication presents the results of the recent excavations, with an introduction on the biographical data of the tomb owners followed by detailed discussions of the tomb architecture and wall decorations, as well as the objects, pottery, and skeletal material found in the area. Thus it is aimed at an audience of professional readers with an interest in funerary archaeology.
eBook