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"Tool use in animals."
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Tooling around : crafty creatures and the tools they use
Simple, rhyming text introduces eleven animals and the surprising tools they use.
Book
Tool use in animals : cognition and ecology
\"The last decade has witnessed remarkable discoveries and advances in our understanding of the tool using behaviour of animals. Wild populations of capuchin monkeys have been observed to crack open nuts with stone tools, similar to the skills of chimpanzees and humans. Corvids have been observed to use and make tools that rival in complexity the behaviours exhibited by the great apes. Excavations of the nut cracking sites of chimpanzees have been dated to around 4-5 thousand years ago. Tool Use in Animals collates these and many more contributions by leading scholars in psychology, biology and anthropology, along with supplementary online materials, into a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive abilities and environmental forces shaping these behaviours in taxa as distantly related as primates and corvids\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Shaping of Hooks in New Caledonian Crows
Many animals use tools, but their understanding of physical forces or causal relations is unclear. Primates are considered the most versatile and complex tool users, but observations of New Caledonian crows raise the possibility that these birds may rival nonhuman primates in tool-related cognitive capabilities.
Journal Article
Use of a Bark Flake as a Tool by a White-Breasted Nuthatch, Sitta Carolinensis
We describe and photographically document here the use of a bark flake as a probing tool in white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis). On 30 January 2024 in Patagonia, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, one of the authors (RD) photographed a white-breasted nuthatch using a small piece of bark to probe into crevices in the bark of a pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) in search of invertebrate prey items. This example of tool-use behavior adds to previously documented incidents of similar behaviors using bark flakes as a tool in this species. Probing and other tool-use behaviors have been recorded widely in nuthatches, suggesting that systematic study of the occurrence and ecological context of tool-use behaviors in this group could be a profitable avenue for future study.
Journal Article
Early evolution of human memory : great apes, tool-making, and cognition
This work examines the cognitive capacity of great apes in order to better understand early man and the importance of memory in the evolutionary process. It synthesizes research from comparative cognition, neuroscience, primatology as well as lithic archaeology, reviewing findings on the cognitive ability of great apes to recognize the physical properties of an object and then determine the most effective way in which to manipulate it as a tool to achieve a specific goal. The authors argue that apes (Hominoidea) lack the human cognitive ability of imagining how to blend reality, which requires drawing on memory in order to envisage alternative future situations, and thereby modifying behavior determined by procedural memory.
Book
Protracted development of stick tool use skills extends into adulthood in wild western chimpanzees
Tool use is considered a driving force behind the evolution of brain expansion and prolonged juvenile dependency in the hominin lineage. However, it remains rare across animals, possibly due to inherent constraints related to manual dexterity and cognitive abilities. In our study, we investigated the ontogeny of tool use in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), a species known for its extensive and flexible tool use behavior. We observed 70 wild chimpanzees across all ages and analyzed 1,460 stick use events filmed in the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire during the chimpanzee attempts to retrieve high-nutrient, but difficult-to-access, foods. We found that chimpanzees increasingly utilized hand grips employing more than 1 independent digit as they matured. Such hand grips emerged at the age of 2, became predominant and fully functional at the age of 6, and ubiquitous at the age of 15, enhancing task accuracy. Adults adjusted their hand grip based on the specific task at hand, favoring power grips for pounding actions and intermediate grips that combine power and precision, for others. Highly protracted development of suitable actions to acquire hidden (i.e., larvae) compared to non-hidden (i.e., nut kernel) food was evident, with adult skill levels achieved only after 15 years, suggesting a pronounced cognitive learning component to task success. The prolonged time required for cognitive assimilation compared to neuromotor control points to selection pressure favoring the retention of learning capacities into adulthood.
Journal Article
Clever orangutans invent nutcrackers from scratch
Chimpanzees are not the only great apes to develop tools without tutoring.
Journal Article
Clever orangutans invent nutcrackers from scratch
Chimpanzees are not the only great apes to develop tools without tutoring.
Journal Article